Physics
Physics
1st Edition
Walker
ISBN: 9780133256925
Table of contents
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Page 383: Standardized Test Prep

Exercise 1
Step 1
1 of 2
Energy transferred from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object is heat.
Result
2 of 2
(A)
Exercise 2
Solution 1
Solution 2
Step 1
1 of 2
The sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy is thermal energy.
Result
2 of 2
(C) Thermal energy.
Step 1
1 of 2
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object is thermal energy. As we know that mechanical energy is the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy and the mechanical equivalent of mechanical energy is thermal energy. The mechanical equivalent of heat is the precise amount of mechanical work that has the same effect as the transfer of a given amount of thermal energy.

The correct option is $c$ -thermal energy.

Result
2 of 2
The correct option is $c$ -thermal energy.
Exercise 3
Step 1
1 of 2
Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the object.
Result
2 of 2
(C) It is proportional to the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.
Exercise 4
Step 1
1 of 3
### Knowns

– The mass of our sample $m = 1text{ kg}$

– The heating rate $P = 30 ; frac{text{J}}{text{s}}$

Step 2
2 of 3
### Calculation

To find the specific heat capacity of material A we need to find the total change in thermal energy.

From the graph, looking at the point $(T, t) = (25text{textdegree}text{C}, 60text{ s})$ we find the total time $t = 60text{ s}$ and change in temperature:

$$
begin{align*}
Delta T = T_{text{f}} – T_{text{i}} = 25text{textdegree}text{C} – 20text{textdegree}text{C} = 5text{textdegree}text{C}
end{align*}
$$

Now we can find the total thermal energy using the heating rate.

$$
begin{align*}
Q = P cdot t = 30 ;frac{text{J}}{text{s}} cdot 60text{ s} = 1800text{ J}
end{align*}
$$

Now we write the law that governs heating of objects:

$$
begin{equation*}
Q = m , c , Delta T
end{equation*}
$$

rearranging for $c$:

$$
begin{equation*}
c = frac{Q}{m , Delta T}
end{equation*}
$$

Plugging in the numbers we get:

$$
begin{align*}
c = frac{1800text{ J}}{1text{ kg} cdot 5text{textdegree}text{C}} = 360 ; frac{text{J}}{text{kg}text{textdegree}text{C}}
end{align*}
$$

Result
3 of 3
The specific heat capacity of material A is $360 ; frac{text{J}}{text{kg}text{textdegree}text{C}}$.

So the final solution is (A) $360 ; frac{text{J}}{text{kg}text{textdegree}text{C}}$

Exercise 5
Solution 1
Solution 2
Step 1
1 of 2
If the material $A$ starts to melt at $60^circ text{C}$ then the temperature would remain constant and all the heat energy which was earlier used to raise the temperature of the material would now be used to melt the material. So if the temperature remains constant with increasing time the line on the graph will become horizontal.

The correct option is $D$.

Result
2 of 2
The correct option is $D$.
Step 1
1 of 2
Since during melting the heat energy will be used as the latent heat of melting, the temperature will remain constant at that point. So the curve will be horizontal at that point.
Result
2 of 2
(D)
Exercise 6
Solution 1
Solution 2
Step 1
1 of 2
Material $C$ has the highest average kinetic energy after $40 text{ s}$ of heating because temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object and since material $C$ has highest temperature after $40 text{ s}$ therefore it will have the highest average kinetic energy.

Thus, the correct option is $C$.

Result
2 of 2
Thus, the correct option is $C$.
Step 1
1 of 2
Since the temperature of the material C is highest after 40 s, the average kinetic energy of the molecule of material C will be highest.
Result
2 of 2
(C) material C
Exercise 7
Solution 1
Solution 2
Step 1
1 of 2
The results depend on the specific temperature to which the ball and ring are cooled, and thus cannot be determined. We do not know the mass of the brass ball and the brass ring and therefore we cannot determine which will change its size more, the one with smaller mass will require less change in temperature to reduce its size as compared to the other one.

Therefore, the correct option is $D$.

Result
2 of 2
Therefore, the correct option is $D$.
Step 1
1 of 2
Since both are made from same material and are of same diameter, thy will change equally with change of temperature. Hence the ball will always fit through the hole.
Result
2 of 2
(A)
Exercise 8
Solution 1
Solution 2
Step 1
1 of 2
A buildings’ heating and cooling system operates most effectively if the heating vents are located near the floor and the cooling vents are located near the ceiling because the heating vents that give out warm air which is lighter and has a tendency to rise in the upwards direction will make the room warmer faster and distribute the heat evenly, while the cold vents which give out cold air which is denser settles to the bottom, therefore if we want even cooling we must place it near the ceiling, so that cold air gets distributed evenly.
Result
2 of 2
So if we want even cooling we must place it near the ceiling, so that cold air gets distributed evenly.
Step 1
1 of 1
The heating vents heats the air surrounding it. Now if the vent is near the floor, then the heat the air near the floor. Since the hot air is light, the air will easily go up and heat the whole room.
Where as if the cooling vent is at the top, then it will cool the air at top. Now since the cold air is heavier, the cold air will easily come down and hence it will coll the room more easily.
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics
Section 1.1: Physics and the Scientific Method
Section 1.2: Physics and Society
Section 1.3: Units and Dimensions
Section 1.4: Basic Math for Physics
Page 38: Assessment
Page 41: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 2: Introduction to Motion
Section 2.1: Describing Motion
Section 2.2: Speed and Velocity
Section 2.3: Position-Time Graphs
Section 2.4: Equation of Motion
Page 66: Assessment
Page 71: Standardized Test Prep
Page 45: Practice Problems
Page 47: Practice Problems
Page 47: Lesson Check
Page 49: Practice Problems
Page 52: Practice Problems
Page 53: Lesson Check
Page 56: Practice Problems
Page 57: Lesson Check
Page 59: Practice Problems
Page 60: Practice Problems
Page 62: Practice Problems
Page 62: Lesson Check
Chapter 3: Acceleration and Acceleration Motion
Section 3.1: Acceleration
Section 3.2: Motion with Constant Acceleration
Section 3.3: Position-Time Graphs for Constant Acceleration
Section 3.4: Free Fall
Page 105: Assessment
Page 111: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 4: Motion in Two Dimensions
Section 4.1: Vectors in Physics
Section 4.2: Adding and Subtracting Vectors
Section 4.3: Relative Motion
Section 4.4: Projectile Motion
Page 144: Assessment
Page 149: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 5: Newton’s Laws of Motion
Section 5.1: Newton’s Laws of Motion
Section 5.2: Applying Newton’s Laws
Section 5.3: Friction
Page 180: Assessment
Page 187: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 6: Work and Energy
Section 6.1: Work
Section 6.2: Work and Energy
Section 6.3: Conservation of Energy
Section 6.4: Power
Page 220: Assessment
Page 227: Standardized Test Prep
Page 191: Practice Problems
Page 193: Practice Problems
Page 196: Lesson Check
Page 196: Practice Problems
Page 199: Practice Problems
Page 201: Practice Problems
Page 203: Practice Problems
Page 204: Practice Problems
Page 205: Practice Problems
Page 206: Lesson Check
Page 209: Practice Problems
Page 211: Lesson Check
Page 213: Practice Problems
Page 214: Practice Problems
Page 215: Practice Problems
Page 216: Lesson Check
Chapter 7: Linear Momentum and Collisions
Section 7.1: Momentum
Section 7.2: Impulse
Section 7.3: Conservation of Momentum
Section 7.4: Collisions
Page 260: Assessment
Page 265: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 8: Rotational Motion and Equilibrium
Section 8.1: Describing Angular Motion
Section 8.2: Rolling Motion and the Moment of Inertia
Section 8.3: Torque
Section 8.4: Static Equilibrium
Page 300: Assessment
Page 305: Standardized Test Prep
Page 269: Practice Problems
Page 271: Practice Problems
Page 272: Practice Problems
Page 275: Practice Problems
Page 275: Lesson Check
Page 277: Practice Problems
Page 280: Lesson Check
Page 284: Practice Problems
Page 286: Practice Problems
Page 287: Practice Problems
Page 289: Lesson Check
Page 294: Practice Problems
Page 295: Practice Problems
Page 296: Lesson Check
Chapter 9: Gravity and Circular Motion
Section 9.1: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravity
Section 9.2: Applications of Gravity
Section 9.3: Circular Motion
Section 9.4: Planetary Motion and Orbits
Page 336: Assessment
Page 341: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 10: Temperature and Heat
Section 10.1: Temperature, Energy, and Heat
Section 10.2: Thermal Expansion and Energy Transfer
Section 10.3: Heat Capacity
Section 10.4: Phase Changes and Latent Heat
Page 378: Assessment
Page 383: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 11: Thermodynamics
Section 11.1: The First Law of Thermodynamics
Section 11.2: Thermal Processes
Section 11.3: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
Page 410: Assessment
Page 413: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 12: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
Section 12.1: Gases
Section 12.2: Fluids at Rest
Section 12.3: Fluids in Motion
Section 12.4: Solids
Page 446: Assessment
Page 451: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 13: Oscillations and Waves
Section 13.1: Oscillations and Periodic Motion
Section 13.2: The Pendulum
Section 13.3: Waves and Wave Properties
Section 13.4: Interacting Waves
Page 486: Assessment
Page 491: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 14: Sound
Section 14.1: Sound Waves and Beats
Section 14.2: Standing Sound Waves
Section 14.3: The Doppler Effect
Section 14.4: Human Perception of Sound
Page 523: Assessment
Page 527: Standardized Test Prep
Page 495: Practice Problems
Page 496: Practice Problems
Page 500: Practice Problems
Page 501: Lesson Check
Page 503: Practice Problems
Page 504: Practice Problems
Page 506: Practice Problems
Page 506: Lesson Check
Page 510: Practice Problems
Page 511: Practice Problems
Page 512: Lesson Check
Page 514: Practice Problems
Page 516: Practice Problems
Page 517: Practice Problems
Page 519: Lesson Check
Chapter 15: The Properties of Lights
Section 15.1: The Nature of Light
Section 15.2: Color and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Section 15.3: Polarization and Scattering of Light
Page 557: Assessment
Page 563: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 16: Reflection and Mirrors
Section 16.1: The Reflection of Light
Section 16.2: Plane Mirrors
Section 16.3: Curved Mirrors
Page 590: Assessment
Page 595: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 17: Refraction and Lenses
Section 17.1: Refraction
Section 17.2: Applications of Refraction
Section 17.3: Lenses
Section 17.4: Applications of Lenses
Page 629: Assessment
Page 635: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 18: Interference and Diffraction
Section 18.1: Interference
Section 18.2: Interference in Thin Films
Section 18.3: Diffraction
Section 18.4: Diffraction Gratings
Page 668: Assessment
Page 673: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 19: Electric Charges and Forces
Section 19.1: Electric Charge
Section 19.2: Electric Force
Section 19.3: Combining Electric Forces
Page 698: Assessment
Page 703: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 20: Electric Fields and Electric Energy
Section 20.1: The Electric Field
Section 20.2: Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
Section 20.3: Capacitance and Energy Storage
Page 738: Assessment
Page 743: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 21: Electric Current and Electric Circuits
Section 21.1: Electric Current, Resistance, and Semiconductors
Section 21.2: Electric Circuits
Section 21.3: Power and Energy in Electric Circuits
Page 775: Assessment
Page 781: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 22: Magnetism and Magnetic Fields
Section 22.1: Magnets and Magnetic Fields
Section 22.2: Magnetism and Electric Currents
Section 22.3: The Magnetic Force
Page 810: Assessment
Page 815: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 23: Electromagnetic Induction
Section 23.1: Electricity from Magnetism
Section 23.2: Electric Generators and Motors
Section 23.3: AC Circuits and Transformers
Page 844: Assessment
Page 849: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 24: Quantum Physics
Section 24.1: Quantized Energy and Photons
Section 24.2: Wave-Particle Duality
Section 24.3: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Page 876: Assessment
Page 881: Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 26: Nuclear Physics
Section 26.1: The Nucleus
Section 26.2: Radioactivity
Section 26.3: Applications of Nuclear Physics
Section 26.4: Fundamental Forces and Elementary Particles
Page 944: Assessment
Page 947: Standardized Test Prep