Physics
Physics
1st Edition
Walker
ISBN: 9780133256925
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Section 17.4: Applications of Lenses

Exercise 44
Step 1
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Human eye can be thought of as a lens with variable focal length and a fixed screen just like a camera. Our lens deforms changing its’ focal length to focus objects at various distances exactly at that screen.
Result
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Exercise 45
Step 1
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In both cases the objective lenses collect the light from the observed objects (small objects close to the objective lens in case of the microscope and apparently small objects that are really far away in case of a telescope) and produce enlarged inverted image. This image then serves in both cases as an object for the eyepiece lens that is closest to the eye and magnifies the object further.
Result
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Exercise 46
Step 1
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Farsightedness can be caused by an eyeball that is shorter than normal. Rays from an object inside the near point are brought to a focus behind the retina. Thus a farsighted eye does not converge light enough to focus it on the retina. And this problem can be corrected by “preconverging” the light which is using a converging lens on the eye and a $textbf{convex lens}$ is an example of a converging lens.
Result
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This problem can be corrected by “preconverging” the light which is using a converging lens on the eye and a convex lens is an example of a converging lens.
Exercise 47
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When you are underwater the difference between the refractive indices of retina and water is really small and the rays coming your way hardly refract at all. This is why you cannot focus nearby objects – because they require the most ray bending, so you are in a stasis of extreme farsightedness.
Result
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Exercise 48
Step 1
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A chromatic aberration occurs when a lens bends light of different colors by different amounts and can be corrected by combining two or more lenses to form a compound lens. So, mirrors do not have chromatic aberration because light of different colors still behave exactly the same under reflection, no refraction.
Result
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Mirrors do not have chromatic aberration because light of different colors still behave exactly the same under reflection, no refraction.
Exercise 49
Step 1
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$textbf{Given values:}$

$$
begin{align*}
d_{o,1} &= 15 text{ m} \
d_{o,2} &= 5.32 text{ m} \
f &= 45.5 text{ mm}
end{align*}
$$

Step 2
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The distance of the lens that should be moved in order to focus on an object 5.32 meters away is the difference in their image distance from the two object distances. So applying the thin-lens equation to the problem to calculate the image distances :

$$
begin{align*}
dfrac{1}{d_{o,1}} + dfrac{1}{d_{i,1}} &= dfrac{1}{f} \
d_{i,1} &= dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{f} – dfrac{1}{d_{o,1}}} \
&= dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{0.0455 text{ m}} – dfrac{1}{15 text{ m}}} \
d_{i,1} &= 45.638 text{ mm}
end{align*}
$$

$$
begin{align*}
\
dfrac{1}{d_{o,2}} + dfrac{1}{d_{i,2}} &= dfrac{1}{f} \
d_{i,2} &= dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{f} – dfrac{1}{d_{o,2}}} \
&= dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{0.0455 text{ m}} – dfrac{1}{5.32 text{ m}}} \
d_{i,2} &= 45.893 text{ mm}
end{align*}
$$

Step 3
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Therefore, calculating for the distance of the lens :

$$
{d = d_{i,2} – d_{i,1}}
$$

$$
{d = 45.893 text{ mm} – 45.638 text{ mm}}
$$

$$
{boxed{d = 0.255 text{ mm}}}
$$

Result
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$$
{d = 0.255 text{ mm}}
$$
Exercise 50
Step 1
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$textbf{Given values:}$

$$
begin{align*}
d_o &= 0.750 text{ m} \
f &= 105 text{ mm}
end{align*}
$$

The distance from a camera lens to the CCD sensor is equal to the image distance from the lens. This can be calculated by applying the thin-lens equation to the problem :

$$
begin{align*}
dfrac{1}{d_o} + dfrac{1}{d_i} &= dfrac{1}{f} \
d_i &= dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{f} – dfrac{1}{d_o}} \
&= dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{105 text{ mm}} – dfrac{1}{750 text{ mm}}}
end{align*}
$$

$$
{boxed{d_i = 122.1 text{ mm}}}
$$

Result
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$$
{d_i = 122.1 text{ mm}}
$$
Exercise 51
Step 1
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$textbf{Given values:}$

$$
begin{align*}
d_o &= 3.8 text{ m} \
d_i &= 6.2 text{ cm}
end{align*}
$$

The distance from a camera lens to the CCD sensor is equal to the image distance from the lens. The focal length of the lens can be calculated by applying the thin-lens equation to the problem :

$$
{dfrac{1}{d_o} + dfrac{1}{d_i} = dfrac{1}{f}}
$$

$$
{f = dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{d_o} + dfrac{1}{d_i}}}
$$

$$
{f = dfrac{1}{dfrac{1}{380 text{ cm}} + dfrac{1}{6.2 text{ cm}}}}
$$

$$
{boxed{f = 6.1 text{ cm}}}
$$

Result
2 of 2
$$
{f = 6.1 text{ cm}}
$$
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