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Section 26.4: Fundamental Forces and Elementary Particles

Exercise 39

Step 1

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Leptons are elementary particles.

Hadrons are not elementary particles. They are made up of either two or three quarks.

Result

2 of 2

Leptons

Exercise 40

Step 1

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Hadrons (Mesons and Baryons) are made up of combinations of quarks.

Mesons are made up of two quarks.

Baryons are made up of three quarks.

Result

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Hadrons

Exercise 41

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Baryons are made up of three quarks.

For example proton (p) is a baryon. It is made up of two up quarks and one down quark ($uud$) so that its charge is $+dfrac{2}{3}e +dfrac{2}{3}e -dfrac{1}{3}e = +e$

Mesons are made up of two quarks.

Pion ($pi^+$) is made up of up quark and the antiparticle of down quark ($ubar{d}$).

Result

2 of 2

See Solution.

Exercise 42

Step 1

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Weak nuclear force is stronger than the force of gravity.

The relative strength (relative to strong nuclear force) of weak nuclear force is $10^{-6}$ whereas the relative strength of gravitational force is $10^{-43}$.

Result

2 of 2

Weak nuclear force

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Section 26.4: Fundamental Forces and Elementary Particles

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