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Section 25.3: The Quantum Physics of Atoms

Exercise 20

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Probability cloud describes a probability distribution of finding and electron in a particular area in space. Its’ interpretation is the following: The denser it is in some part of the space the greater the probability of finding an electron in that volume.

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Exercise 21

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During fluorescence there would be, beside the photons of the absorbed energies (to some extent) also lower energy photons. This is due to deexcitation transitions may be more complex (i.e. if the electrons are excited directly from $n=1$ to $n=3$ some of them will deexcite directly $3to1$ but much more may excite in a sequence $3to 2$ and then $2to1$ resulting in photon of lower energy).

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Exercise 22

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This is the plane where there is zero probability of finding an electron (if we perform measurements we will never detect the electron there).

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Exercise 23

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Lasers produce light that travels in one direction and and consists only of one single color (spectrum has only one wavelength). On the other hand, light produced by the Sun consists of the photons of all wavelengths and travels in all directions around the Sun.

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Exercise 24

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Rutherford’s model predicts circular motion of electron around the nucleus. Quantum physics rejects thi s and says that the electrons do not have orbits and that their position is probabilistically determined (it is described by the probability cloud). Also the states (different probability clouds for different quantum numbers) of the electrons are stable in contrast to what Rutherford’s model predicted.

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Section 25.3: The Quantum Physics of Atoms

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