The thyroid gland is located in the neck. It produces two hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine which are regulating the body’s metabolic rate controlling heart, muscle and digestive function, brain development and bone maintenance.

Thyroid gland.

The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone which is regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and bones.

The parathyroid gland

The pituitary gland produces several hormones that play a major role in regulating vital functions and general well being and also controls the activity of most other glands.

The pituitary gland

Hypothalamus links the endocrine system with the nervous system and its main function is to maintain the homeostasis of the body.

a) Hypothalamus

The pituitary gland main function is that it regulates other endocrine glands by telling them to produce hormones. Also, it regulates many body functions through hormones that it produces such as growth and reproductive development and function, function of thyroid gland, adrenal glands and gonads, kidneys, uterus and breasts.

c) Regulates other endocrine glands

Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline. It is secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. The causes of its release are strong emotions such as fear. It increases heart rate, muscle strength and blood pressure.

b) Adrenal gland

The adrenal glands produce aldosterone. It’s a hormone that regulates water balance, salt metabolism and blood pressure. People with low levels of aldosterone may have low blood pressure, increased potassium levels, and lethargy.

Low blood pressure, increased potassium levels and lethargy.

The pineal gland secretes melatonin (hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms) and it is produced according to the amount of light a person is exposed to. The pineal gland releases greater amounts of melatonin when it is dark.

The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin. It gives your body a message when to go to sleep when it is dark.

When you don’t eat you don’t have enough nutrients and potentially your body is in danger. In that case epinephrine might help stop digesting food to use the nutrients you have left wisely in order to not waste nutrients that are left.

In a case of not enough nutrients in the body, epinephrine might help stop digesting food to use the nutrients you have left wisely in order to not waste nutrients that are left.

Luteinizing hormone applied to a males testes is producing testosterone which supports sperm production and when applied to females ovary cells, it triggers ovulation.

Male testes- producing testosterone

Female ovary cells- to trigger ovulation

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla are both parts of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal gland and its largest part. The adrenal medulla is located inside the adrenal cortex and in the center of the entire adrenal gland. They are enveloped in an adipose capsule which is a protective layer around an adrenal gland. Both parts of the adrenal gland perform distinct and separate functions. The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones. These hormones regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolisms. It also produces mineralocorticoid hormones which regulate salt and water balance in the body. The adrenal medulla produces “stress hormones”, including adrenaline.

They are both parts of an adrenal gland but secretes different hormones. See the explanation for details.

The scrotum is a sac of skin that hold the testes. It hangs from the body at the front of the pelvis and between the legs.

Scrotum

Semen is a thick fluid containing sperm cells and a number of secretions. Prostatic fluid (neutralizes the acidity of the vagina), seminal fluid (contains proteins), fatty acids, and fructose (used for nourishing the sperm).

Semen

Infertility is inability to produce children despite having frequent and unprotected sexual intercourse for at least a year. It can result from some of your issues, your partner`s or combination of several factors.

Infertility

An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue such as part of intestine enters the inguinal canal, a tubular passage through the lower layers of the abdominal wall.

a) A separation where part of the intestine pushes into the abdominal wall

A testicular self-exam is recommended to perform once a month. By doing it, you will notice a possible change sonner.

c) Once a month

Sperm is formed in the testes, firstly in a form of seminiferous tubules which contain simple round cells. By the action of testosterone and other hormones, they transform into sperm cells during puberty.

d) In the testes

The urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body of both females and males and semen in males.

a) The urethra

Sperm is alive in temperatures lower than the normal body temperature. When it is hot, the scrotum lowers the testes and muscles attached to the scrotum relax. In this way, it will keep them cooler than body temperature and sperm wont die. If it`s too cold, it raises the testes when and the muscles tighten.

The scrotum lowers the testes when it is hot to keep them cooler than body temperature so sperm doesn’t die, or it raises the testes when it is too cold.

Lump often feels hard and testicle is firmer than usual. It can develop inside the testicle or just under the skin. The testicle with a lump is larger and swollen.

When it is warm (for example warm showers) because the scrotum lowers the testes and lumps would be easier to find. It usually forms on the front or side of a testicle.

Hormones produced in the pituitary gland stimulate the production of testosterone which initiates physical changes (such as developing facial hair) that signal maturity.

He should infer that his reproductive system is reaching maturity.

Testicular cancer usually happens around a younger age (between the ages 14 and 40) than prostate cancer. It occurs in testicles and with early detection, it is often treatable through surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate. With early detection, when it’s still confined to the prostate gland, it has the best chance for successful treatment.

The difference between these two cancers is the place where they occur and the fact that testicular cancer usually happens around a younger age than prostate cancer.

It is important to see a health care provider right away when you discover a testical lump because it can be cancerous lump (testicular cancer or prostate cancer). With early detection, it has the best chance for successful treatment.

Because it can be testicular cancer or prostate cancer and with early detection it has the best chance for successful treatment.

Ovaries are the female gonads. Other than secretes hormones, they protect the eggs a female is born with and release eggs for possible fertilization.

Ovaries

Ovulation is the process in which a mature ovum is released into the fallopian tube. This happens each month. It usually happens about 13-15 days before the menstruation.

Ovulation

The uterus is the hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ inside a female`s body. It is located in a woman’s lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum.

Uterus

Toxic shock syndrome is a serious bacterial infection. It is rare but it can be fatal. The main cause is release of the toxins from Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It affects menstruation.

Toxic shock syndrome

If left untreated, vaginitis can lead to serious conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. This is the infection and inflammation of the female genital tract. Vaginitis results in serious reproductive morbidity including infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

b) Vaginitis

Opening to the uterus is called cervix. It is the lower part of the uterus, usually 2-3 centimeters long and cylindrical in shape.

d) Cervix

Just prior to ovulation, as it prepares for a zygote, the part of the uterine wall called endometrium begins to thicken and to expand in response to release of estrogen from the ovaries.

c) The wall thicknes

Usually, 1 ova mature each month. It makes through the whole ovulatory process from the activation of the egg follicle and its growth to the maturation and breaking free from the ovary.

a) 1

Most likely that’s true. If Charlotte has started menstruating before Karen at the same age, it is a logical conclusion that Charlotte has matured faster.

Maybe Charlotte matured faster than Karen.

As long as you keep your body healthy, your reproductive organs can function well, decreasing infertility risk. Healthy behaviours can prevent infections by stopping harmful bacteria to cause it. So the infertility problems caused by the infections are decreased.

Practicing healthful behaviours can prevent harmful bacteria from causing infections and your reproductive organs can function well decreasing infertility risk.

It is important for females to examine their breasts once a month, when their period finishes (recommended), because breasts are not tender then and it is easier to check if there is a lump that could possibly be cancerous tumors.

Because females should check for lumps that could possibly be cancerous tumors.

Toxic Shock Syndrome is a serious bacterial infection. In order to prevent it you should practice good hygiene (change your menstrual pads and tampons often, wash your hands and body when in a menstrual period, more often than usually).

By practicing good hygiene, the harmful bacteria can be prevented from causing infection.