Adolescence is the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood that occurs between ages 13 and 19.

Adolescence

Puberty is a certain period of life when a child begins to develop certain traits of adults. He/she is becoming sexually mature. It usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys.

Puberty

Cognition is the mental process that is involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. More precisely, it is involved in thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving.

Cognition

Hormones are chemical substances produced in glands. They are important in the body`s functioning because they help regulate many of your body’s functions.

Hormones

During adolescence you become capable of solving problems in more complex ways, so adolescents will learn to anticipate the consequences of a particular action, think logically and understand different points of view.

c) Reflect on past accomplishments

Your parents have already set rules for appropriate and inappropriate behaviour and this helps you as an adolescent for developing your own values. Then you start to assess your own values when they differ from the values of your peers.

a) Personal value system

Vocational goals are aimed at developing skills you will need for getting a job. As you explore possibilities and developing interests, you may find some of them can lead to a career. Those are long-term goals and passing the science test tomorrow isn`t a long-term goal.

d) Passing the science test tomorrow

Puberty is development of certain traits of adults of your gender. It is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature.

c) Puberty

To have a friend is important to most of us. Relationships rely on mutual interactions. To maintain your friendship with someone, you need to have some characteristics of a good friend. Trustworthiness is very important and comprise honesty, dependability and loyalty. Those are vital in friendship. Honesty means that we need to be open to each other and tell the truth. Being dependable means that your friend can rely on you when in need. Loyalty means that you won`t tell others about your friend`s secrets or gossip about him. Empathy is the ability to understand your friend and what is going on with him and to understand his feelings. Good listening skills are essential for good communication. Also, being supportive in a friend’s bad or good times is definitely a characteristic of a good friend. Self confidence and humor are also very important.

Honesty, dependability, loyalty, empathy, good listening skills, being supportive, self confidence, humor.

Not everyone develops at the same rate. Every child grows and develops differently and at their own pace. It happens in the same order, but can occur at different rates.

Every child grows and develops differently and at their own pace.

To make the transition to emotional independence easier for teens, parents should do several things. Letting them explore and have new experiences even if they are making mistakes will help them learn some life`s lessons. Parents should have a positive relationship with their children, show them love and support and respect their opinion and feelings. For example, they could give a child his space and privacy, listen to what he is talking and understand what he is thinking or maybe take interest in their child’s interests. Establishing clear and fair family rules about behaviour, communication and socialising will help your child understand where the limits are. Also they could involve their child in developing those rules. By doing this, they help their child to understand the principles behind them. Parents could also help their children develop decision-making skills and provide safe opportunities for them to exercise independence.

By letting them explore and make mistakes; showing them love and support; respecting their opinion and feelings; establishing clear and fair family rules; helping them develop decision-making skills; providing safe opportunities to exercise independence.

Examples of risky behaviours in adolescence are committing crimes, experimenting with drugs and alcohol, hurting themselves, unprotected sex, etc. The major cause for health problems in this stage of life are not diseases, but their risky behaviours.

Risky behaviour and risky choices are one of the hallmarks of adolescence, and at its most higher rate during late teen years. There is a very diverse list of common risky behaviours.

Earlier positive experiences in life lower odds of having depression or poor mental health as an adult. Emotional support during childhood can have an effect on education, social life and romantic relationships. Children’s bonds they form with their parents can affect their future physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Earlier events have shaped the way we think, act, and interact with people close to us.

Those will have an impact on your further life and shape you as a person.

Physical maturity is a state at which the body and its organs are fully developed. Most people reach it in late adolescence or their early twenties.

Physical maturity

Children become self-directed when they learn limits. It means they are able to make correct decisions about behaviour when adults are not present to enforce the rules.

Self- directed

Unconditional love is love without limitations or quantifications, and parents should show it to their children all the time.

Unconditional love

If they are unable to have one on their own, married couples sometimes decide to adopt. Adoption is legally taking someone else’s child to raise as your own.

Adoption

Instilling values, setting limits and giving unconditional love are all responsibilities of a parent. Other than those, parents should: provide a safe environment, provide their child`s with basic needs and morals, develop mutual respect and be involved in their education.

d) All of the above

Emotional maturity is the state at which the mental and emotional capabilities of an individual are fully developed. It is seen in married couples when they try to understand their partner`s needs and are willing to compromise (they consider what is best for the relationship rather than thinking only about themselves).

b) Emotional maturity

When children learn earlier stated limits, they become self- directed. This means they become able to make correct decisions about behaviour when adults are not present to enforce the rules.

a) Self- directed

Physical maturity is the stage at which the physical body and all its organs are fully developed. Most people reach it in late adolescence or their early twenties.

a) Physical maturity

In young adulthood, most people reach physical and emotional maturity. It lasts from 19 to 40 years of age. The main goal of this stage is to develop intimacy so young adults will probably develop personal relationships. Many of them will get married and become parents.

Middle adulthood lasts from 40 to 65 years of age. The middle adults are looking outside themselves and care about others more to contribute to society. It can be done through grandparenting for example. Many transitions happen in this stage, family and individual accomplishments, the arrival of grandchildren, achievement of satisfying career goals or recognition of an individual’s contribution to the community. All of these could improve middle adults’ physical, mental, emotional and social health. Middle adults go through several physical changes such as menopause in females. Other than pride about personal accomplishments, middle adults could experience some disappointments. This could lead to a middle crisis.

Late adulthood begins at age of 65 and lasts until death. The main thing to accomplish for a person during this stage is to understand the meaning and purpose of her life. If they were living with integrity, late adults will probably feel fulfilled and proud and could look back without regret. As they get older, their health problems could increase. So, they need good health care.

In young adulthood, the main goal is to develop intimacy. In middle adulthood, people are looking outside themselves and care about others more to contribute to society. In late adulthood, the main thing to accomplish is to understand the meaning and purpose of life

Before entering a marriage, partners should consider several things. They should consider the fact that marriage is a serious commitment to each other and also long-term consequences if they are not completely ready for it. If one of them has any doubts or questions about the other partner`s reasons for marrying, they should talk about it before getting married. Couples should also carefully examine the lifelong responsibilities and requirements of being a parent.

They should consider about obligations that comes with marriage, question each other if any doubt exists and also carefully examine the lifelong responsibilities and requirements of being a parent.

If teens get married, they will face some challenges. They will probably face a lack of emotional maturity which can make it difficult for teenagers to handle situations. Lack of maturity or self-confidence and trust may also lead to jealousy and anger. They could face problems in education. Many of them will not have a chance at higher education and some of them will even need to drop out of school. So, it will be hard for them to determine their personal goals and their life path with limited options. Financial challenges add even more stress to their marriage. If the couple had a baby, they will probably face some teen parenting issues.

Lack of emotional maturity, self confidence and trust, posibility of droping out of school; financial challenges, teen parenting

Couples can start their family by giving a birth to a child or they could adopt a child. They can even choose to raise a foster child by becoming a legal guardian. By doing that, they raise a child and give him support, but a legal right of the child’s parents stays intact. While legal guardianship is temporary, adoption is permanent. Adoption is the legal process of taking a child of other parents as one’s own. When a couple adopt a child, they have legal parent rights.

Giving birth to a child, adoption or legal guardianship.

Transitions are critical changes that occur at all stages of life. In middle adulthood, these changes can include family and individual accomplishments, the arrival of a grandchild, achievement of satisfying career goals or recognition of an individual’s contribution to the community.

Transitions

Empty-nest syndrome- the feelings of sadness or loneliness that acompany seeing children leave home and enter adulthood

Empty-nest syndrome

If they lived with integrity (with a firm adherence to a moral code), late adults may feel fulfilled and proud.

Integrity

Social Security provides benefits to older adults when they retire and to people with disabilities.

a) Social Security

Some of the social and mental/emotional changes that middle and older adults experience are: sadness and loneliness when their children move away, pride in having met personal goals, the opportunity to pursue talents and interests.

d) All of the above

Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. Many late adults are suffering from arthritis.

d) Joints

Potentional benefit of strenght training in later life is preserving bone density, esspecially if person has osteoporosis.

a) Preserving bone density

In later adulthood, the use of the computer gives a person opportunities to expand their access of information. They already have a great amount of knowledge and experience, and they can use it to pursue new interests. Internet use also showed improvement in brain activity in older adults.

Computers gives the older adult opportunities to expand their acces of information.

A midlife crisis is a transition of identity and self-confidence that can occur in middle adulthood. It is a psychological crisis caused by aging, inevitable mortality, and maybe lack of accomplishments in life. Crisis may result with depression, remorse, high levels of anxiety, feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness and even loss of early liked interests.

A midlife crisis is a transition of identity and self-confidence that can occur in middle adulthood.

A person who maintains healthy relationships with family and friends can accept that his child moved away easier. They could also look for new opportunities in their personal and professional life and maybe they will make some new friends. By keeping themselves busy, they help themselves to ease the sense of loss that might be feeling.

Maintaining healthy relationships with family and friends, new opportunities in their personal and professional career, making new friends, etc.