Interaction between two drugs that causes greater total effect than the individual effect of each drug. It can be either beneficial or harmful.

Synergistic effect

Depending on which medication, some common minor side effects are: diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, heart issues such as irregular heartbeats, nausea and vomiting, rash, hives, etc. But there are some serious that could lead to a life threatening condition, hospitalization, disability or even death. As you can see, the importance of knowing them is huge in order to prevent incorrect medication use.

Side effects

Mixing alcohol with certain medicines is dangerous. It can cause some unwanted side effects such as headaches, drowsiness, fainting, vomiting, heart and lung problems or internal bleeding as well.

Medicines

Additive interaction gives the expected result, greater, in a positive way, than the result of each medication taken alone. This interaction can be the result of either physical or chemical interaction. In physical interactions, the components retain their molecular entity. In chemical interactions, chemical reactions are leading to the formation of different molecules.

Additive interaction

When using drugs, it causes changes in organism`s physiology or psychology. They are different from food and substances that provide you nutritional support. All medicines are drugs, but that doesn’t mean that all drugs are medicines. Drugs can be either legal or illegal.

Drug

The principle of how the vaccine works is simple. It contains the same germs that cause disease but they are either killed or weakened to the point where they can`t make you sick. In that way, they stimulate your immune system to produce antibodies the same way you would if you are sick. By taking vaccines, your body develops immunity to that certain disease, and in that way you can prevent it.

a) Causes the body to make antibodies to fight polio

Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections. The principle of their work is killing the bacteria or making them hard to grow and multiply.

d) Antibiotic

Antivirals are medications that fight the flu. They reduce the ability of flu viruses to multiply and help decrease the severity and duration of flu symptoms.

c) Antiviral

Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergies. They can provide relief from allergy symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, hives caused by pollen, etc.

b) To relieve allergy symptoms

An antagonistic interaction is interaction between two or more medicines that have opposite effects on the body. It can either block or reduce the effectiveness of one or more of the medicines.

b) Antagonistic interaction

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is medicine used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation. It has analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties.

a) Analgesic

1. Resistance germs are found within plasmids, a piece of bacteria’s DNA that carry genetic instructions from one germ to another. In that way, some bacteria can share their DNA and make other germs resistant.

2. This is a process of swapping genetic material between neighboring bacteria (transfer of DNA from one bacterium into another via bacteriophages).

1.Through mutations that occur in the DNA of the cell during replication

2.Through horizontal gene transfer

Narcotic pain relievers are also called opioids. The principle of how they work is they bind to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body telling your brain you’re not in pain. They require a prescription because they are powerful medications and if not used properly, they can have serious consequences such as health complications or even death. Mostly, they are used to treat pain or, in some cases, to treat coughing and diarrhea. The main reason some people used it without prescription is because they can make them feel very relaxed and high. As I already said, there are several reasons why opioids need prescription. Your doctor can adjust the dose properly and you should follow the instructions he gave to you, otherwise they can cause side effects such as drowsiness, constipation, nausea or vomiting. Some opioids (some antidepressants, some antibiotics or sleeping pills) are also dangerous if taken with alcohol. Furthermore, if you develop dependence and for some reason stop using opioids, you can have symptoms such as muscle pain, anxiety, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting or irritability. Some people can also develop serious addiction which can cause big problems in their personal life besides the health problems.

Because those are powerful medications which, if not used properly, can cause health complications, unwanted side effects, addiction, or even death.

Psychiatric medications cannot cure mental illness but they can reduce symptoms and prevent relapses of a psychiatric disorder. If a person is treated through psychotherapy for example, psychiatric medications will make it more effective. Also, they can help minimize cravings and maintain abstinence from addictive substances if a person suffers from addiction.

By reducing symptoms or making other treatments more effective.

When choosing oral or topical medication you should consider where your pain is located. Both are effective, but topical may be better for localized pain near the surface of the skin, while oral may be better for pain deep within your body. Also, oral medication is better for short term use, while topical is better for long-term use. But if your pain is constant, neither orals nor topicals may be appropriate. Either way, you should always consult with your doctor.

Because oral medications work faster due to the fact that they enter the bloodstream faster than topical medication.

Tolerance is a diminished response to a medication. After using medication for a long period of time, the body adapts to its continued presence.

Addiction is compulsive physiological need for and use of a drug characterized by tolerance and serious physiological symptoms in case if a person stops use of it.

Depending on which medication is used, after a long period of time, a person can develop tolerance or addiction (drugs).

If Anne stops taking prescribed medication, it can make her feel better for a short time, but it may cause a problem with her health such as seriously elevated blood pressure or heart rate. Side effects may be unpleasant sometimes, but you should always talk to your doctor first, before you stop using them. Sometimes there is no other alternative than that particular medication, and in long-term it does you good. You can learn from your doctor on how to minimize your unpleasant symptoms. Also, you may learn that those side effects are not coming from that medication.

It could lead to even more unpleasant and serious health problems such as seriously elevated blood pressure or heart rate.

Vaccine contains the same germs that cause disease but they are either killed or weakened to the point where they can`t make you sick. In that way, they stimulate your immune system to produce antibodies the same way you would if you are sick.. Vaccines don’t cure disease, but prevent it by developing immunity to certain diseases.

Vaccines don’t cure diseases, but prevent it by making your body produce antibodies and develop immunity.

Synergistic effects result in a larger effect than expected. It is an interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the individual effects of each drug.

Antagonistic effects result in a smaller effect than expected. It is an interaction between two or more drugs that have opposite effects on the body, it may either block or reduce the effectiveness of one or more of the drugs.

Synergistic- larger effect

Antagonistic- smaller effect

OTC or over-the-counter medicine is medicine you can buy without a prescription. If you follow given instructions on medicine labels which are directed by health professionals, it is effective and safe to use.

OTC or over-the-counter medicines

Drug overdose is a strong reaction to taking a large amount of a drug that may result in serious, harmful symptoms or death.

Drug overdose

Medicine abuse is use of either prescribed or OTC medication in nonmedical ways and without permission of the healthcare provider. It is dangerous and illegal and includes everything from, for example, taking a friend’s prescription painkiller, taking pills just to fit in with peers to ingesting pills to get high, etc.

Medicine abuse

A prescription medicine is a pharmaceutical medicine that legally requires a doctor’s prescription and can be dispensed only by a licensed pharmacist. The reason for this is prevention of drug abuse, and prevention of practicing medicine without license and education.

Prescription medicines

Medicine misuse is using a medicine in ways other than the intended use. These are some examples: failing to follow the instructions, giving your`s prescribed medication to others or taking another’s by yourself, taking too much or too little amount of medicine, taking it for longer or shorter periods than recommended, etc.

Medicine misuse

The reason why it can`t be purchased without a doctor’s recommendation is to avoid drug abuse and practicing medicine without a license and education.

d) It can be purchased without a doctor’s recommendation

Proven medication safety and effectiveness is important to prevent adverse reactions, overdoses and death.

a) Prescription medicines

Medicine label on OTC medications include: active ingredients, inactive ingredients, uses, warnings, expiration date, purpose or some other informations and directions such as how to take a medicine, how to store the product or required information about certain ingredients.

d) The name of the pharmacy

Saving half of an antibiotic prescription in case you get sick later is misuse of medicine and can be dangerous. If you use it for illnesses they aren’t meant to treat, they don’t help, on the contrary, they could cause serious side effects. Also, you are not educated to choose the right dose. Overusing antibiotics can kill helpful bacteria and upset balance which can lead to diarrhea or yeast infections for example. Old antibiotics could expire and they won’t work well anymore or can become toxic. Also, taking the wrong antibiotic or wrong dose could develop antibiotic resistance.

b) Saving half of an antibiotic prescription in case you get sick later

This topic mostly refers to ADHD medicine. Taking this medication can lead to pumped-up brain activity, including increased focus and concentration. It increases alertness, energy, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure for a short time but not actually learning skills. This focus and concentration last for a short time and people can feel disconnected or depressed, or they can even crash after. Doctors commonly prescribe this medication in small amounts because otherwise, it can cause heart problems such as high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, heart failure, or even stroke, paranoia, or mental health problems.

c) They believe that the medicine may help them study longer

Taking too little medicine is not a risk of abusing medicines. It is a medicine misuse.

d) Taking too little medicine

FDA is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. It is responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices.

c) The Food and Drug Administration

The manufacturer of certain dietary supplements is responsible for making sure that products are safe. Herbal supplements are regulated by FDA but not as strictly as prescription or OTC drugs. So, you should talk to your doctor before using them, to see if they are right for you.

Because FDA is not authorized to review dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed.

Some OTC medicines can react with other drugs and may be used for producing highly addictive, dangerous and illegal drugs which can have serious consequences and put in danger people’s health and lives.

For people’s safety.

No matter which medicine you are taking, always read the label. In that way you will make sure you’re using it properly and that you get all of the benefits. The second important thing about reading the label is that it can also prevent harmful side effects.

For making sure to use medicine safely and effectively, and also to avoid harmful side effects.

FDA is responsible for protecting the public health. By providing them accurate and science-based information about a medicine, they will ensure the safety, effectiveness and security of medicine. Also, they will identify harmful side effects.

By providing them accurate and science-based information about a medicine in order to ensure the safe and appropriate use.

Every prescribed medication is prescribed for certain illnesses and for certain people. There is a reason why. Medicines have different effects on different people, and can also cause different side effects for different people. So, taking another person’s medicine is not such a smart idea. Mixing two or more different medicines without proper knowledge can have harmful effects. Combining medicines can change the way an active ingredient works and increase the effect of that ingredient on your body, make it less effective, or have other unexpected results. Also, mixing medicines increases the chance of having side effects. If the medicines you are taking have side effects, the more you take, the chance of having it is higher.

Medications can have different side effects for different people. Also they can increase, make the medicine less effective or have other unexpected results.