Physics: Principles and Problems
Physics: Principles and Problems
9th Edition
Elliott, Haase, Harper, Herzog, Margaret Zorn, Nelson, Schuler, Zitzewitz
ISBN: 9780078458132
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Page 704: Section Review

Exercise 9
Step 1
1 of 2
In a cathode-ray tube, electron beams are formed when the electrons initially emitted by the cathode get accelerated by the potential difference after which they pass through slits finally forming a beam.
Result
2 of 2
Emission by a cathode, acceleration by a potential difference and passing through slits.
Exercise 10
Step 1
1 of 2
As given in the problem, the radius of the circular path of a particle in a mass spectrometer is given as

$$
r=frac{1}{B}=sqrt{frac{2mV}{q}}
$$

so if all other parameters are kept constant the only parameter that is unknown is the particle’s mass and if we know the radius of the path by detecting the place where the particle hits the screen, we can calculate the mass.

Result
2 of 2
If we keep all the parameters fixed and we measure the radius, we can calculate the mass of the particle.
Exercise 11
Step 1
1 of 2
Our primary task, when talking mass spectrometers, is to keep the radius in a given range of values so that the particles can hit the screen. Now, since the radius is given as

$$
r=frac{1}{B}sqrt{frac{2mV}{q}}
$$

we see that

$$
rpropto frac{sqrt{m}}{B}
$$

So if we want to keep it in a given range of values, so more or less constant it has to hold that

$$
Bproptosqrt{m}
$$

So the ratio between the fields is then given as

$$
boxed{frac{B_2}{B_1}=frac{sqrt{m_2}}{sqrt{m_1}}}
$$

If the mass increases 100 times the magnetic field has ti increase 10 times.

Result
2 of 2
$$
frac{B_2}{B_1}=frac{sqrt{m_2}}{sqrt{m_1}}
$$
Exercise 12
Step 1
1 of 2
In order to solve this problem we are going to use Newton’s second law which says that on a circular path it has to hold that

$$
qvB=frac{mv^2}{r}
$$

From here, we can express the radius to have that

$$
r=frac{mv}{qB}=frac{1.67times 10^{-27}times 4.2times 10^4}{1.6times 10^{-19}times 1.2}
$$

Finally, we have that

$$
boxed{r=3.65times 10^{-4}textrm{ m}}
$$

Result
2 of 2
$$
r=3.65times 10^{-4}textrm{ m}
$$
Exercise 13
Step 1
1 of 2
In order to solve this problem, we are going to use Newton’s second law which says that on a circular path it has to hold that

$$
qvB=frac{mv^2}{r}
$$

However, we have to find the speed first. The final speed of the oxygen atoms is the consequence of the acceleration in the electric field which is expressed via the conservation of energy

$$
qV=frac{mv^2}{2}
$$

where we can express the square of the speed as

$$
v^2=frac{2qV}{m}
$$

Now, we will square our first equation and plug in the last expression into it

$$
q^2v^2B^2=frac{m^2v^4}{r^2}
$$

$$
q^2B^2=frac{m^2v^2}{r^2}=frac{m^2}{r^2}frac{2qV}{m}
$$

After some simple algebra one gets that

$$
qB^2=frac{2mV}{r^2}
$$

So we can express the mass as

$$
m=frac{qr^2B^2}{2V}=frac{2times1.6times 10^{-19}times 0.075^2times 0.083^2}{2times 232}
$$

Finally, we have that

$$
boxed{m=2.7times 10^{-26}textrm{ kg}}
$$

Result
2 of 2
$$
m=2.7times 10^{-26}textrm{ kg}
$$
Exercise 14
Step 1
1 of 2
He concluded that there is a single elementary charge.
Result
2 of 2
Existence of a single elementary charge.
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