Plasma

platelets

blood pressure

a. Getting oxygen from air

A

The correct answer is A. Anemia is a condition that is characterized by the deficiency of red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body. A person who is anemic also experiences low concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood.

A. Anemia

a. are present at birth

A

Our body has three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart. A network of thin blood vessels that brings nutrients and oxygen to different tissues are called capillaries.

When a person inhales oxygen, it enters through the lungs and goes through the capillaries. The oxygen is now carried into the bloodstream; hence, the term oxygenated blood. It goes through the heart then it is pumped into the rest of the body. Eventually, once the cells receive oxygen, they undergo respiration. This is when carbon dioxide is released and carried back into the blood. Eventually, it goes back through the capillaries and enters the lungs to be exhaled.

Having a chronic high blood pressure, which is also known as hypertension, causes damage in the heart and increases the chance of developing cardiovascular disease. In this case, early detection of high blood pressure would help someone avoid cardiovascular disease. Moreover, being aware of your condition can help you lead a healthier lifestyle.

Anemia is a condition that is characterized by the deficiency of red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body. A person who is anemic also experiences low concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood.

On the other hand, hemophilia is an inherited disorder that is characterized by the inability of the blood to clot properly. As a result, bruising and uncontrolled bleeding may occur.

The correct answer is trachea. The trachea, which is also known as the windpipe, serves as the passageway that carries air to and from of the lungs.

Trachea

The diaphragm, which is a muscle found between the chest and the abdomen, is an organ that is involved in breathing. The movement of the diaphragm muscles allows the lungs to inflate and deflate.

Diaphragm

The correct answer is asthma. Asthma is a respiratory condition that causes a person to have a difficulty in breathing due to the swelling of the airways.

Asthma

The correct answer is A. Bronchioles are the smaller tubes that branch off from larger bronchi. They serve as the passageway of air in the respiratory tract.

A. bronchioles

The correct answer is A. Smoking tobacco or cigarettes causes damage in the lungs; hence, does not prevent respiratory problems.

A. smoking tobacco

The correct answer is B. Emphysema is a respiratory disorder that is characterized by the progressive damage of the alveoli walls. It is often caused by smoking tobacco.

B. emphysema

The main function of the respiratory system is to conduct gas exchange between our body and the external environment. It provides us with the oxygen that we need and it helps remove carbon dioxide inside our body.

An increased lung capacity would mean that you can get more oxygen for your body. This reduces breathlessness and improves your endurance because your body has all the oxygen that it needs to keep going.

Sinusitis is a condition that is characterized by the swelling and the irritation of the lining of the sinuses. Conditions that cause sinusitis are common cold, allergies, nasal polyps, and infection.

Allergens are the substances that trigger an allergic reaction; hence, causing an asthma attack. When people with asthma are exposed to allergens, it causes an involuntary contraction in their airway muscles, which is a condition that leads to breathing difficulty. In this case, it is important for a person with asthma to avoid being exposed to allergens.

When we swallow the food, it enters the digestive tract, which propels the food into the stomach. During this process, a mechanism called peristalsis is involved. Peristalsis, which involves the sphincter muscle, is the involuntary muscle contractions that help move the food into the esophagus, stomach, and intestine.

Peristalsis

Gastric juices (also known as gastric acid) are the digestive fluid that is secreted by the stomach lining. It contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin that aid in the digestion of substances in our stomach.

Gastric juices

Peptic ulcer is a condition that is characterized by the sore in the lining of the digestive tract, such as the stomach, the small intestine or the lower esophagus.

Peptic ulcer

The correct answer is D.

Circulation of blood throughout the body is a function of the circulatory system.

D. circulation

The correct answer is A. Bile is a digestive juice that is released by the liver. It is a fluid that aids in the breakdown of fats in our body.

A. bile

The correct answer is C. During digestion, our stomach is responsible for mixing foods with gastric juices, for storing food and liquid that are partially digested, and for moving the food to the small intestine.

C. absorbing nutrients from food

The correct answer is C. Lactose intolerance is a condition that is characterized by the inability to fully digest the lactose in dairy products such as milk.

C. lactose intolerance

Peristalsis starts in the esophagus where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the stomach. In the stomach, food is transformed into a chyme that moves into the small intestine where peristalsis continues. The motions of peristalsis mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth in order to let the bloodstream absorb nutrients through the walls of the small intestine. In the large intestine, peristalsis helps water to be absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining waste products are expelled through the rectum and anus.

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. To understand how it is done, please see the explanation.

Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria taken with food, pepsin is an enzyme that digests protein and bile is fluid important in the breakdown and absorption of fats.

Hydrochloric acid- bacteria

Pepsin- protein

Bile- fats

Almost 90 percent of nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine and unabsorbed material moves by peristalsis into the large intestine. The function of the large intestine is to absorb water, vitamins, salts and to eliminate waste.

Small intestine- absorbs nutrients

Large intestine- absorbs water, vitamins, salts and eliminate waste

Staying well-hydrated is important for your digestion because water keeps the food you eat moving through your intestines. Dehydration is common cause of constipation. So, if your body doesn’t have enough water already, the large intestine will absorb water from your food waste. As a result, you will have hard stools. By drinking more water, your stool will be softly and easier to pass. When you have diarrhea, your body loses more fluid than it can take in and the result is dehydration which can cause your kidneys to shut down. So it is important to take enough water (depends on how much you have lost).

It is important to drink plenty of water when you have diarrhea or constipation because of dehydration. Dehydration causes constipation and it is also a result of diarrhea. Please see the explanation for more details.

Not only does the dialysis machine remove waste products from your blood but also helps get your electrolytes and minerals to their proper levels in your body. The second role is to monitor the flow of your blood while it is outside of your body.

Hemodialysis

Your kidneys contain about a million nephrons which are made of glomerulus and tubule. Glomerulus filters your blood while tubules return needed substances to your blood and removes wastes.

Nephrons

The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Urethra

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. The most common case of bladder inflammation is a urinary tract infection which happens when bacteria enter the bladder or urethra and begin to multiply.

Cystitis

In excretion, the skin plays its role through sweating. It eliminates excess water and salts.

c) Removing excess water and salts

Caffeine is bad for your excretory system because it is diuretic. It causes release of more water from the bloodstream and the kidneys fill up more quickly. This could result with dehydration and with loss of sodium and some others vitamins and minerals. Drinking soft drinks could lead to diabetes, hypertension and kidney stones which are all risk factors of developing chronic kidney disease.

c) Increasing your intake of caffeine and soft drinks

If you have kidney failure, they are not working properly, more precisely, they are not able to clean your blood properly and waste products are building up to a dangerous level. This is why you need hemodialysis in that case, to help your sick kidneys and to exchange them with machine in order to do their job.

b) Kidney failure

Other than an important role in the digestive system, the liver removes certain toxins from the blood. It receives the chemicals such as alcohol from the small intestine and processing and excreting it into the bile. Taking too much alcohol can be cause of Cirrhosis which can cause liver failure or maybe even death.

Liver is processing and excreting toxins (they are also in alcohol) from the blood. Taking too much alcohol can be cause of Cirrhosis which can cause liver failure or maybe even death.

These are some tips on how you can maintain or even improve the health of your urinary system. You need to drink enough water (6-8 glasses each day), but if you have kidney failure or heart disease, you need to drink less water. Limit alcohol and caffeine or just don’t consume it at all. Also, quit smoking. Avoid constipation by eating plenty of high fiber foods, drinking enough water and being physically active. It should keep a healthy weight too. Kegel exercises are the best for holding urine in the bladder because it strengthens these muscles and they can help keep urine leaking when you sneeze, cough or laugh for example. As far as urination is concerned, you should try to urinate at least every 3 to 4 hours and take enough time to fully empty the bladder. If urine stays in the bladder, it can make a bladder infection more likely. Using a relaxed position while urinating may help you do that. After you finish, wipe yourself from front to back to keep bacteria from getting into the urethra (women). Wearing cotton underwear will allow air to keep the area around urethra dry so the bacteria cant grow.

Practising good hygiene will help to avoid bacteria from entering the urethra and causing infection.

Cystitis and urethritis are lower urinary tract infections and majority is related to the bacteria infections. The symptoms include: burning pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, and possibly blood in the urine. If untreated, they can become a serious health problem if the infection spreads to your kidneys.

Because it can become a serious health problem if the infection spreads to kidneys.

Hemodialysis takes over a portion of the function of the failing kidneys to remove the fluid and waste products but it will not prolong life for too long. Kidney transplantation can even more completely take over the function of the failing kidneys and will prolong a patient’s life up to 20 years.

Because patients with kidney transplants can live longer (up to 20 years) than those who are treated with hemodialysis (about 5 years).