Nelson Functions 11
Nelson Functions 11
1st Edition
Chris Kirkpatrick, Marian Small
ISBN: 9780176332037
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Page 35: Check Your Understanding

Exercise 1
Step 1
1 of 4
a)In this part domain of relation is set of year of birth and range is set of years of life expectancy

Domain= $left{ 1900,1920,1940,1960,1980,2000right}$

Range =$left{ 47.3, 54.1, 62.9, 69.7, 73.7, 77.0right}$

Step 2
2 of 4
b) In this part domain of relation is set element of the first set, and range is set element of the second set.

Domain=$left{-5,-1,0,3 right}$

Range=$left{9,15,17,23 right}$

Step 3
3 of 4
c) In this part domain of relation is set ofx-coordinates of each point, and range of relation is set of y-coordinates of each point

Domain=$left{-4,0,3,5 right}$

Range=$left{ -1,0,3,5,7right}$

Result
4 of 4
a) domain = ${$ 1900, 1920, 1940, 1960, 1980, 2000 $}$

b) range = ${$ 47.3, 54.1, 62.9, 73.7, 77.0 $}$

c) domain = ${$ -4, 0, 3, 5 $}$

range = ${$ -1, 0, 3, 5, 7 $}$

Exercise 2
Step 1
1 of 7
a) The domain is the set of x-coordinates and the range is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{pm10,pm8,pm6,pm4,pm2,0 right}$

Range=$left{ -8,-7,-6,-5,-4,-2,0,2,4,8right}$

Step 2
2 of 7
b) The domain is the set of x-coordinates and the range is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xin Rright}$

Range=$left{ y| yin Rright}$

Step 3
3 of 7
c) The domain is the set of x-coordinates and the range is the set of y-coordinates

Domain=$left{x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{y| ygeq-8 right}$

Step 4
4 of 7
d) The domain is the set of x-coordinates and the range is the set of y-coordinates

Domain=$left{ x|-6leq xleq6right}$

Range=$left{ y|-6leq yleq6right}$

Step 5
5 of 7
e) The domain is the set of x-coordinates and the range is the set of y-coordinates

Domain=$left{ x| xleq6right}$

Range=$left{y| ygeq-2 right}$

Step 6
6 of 7
f) The domain is the set of x-coordinates and the range is the set of y-coordinates

Domain=$left{x| xgeq-10 right}$

Range=$left{y|y=-6, -2leq ytextless2, ygeq4 right}$

Result
7 of 7
a) domain = ${$ 0, $pm$ 2, $pm 4$, $pm 6$, $pm 8$, $pm 10$ $}$

range = ${-8$, $-7$, $-6$, $-5$, $-4$, $-2$, 0, 4, 8 $}$

b) domain = ${ xin bold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R}}$

c) domain = ${xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq-8}$

d) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;-6leq x leq 6}$

range = ${ yinbold{R};|;-6leq yleq 6}$

e) domain = ${ xin bold{R};|;xleq 6}$
range = ${yinbold{R};|;ygeq -2}$

f) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xgeq -10}$
range = ${ yinbold{R};|;y=-6, -2leq y 4}$

Exercise 3
Step 1
1 of 2
In exercise 1, part a) and part b) are functions, because each element of the domain has only one corresponding element in the range.

In exercise 2, part b) , c) , e) and f) are functions, because any vertical line drawn on the graph intersects the graphs at only
one point.

Result
2 of 2
1. (a), (b) ;

2. (b), (c), (e), (f)

Exercise 4
Solution 1
Solution 2
Step 1
1 of 3
We can sketch by substituting some values of $x$ to the function to obtain $y$, then plot the points.

Exercise scan

Step 2
2 of 3
The domain is the set of all possible values of $x$. From the graph, observe that $x$ can take all real numbers, thus

domain = ${bold{R}}$

The range is the set of all possible values of $y$. From the graph, notice that $y$ can take values greater than $-3$. Thus, the range is

range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq -3}$

Result
3 of 3
domain = ${bold{R}}$

range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq -3}$

Step 1
1 of 1
Exercise scan
A graph of the function is shown on the left. The end points extend to infinity on both the positive and negative x-direction as well as in the positive y-direction. The domain is the range of all values that x can be. Therefore since the function extends to positive and negative infinity this is the domain. The range is all possible values that y can be. Therefore the range is from -3 to positive infinity.
Exercise 5
Step 1
1 of 2
a) The relation is a function because it passes the “vertical line test”. It is important because any given mass should not have more than one price.

b) The domain is the set of all possible values of $x$. From the graph, we see that

domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;0<xleq 500}$

The range is the set of all possible values of $y$. From the graph, we see that

range = ${$ 0.52, 0.93, 1.20, 1.86, 2.55 $}$

Result
2 of 2
a) It passes the “vertical line test.” Any given mass should NOT have more than one price.

b) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;0<xleq 500}$
range = ${$ 0.52, 0.93, 1.20, 1.86, 2.55 $}$

Exercise 6
Step 1
1 of 4
Function is $t=dfrac{15}{v}$

Table is:

Exercise scan

Step 2
2 of 4
Use the table we can graph the relation $t=dfrac{15}{v}$

Exercise scan

Step 3
3 of 4
Relation in the table is a function because any vertical line drawn on the graph intersects the graphs at only one point.

Domain of this function is set of v-coordinates, and range is the set of t-coordinates

Domain=$left { vin R| vtextgreater0 right}$

Range=$left{ tin R| t text{textgreater} 0 right}$

Result
4 of 4
It passes the vertical line test.

domain = ${ vinbold{R};|;v>0}$

range = ${ tinbold{R};|;t>0}$

Exercise 7
Step 1
1 of 4
a) Remember that the standard form of circle is $(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2$.
This is a circle with center at the origin $(0,0)$ and radius of $sqrt{36}=6$ which can be plotted as follows.

Exercise scan

Step 2
2 of 4
b) Domain is the set of all possible value of $x$. From the graph,

domain = ${xinbold{R};|;-6leq xleq 6}$

Range is the set of all possible values of $y$

range = ${yinbold{R};|;-6leq yleq 6}$

Step 3
3 of 4
c) It is NOT a function because it does not pass the vertical line test. For instance at $x=0$, $y$ can be $6$ or $-6$.
Result
4 of 4
a) graph has been plotted in the answer

b) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;-6leq xleq 6}$

range = ${ yinbold{R};|;-6leq yleq 6}$

c) not a function; It does not pass vertical line test.

Exercise 8
Step 1
1 of 2
If 1 cup =250 mL, then 10 cups=2500 mL.

Function which describe coffee dripping into a 10-cup carafe at a rate of
1 mL/s is $V(t)=t$,

Domain=$left{tin R |0leq tleq 2500 right}$

Range=$left{Vin R |0leq Vleq 2500 right}$

Result
2 of 2
$V(t)=t$

domain = ${ tinbold{R};|;leq tleq 2500}$

range = ${Vinbold{R};|;0leq Vleq 2500}$

Exercise 9
Step 1
1 of 7
a) Function is $f(x)=-3x+8$

Domain of this function is the set of x-coordinates , and range of this function is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{ y| yin R right}$

see graph:Exercise scan
Step 2
2 of 7
b) Function is $g(x)=-0.5(x+3)^{2}+4$

Domain of this function is the set of x-coordinates , and range of this function is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{ y| yleq4 right}$

see graph :Exercise scan
Step 3
3 of 7
c) Function is $h(x)=sqrt{x-1}$

Domain of this function is the set of x-coordinates , and range of this function is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xgeq1 right}$

Range=$left{ y| ygeq0 right}$

see graph:Exercise scan
Step 4
4 of 7
d) Function is $p(x)=dfrac{2}{3}(x-2)^{2}-5$

Domain of this function is the set of x-coordinates , and range of this function is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{ y| ygeq-5 right}$

see graphExercise scan
Step 5
5 of 7
e) Function is $f(x)=11-dfrac{5}{2}$

Domain of this function is the set of x-coordinates , and range of this function is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{ y| yin R right}$

see graphExercise scan
Step 6
6 of 7
f) c) Function is $h(x)=sqrt{5-x}$

Domain of this function is the set of x-coordinates , and range of this function is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xleq5 right}$

Range=$left{ y| ygeq0 right}$

see graph:Exercise scan
Result
7 of 7
a) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R}}$

b) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${yinbold{R};|;yleq 4}$

c) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xgeq 1}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq 0}$

d) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq-5}$

e) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$, range = ${yinbold{R}}$

f) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xleq 5}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq 0}$

Exercise 10
Step 1
1 of 4
see graph:Exercise scan
Step 2
2 of 4
b) We know domain of the function is the set of x-coordinates, and range of the function is the set of y-coordinates

From the graph we can see

Domain=$left{ tin R| 0leq t leq 5right}=left{ 0,1,2,3,4,5right}$

Range=$left{yin R| 0leq y leq 45right}=left{0,1,2,3,4,…,44,45 right}$

Step 3
3 of 4
c) With metric units, the equation usually used with projectile motion is

$f(t) = at^{2}+bcdot t + f(0)$, where $f(0)$ is the initial height and $b$ is the initial velocity and $t$- time.

Equation is:

$f(t)=at^{2}+bt+f(0)$

if $t=0$, then $f(0)=25$

If $t=2$, then $f(2)=45$, so

$f(2)=45=acdot2^{2}+bcdot2+25$ solve this equation by t

$acdot4+2b=45-25$

$4a+2b=20$ divide both side by 2

$2a+b=10$

If $t=5$, then $f(5)=5$, so

$f(5)=acdot5^{2}+bcdot5+25$

$0=25a+5b+25$

$25a+5b=-25$ divide both side by -5

$-5a-b=5$

Now, we need solve system of two equations:

$-5a-b=5$

$2a+b=10$

add equation 1 and equation 2

$-3a=15$ divide both side by $-3$

$a=-5$ substitute in second (or first ) equation and find $b$

$2cdot(-5)+b=10$

$-10+b=10$ add 10 to both side

$b=10+10$

$b=20$

Now, we have $a=-5, b=20$ and $f(0)=25$, substitute in equation $f(t)=at^{2}+bt+f(0)$ and get:

$f(t)=-5t^{2}+20t+25$

Result
4 of 4
a) The graph has been plotted in the answer.

b) domain = ${ tinbold{R};|;0leq tleq 5}$

range = ${ hinbold{R};|;0leq hleq 45}$

c) $h=-5t^2+20t+25$

Exercise 11
Step 1
1 of 5
a) Function is $f(x)=4x+1$

Domain of the function is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain=$left{ x| xin Rright}$

Range=$left{y|yin R right}$

see graph:Exercise scan
Step 2
2 of 5
b) Function is $f(x)=sqrt{x-2}$

Domain of the function is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coordinates.

This function is defined for $x-2geq0$ or $xgeq2$, and range of this function is each $ygeq0$

Domain= $left{ xin R| xgeq2 right}$

Range=$left{yin R | ygeq0 right}$

see graphExercise scan
Step 3
3 of 5
c)Function is $f(x)=3(x+1)^{2}-4$

Domain of the function is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain= $left{ x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{yin R | ygeq-4 right}$

see graphExercise scan
Step 4
4 of 5
c)Function is $f(x)=-2x^{2}-5$

Domain of the function is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coordinates.

Domain= $left{ x| xin R right}$

Range=$left{yin R | yleq-5 right}$

see graphExercise scan
Result
5 of 5
a) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R}}$

b) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xgeq 2}$ , range = ${yinbold{R};|;ygeq 0 }$

c) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq -4}$

d) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${yinbold{R};|;yleq -5}$

Exercise 12
Step 1
1 of 5
Function is: $f(x)=sqrt{3-x}+2$

Domain of the functin is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coorinates

This function is defned for $3-xgeq0$ or $xleq3$

Domain=$left{xin R| xleq3 right}$

Range=$left{ yin R | ygeq2right}$

see graphExercise scan
Step 2
2 of 5
Function is: $g(x)=x^{2}-3x$

Domain of the function is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coorinates

Domain=$left{xin R right}$

Range=$left{ yin R | ygeq-2.25 right}$

see graphExercise scan
Step 3
3 of 5
c) Function is: $h(x)=dfrac{1}{x^{2}}$

Domain of the functin is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coorinates

This function is defned for $x^{2}ne0$ or $x$

Domain=$left{xin R| xne0 right}$

Range=$left{ yin R | ytextgreater0 right}$

see graph :Exercise scan
Step 4
4 of 5
c) Function is: $p(x)=sqrt{x^{2}-5}$

Domain of the functin is the set of x-coordinates, and range is the set of y-coorinates

This function is defned for $x^{2}-5geq0$ or $xleq-sqrt{5}$ and $xgeq sqrt{5}$

Domain=$left{xin R| xleq-sqrt{5} and xgeq sqrt{5}
right}$

Range=$left{ yin R | ygeq0 right}$

see graphExercise scan
Result
5 of 5
a) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xleq 3}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;yleq 2}$

b) domain = ${ xinbold{R}}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq-2.25}$

c) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xneq 0}$ , range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq 0}$

d) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;xleq -sqrt{5}, xgeq sqrt{5}}$

range = ${ yinbold{R};|;ygeq 0}$

Exercise 13
Step 1
1 of 5
Sketch the situation as follows.Exercise scan
Step 2
2 of 5
a) Let $l$ be the length and $w$ be the width. Observe that the fencing required consists of $3w$ and $2l$.

$3w+2l=450$

Express the length in terms of the width

$l=dfrac{450-3w}{2}$

We need to express the area in terms of the width. The area of a rectangle is product of length and width

$A = ltimes w$

$$
A=left(dfrac{450-3w}{2}right) w
$$

Step 3
3 of 5
b) To determine the domain, we know that both the length and width must be greater than zero.

$w>0$

$l>0implies dfrac{450-3w}{2}>0$

$450-3w>0$

$-3w>-450$

When you divide/multiply both sides by negative number, the direction of inequality will change.

$w<dfrac{450}{3}$

$w<150$

Therefore

domain = ${winbold{R};|;0<w0$. To obtain the upper bound, find the value of $A$ at the vertex, that is, halfway between $w=0$ and $w=150$ which is $w=75$

$A=left(dfrac{450-3(75)}{2}right)(75)=8437.5$

Therefore, the range is

range = ${ Ainbold{R};|;0<Aleq 8437.5}$

Step 4
4 of 5
c) The maximum area corresponds to $w=75$ as we have obtained in part (b). The corresponding length of the rectangle when $w=75$ is

$l=dfrac{450-3w}{2}=dfrac{450-3(75)}{2}=112.5$

Therefore, the dimensions that maximizes the area is

$l=112.5$ m and $w=75$ m

Result
5 of 5
a) $A=left(dfrac{450-3w}{2}right)w$

b) domain = ${ winbold{R};|;0<w<150}$

range = ${ Ainbold{R};|;0<Aleq 8437.5}$

c) $l=112.5$ m , $w=75$ m

Exercise 14
Step 1
1 of 3
a) Domain=$left{ -3,-1,0, 2.5,6 right}$

Function is $f(x)=4-3x$

If $x=-3$, then $f(x)=4-3(-3)=4+9=13$

If $x=-1$, then $f(x)=4-3(-1)=4+3=7$

If $x=0$, then $f(x)=4-3cdot0=4+0=4$

If $x=2.5$, then $f(x)=4-3cdot2.5=4-7.5=-3.5$

If $x=6$, then $f(x)=4-3cdot6=4-18=-14$

Range of this function is :

Range=$left{ -14,-3.5, 4,7,13right}$

Step 2
2 of 3
a) Domain=$left{ -3,-1,0, 2.5,6 right}$

Function is $f(x)=2x^{2}-3x+1$

If $x=-3$, then $f(x)=2(-3)^{2}-3(-3)+1=2cdot9+9+1=18+10=28$

If $x=-1$, then $f(x)=2(-1)^{2}-3(-1)+1=2cdot1+3+1=2+4=6$

If $x=0$, then $f(x)=2cdot0^{2}-3cdot0+1=0+0+1=1$

If $x=2.5$, then $f(x)=2cdot2.5^{2}-3cdot2.5+1=12.5-7.5+1=6$

If $x=6$, then $f(x)=2cdot6^{2}-3cdot6+1=72-18+1=55$

Range of this function is :

Range=$left{ 1,6,28,55right}$

Result
3 of 3
a) ${$ -14, $-3.5$, 4, 7, 13 $}$

b) ${$ 1, 6, 28, 55 $}$

Exercise 15
Step 1
1 of 2
Domain is the set all possible values of the independent variable (usually $x$) while the range is the set of all possible values of the dependent variable (usually $y$).

In table of values, domain are the values in $x$-column while the range are that of $y$-column.

In graphs, domain correspond to the $x$-coordinates while the range are that of $y$-coordinates.

In an equation, domain is the restriction for the value of $x$, for example

$y=x^2$ , $xgeq 0$

Here, the domain is explicitly given. If not stated, we can assume the domain to be ${xinbold{R}}$ except those values of $x$ that could make the denominator of zero. For example,

$y=dfrac{5}{x-1}$

The domain here is all real numbers except $x=1$.

Result
2 of 2
Domain is the set all possible values of the independent variable (usually $x$) while the range is the set of all possible values of the dependent variable (usually $y$).

In table of values, domain are the values in $x$-column while the range are that of $y$-column.

In graphs, domain correspond to the $x$-coordinates while the range are that of $y$-coordinates.

In an equation, unless the restriction is explicitly specified, the domain is all real numbers except those $x$-values that make the denominator zero.

Exercise 16
Step 1
1 of 3
For example, function whose domain is $left{ xin Rright}$ and range is $left{ yin R| yleq2right}$ is $f(x)=-3x^{2}+2$
see graph:Exercise scan
Step 2
2 of 3
For example, function whose domain is $left{ xin R| xgeq-4 right}$ and range is $left{ yin Rright}$ is $f(x)=log(x+4)$
see graph:Exercise scan
Result
3 of 3
Answers may vary. Examples have been plotted in the answer.
Exercise 17
Step 1
1 of 5
a) If x is the length where inscribed square touch the outer square , use pythagorean theorem in triangle ABC as:

$AB^{2}=BC^{2}+AC^{2}$

$AB^{2}=(10-x)^{2}+x^{2}$

so, area of the inner square is $Area=AB cdot AB=AB^{2}$

now, can conclude area of the inner square is $Area=x^{2}+(10-x)^{2}$ or $Area=2x^{2}-20x+100$

Exercise scan

Step 2
2 of 5
b) Since value of two parts $x$ and $(10 -x)$ can be between 0 to 10

$A(0)=2cdot0^{2}-20cdot0+100=0-0+100=100$

$A(5)=2cdot5^{2}-20cdot5+100=2cdot25-100+100=50$

Now can conclude,

Domain =$left{ xin R| 0leq xleq10right}$

Range=$left{Ain R| 50leq Aleq100 right}$

Step 3
3 of 5
c) Perimeter of the inscribed square as is $P=4cdot AB$

We calculate n part a) side of the inscribed square is $AB=sqrt{x^{2}+(10-x)^{2}}$. Now can determine perimeter of the inscribed square as a function of $x$:

$$
P=4cdot AB=4cdotsqrt{x^{2}+(10-x)^{2}}
$$

Step 4
4 of 5
$P(0)=4cdotsqrt{0^{2}+(10-0)^{2}}=4cdotsqrt{100}=40$ and

$P(5)=4cdotsqrt{5^{2}+(10-5)^{2}}=4cdotsqrt{25+25}=4cdotsqrt{50}=4cdot5sqrt{2}=20sqrt{2}$

Domain= $left{xin R| 0leq xleq10 right}$

Range=$left{ Pin R|20sqrt{2}leq Pleq40right}$

Result
5 of 5
a) $A=x^2+(10-x)^2$

b) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;0leq xleq 10}$

range = ${ Ainbold{R};|;50leq Aleq 100}$

c) $P=4sqrt{x^2+(10-x)^2}$

d) domain = ${ xinbold{R};|;0leq xleq 10}$

range = ${ Pinbold{R};|;50sqrt{2}leq Pleq 400}$

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