Glencoe Health
Glencoe Health
1st Edition
McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN: 9780078913280
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Section 19.1: The Role of Medicines

Exercise 1
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Medicines are drugs, chemicals or compounds, used to cure, treat or prevent disease. They could also ease symptoms or help in diagnosis of disease. They are an important part of the medical field because they help doctors to cure diseases and save lives.

Drugs are substances (excluding water) that causes a change in an organism’s physiology or psychology. They could be legal or illegal.

Result
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Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions. Drugs are substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind.
Exercise 2
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Vaccine- biological preparation that provides immunity to a particular infectious disease.

Antitoxin- antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin and can also kill bacteria and other microorganisms.

Antibiotic- a type of antimicrobial substance that is fighting bacterial infections (they can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria).

Antivirals- drugs used for treating viral infections. They do not destroy their target pathogen but inhibit its development.

Antifungals- an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis.

Result
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Preventing disease- vaccines or antitoxins

Fighting pathogens- antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals

Exercise 3
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Synergistic effect causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the individual effects of each drug. It can be beneficial or harmful.

Antagonistic interaction happens when the drug interaction reduces the effect of each drug. It can completely mask the effect of the other drug or it can weaken effectiveness of the other drug.

Result
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Synergistic effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that result in a greater effect than when each medicine is taken alone.

Antagonistic interaction – occurs when the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine.

Exercise 4
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Children are given vaccines at a young age because they are most vulnerable then. They are at the highest risk of getting sick or dying if they get these diseases. They are exposed to numerous bacteria and viruses on a daily basis that can harm them because they didn’t develop their immune system yet. Newborns are immune to some diseases because they have antibodies they get from the mother, but this immunity lasts only for a short time. So that is why it is important to vaccinate a child.
Result
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Because they are at the highest risk of getting sick.
Exercise 5
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If a person stops taking prescribed medication, the medicine will leave his body and the symptoms might return. A person should consult his doctor because otherwise, consequences can be life-threatening.
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Because it is dangerous and could be life-threatening.
Exercise 6
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An experimental drug is a substance that has not yet received approval from governmental regulatory authorities for routine use even though it can cure a virus or disease. It may be approved by the FDA for use in one disease or condition but still be considered investigational in other diseases or conditions. Clinical trials show how well it works and whether it is safe to use.
My research was based on new drugs for Alzheimer’s disease. Beta-amyloid is a major component of plaques that are one of the hallmarks of brain abnormalities present in this disease. Scientists have discovered the process of formation of this protein fragment, so drug research is focused on all points on the pathway of amyloid processing. Several clinical trials of these drugs are ongoing. Two anti-amyloid compounds are being studied to determine if they can prevent or delay the onset of symptoms among cognitively healthy elderly people who are at high risk (they have two copies of the e4 APOE gene type, one from each parent). Research will show whether these drugs can fight the accumulation of the beta-amyloid protein fragment in amyloid plaques. Plaques form between neurons and interfere with their communication with each other allowing the brain to store new information. Completion of studies is expected in 2025. I found this information on the official website of the Alzheimer’s Association.
Result
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My research was based on new drugs for Alzheimer’s disease. There are several drugs being investigated but I picked one. Its target is beta-amyloid, a major component of plaques that are one of the hallmarks of brain abnormalities present in this disease. See the explanation for details.
Exercise 7
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Taking medicine as your doctor prescribed is important for several reasons. First of all, using your medication correctly as prescribed has a better health outcome. Prescribed medicine is important for controlling chronic conditions, treating temporary conditions, and long-term health. Doctors know why they pick certain medications just for you, and they did so in order to help you manage or overcome certain health conditions. If you are not using it properly or not use it at all, it can result in worsened health, longer recovery, unwanted side effects, death, and other serious health conditions. Also, using them properly can save your money in future that would otherwise be spent on health care costs related to hospitalization or emergency room visits.
Result
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Taking your medications as prescribed is important for a better health outcome, controlling chronic conditions, treating temporary conditions, and saving your money that would otherwise be spent on health care costs related to hospitalization or emergency room visits.
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