Nelson Functions 11
Nelson Functions 11
1st Edition
Chris Kirkpatrick, Marian Small
ISBN: 9780176332037
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Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Page 134: Chapter Self-Test

Exercise 1
Step 1
1 of 2
Combine similar terms. When subtracting expressions, change the sign of the subtrahend then add.

$a-(b-c+d)=a+(-b+c-d)$

$$
begin{align*}
bold{a);;;} &(-x^2+2x+7)+(2x^2-7x-7)\ &= (-x^2+2x^2)+(2x-7x)+(7-7)\
&=x^2-5x\\
bold{b);;;} &(2m^2-mn+4n^2)-(5m^2-n^2)+(7m^2-2mn)\
&= (2m^2-mn+4n^2)+(-5m^2+n^2)+(7m^2-2mn)\
&=(2m^2-5m^2)+(-mn-2mn)+(4n^2+n^2)\
&=-3m^2-3mn+5n^2end{align*}
$$

Result
2 of 2
a) $x^2-5x$

b) $-3m^2-3mn+5n^2$

Exercise 2
Step 1
1 of 5
a) Using the FOIL Method which is given by $(a+b)(c+d)=ac+ad+bc+bd,$ the given expression, $2(12a-5)(3a-7)
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
2[12a(3a)+12a(-7)-5(3a)-5(-7)]
\&=
2[36a^2-84a-15a+35]
\&=
2[36a^2-99a+35]
.end{align*}
$$

Using the Distributive Property which is given by $a(b+c)=ab+ac,$ the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
2(36a^2)+2(-99a)+2(35)
\&=
72a^2-198a+70
.end{align*}
$$

Step 2
2 of 5
b) Using the FOIL Method which is given by $(a+b)(c+d)=ac+ad+bc+bd,$ the given expression, $(2x^2y-3xy^2)(4xy^2+5x^2y)
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
2x^2y(4xy^2)+2x^2y(5x^2y)-3xy^2(4xy^2)-3xy^2(5x^2y)
\&=
10x^4y^2+(8x^3y^3-15x^3y^3)-12x^2y^4
\&=
10x^4y^2-7x^3y^3-12x^2y^4
.end{align*}
$$

Step 3
3 of 5
c) Using the FOIL Method which is given by $(a+b)(c+d)=ac+ad+bc+bd,$ the given expression, $(4x-1)(5x+2)(x-3)
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
[4x(5x)+4x(2)-1(5x)-1(2)](x-3)
\&=
[20x^2+8x-5x-2](x-3)
\&=
[20x^2+3x-2](x-3)
\&=
(20x^2+3x-2)(x-3)
.end{align*}
$$

Using the Distributive Property, the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
20x^2(x)+20x^2(-3)+3x(x)+3x(-3)-2(x)-2(-3)
\&=
20x^3-60x^2+3x^2-9x-2x+6
\&=
20x^3+(-60x^2+3x^2)+(-9x-2x)+6
\&=
20x^3-57x^2-11x+6
.end{align*}
$$

Step 4
4 of 5
d) Using the square of a multinomial which is given by $(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2b
,$ the given expression, $(3p^2+p-2)^2
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
(3p^2)^2+(p)^2+(-2)^2+2(3p^2)(p)+2(3p^2)(-2)+2(p)(-2)
\&=
9p^4+p^2+4+6p^3-12p^2-4p
\&=
9p^4+6p^3+(p^2-12p^2)-4p+4
\&=
9p^4+6p^3-11p^2-4p+4
.end{align*}
$$

Result
5 of 5
a) $72a^2-198a+70$

b) $10x^4y^2-7x^3y^3-12x^2y^4$

c) $20x^3-57x^2-11x+6$

d) $9p^4+6p^3-11p^2-4p+4$

Exercise 3
Step 1
1 of 2
For any value of $a,$ the function, $g(x)=(3x-a)^2$ will never be equal to $f(x)=9x^2+4$ since

$$
begin{align*}
g(x)&=(3x-a)^2
\&=
(3x)^2-2(3x)(a)+(a)^2
\&=
9x^2-(6x)a+a^2
\&ne
9x^2+4
\&=
f(x)
.end{align*}
$$

Result
2 of 2
None; see explanation
Exercise 4
Step 1
1 of 3
$bold{a);}$ We are given the expression for $h(n)$ and we need to evaluate
$h(n+1)-h(n)$

Use the special product $(x+y)^3=x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3$

$$
begin{align*} h(n)&=(2n+1)^3\&=(2n)^3+3(2n)^2(1)+3(2n)(1^2)+1^3\&=8n^3+12n^2+6n+1\\
h(n+1)&=[2(n+1)+1]^3\&=(2n+2+1)^3\&=(2n+3)^3\&=(2n)^3+3(2n)^2(3)+3(2n)(3^2)+3^3\&=8n^3+36n^2+54n+27end{align*}
$$

Therefore,
$$
begin{align*} h(n+1)-h(n)&=(8n^3+36n^2+54n+27)-(8n^3+12n^2+6n+1\
&=(8n^3+36n^2+54n+27)+(-8n^3-12n^2-6n-1)\
&=(8n^3-8n^3)+(36n^2-12n^2)+(54n-6n)+(27-1)\
&=24n^2+48n+26end{align*}
$$

Step 2
2 of 3
$bold{b);;}$ This is $h(6)-h(5)$ or $h(n+1)-h(n)$ when $n=5$

$$
begin{align*} h(n+1)-h(n)&=24n^2+48n+26\
h(5+1)-h(5)&=24(5^2)+48(5)+26\
&=866end{align*}
$$

Therefore, Clyde feels 866 more pain on day 6 than on day 5.

Result
3 of 3
a) $h(n+1)-h(n)=24n^2+48n+26$

b) $h(6)-h(5)=866$

Exercise 5
Step 1
1 of 7
a) The given expression, $3m(m-1)+2m(1-m)
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
3m(m-1)+2m(-1)(m-1)
\&=
3m(m-1)-2m(m-1)
.end{align*}
$$

Factoring the $GCF=
(m-1)
,$ the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
(m-1)(3m-2m)
\&=
(m-1)m
\&=
m(m-1)
.end{align*}
$$

Step 2
2 of 7
b) Using the factoring of trinomials in the form $x^2+bx+c,$ the
expression

$$
begin{align*}
x^2-27x+72
end{align*}
$$
has $c=
72$ and $b=
-27
.$

The two numbers with a product of $c$ and a sum of $b$ are $left{
-3,-24
right}.$ Using these two numbers, the
expression
above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
(x-3)(x-24)
.end{align*}
$$

Step 3
3 of 7
c) Using the factoring of trinomials in the form $ax^2+bx+c,$ the expression

$$
begin{align*}
15x^2-7xy-2y^2
end{align*}
$$
has $ac=
15(-2)=-30$ and $b=
-7
.$

The two numbers with a product of $c$ and a sum of $b$ are $left{
-10,3
right}.$ Using these $2$ numbers to decompose the middle term of the trinomial expression above results to

$$
begin{align*}
15x^2-10xy+3xy-2y^2
.end{align*}
$$

Grouping the first and second terms and the third and fourth terms, the given expression is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
(15x^2-10xy)+(3xy-2y^2)
.end{align*}
$$

Factoring the $GCF$ in each group results to

$$
begin{align*}
5x(3x-2y)+y(3x-2y)
.end{align*}
$$

Factoring the $GCF=
(3x-2y)$ of the entire expression above results to

$$
begin{align*}
(3x-2y)(5x+y)
.end{align*}
$$

Step 4
4 of 7
d) Using the factoring of the difference of $2$ squares which is given by $a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b),$ the given
expression,
$(2x-y+1)^2-(x-y-2)^2
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
[(2x-y+1)+(x-y-2)][(2x-y+1)-(x-y-2)]
\&=
(2x-y+1+x-y-2)(2x-y+1-x+y+2)
\&=
(3x-2y-1)(x+3)
.end{align*}
$$

Step 5
5 of 7
e) Grouping the first and second terms and the third and fourth terms, the given expression, $5xy-10x-3y+6
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
(5xy-10x)-(3y-6)
.end{align*}
$$

Factoring the $GCF$ in each group results to

$$
begin{align*}
5x(y-2)-3(y-2)
.end{align*}
$$

Factoring the $GCF=
(y-2)$ of the entire expression above results to

$$
begin{align*}
(y-2)(5x-3)
.end{align*}
$$

Step 6
6 of 7
f) Grouping the last three terms, the given expression, $p^2-m^2+6m-9
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
p^2-(m^2-6m+9)
.end{align*}
$$

Since the last three terms form a perfect square trinomial, the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
p^2-(m-3)^2
.end{align*}
$$

Using the factoring of the difference of $2$ squares which is given by $a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b),$ the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
[p+(m-3)][p-(m-3)]
\&=
(p+m-3)(p-m+3)
.end{align*}
$$

Result
7 of 7
a) $m(m-1)$

b) $(x-3)(x-24)$

c) $(3x-2y)(5x+y)$

d) $(3x-2y-1)(x+3)$

e) $(y-2)(5x-3)$

f) $(p+m-3)(p-m+3)$

Exercise 6
Step 1
1 of 2
Grouping the first and second terms and the third and fourth terms, the given equation, $y=x^3-4x^2-x+4
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
y=(x^3-4x^2)-(x-4)
.end{align*}
$$

Factoring the $GCF,$ the equation above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
y&=x^2(x-4)-(x-4)
\
y&=(x-4)(x^2-1)
.end{align*}
$$

Using the factoring of the difference of $2$ squares which is given by $a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b),$ the equation above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
y&=(x-4)(x+1)(x-1)
.end{align*}
$$

Since the $x$-intercept is the value of $x$ when $y$ is zero, then

$$
begin{align*}
0&=(x-4)(x+1)(x-1)
.end{align*}
$$

Equating each factor to zero (Zero Product Property) and then solving for $x,$ then the $x$-intercepts are ${ -1,1,4 }
.$

Result
2 of 2
$x$-intercepts: ${ -1,1,4 }$
Exercise 7
Step 1
1 of 5
a) Multiplying by the reciprocal of the divisor, the given expression, $dfrac{4a^2b}{5ab^3}divdfrac{6a^2b}{35ab}
,$ is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{4a^2b}
{5ab^3}cdotdfrac{35ab}{6a^2b}
.end{align*}
$$

Cancelling the common factors between the numerator and the denominator, the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{cancel{2}cdot2cancel{a^2b}}
{cancel{5}cancel{a}cancel{b}(b^2)}cdotdfrac{cancel{5}(7)cancel{a}cancel{b}}{cancel{2}cdot3cancel{a^2b}}
\&=
dfrac{14}{3b^2}
.end{align*}
$$

Since the denominator cannot be equal to zero, then the simplified form and the restrictions of the given expression are $dfrac{14}{3b^2}
text{, }ane0text{, }bne0
.$

Step 2
2 of 5
b) The factored form of the given expression, $dfrac{x-2}{x^2-x-12}timesdfrac{2x-8}{x^2-4x+4}
,$ is

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{x-2}{(x-4)(x+3)}timesdfrac{2(x-4)}{(x-2)(x-2)}
.end{align*}
$$

Cancelling the common factors between the numerator and the denominator, the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{cancel{x-2}}{(cancel{x-4})(x+3)}timesdfrac{2(cancel{x-4})}{(cancel{x-2})(x-2)}
\&=
dfrac{2}{(x+3)(x-2)}
.end{align*}
$$

Since the denominator cannot be equal to zero, then the simplified form and the restrictions of the given expression are $dfrac{2}{(x+3)(x-2)}
text{, }xne{ -3,2,4 }
.$

Step 3
3 of 5
c) The factored form of the given expression, $dfrac{5}{t^2-7t-18}+dfrac{6}{t+2}
,$ is

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{5}{(t-9)(t+2)}+dfrac{6}{t+2}
.end{align*}
$$

Multiplying the fractions by an expression equal to $1$ which will make the denominators equal to the $LCD=
(t-9)(t+2)
,$ the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{5}{(t-9)(t+2)}+dfrac{6}{t+2}cdotdfrac{t-9}{t-9}
\&=
dfrac{5}{(t-9)(t+2)}+dfrac{6t-54}{(t-9)(t+2)}
.end{align*}
$$

Operating on the numerators and copying the common denominator,
the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{5+6t-54}{(t-9)(t+2)}
\\&=
dfrac{6t-49}{(t-9)(t+2)}
.end{align*}
$$

Since the denominator cannot be equal to zero, then the simplified form and the restrictions of the given expression are $dfrac{6t-49}{(t-9)(t+2)}
text{, }tne{ -2,9 }
.$

Step 4
4 of 5
d) The factored form of the given expression, $dfrac{4x}{6x^2+13x+6}-dfrac{3x}{4x^2-9}
,$ is

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{4x}{(3x+2)(2x+3)}-dfrac{3x}{(2x+3)(2x-3)}
.end{align*}
$$

Multiplying the fractions by an expression equal to $1$ which will make the denominators equal to the $LCD=
(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)
,$ the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{4x}{(3x+2)(2x+3)}cdotdfrac{2x-3}{2x-3}-dfrac{3x}{(2x+3)(2x-3)}cdotdfrac{3x+2}{3x+2}
\&=
dfrac{8x^2-12x}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}-dfrac{9x^2+6x}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}
.end{align*}
$$

Operating on the numerators and copying the common denominator,
the expression above is equivalent to

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{8x^2-12x-9x^2-6x}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}
\\&=
dfrac{-x^2-18x}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}
\\&=
dfrac{-x(x+18)}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}
.end{align*}
$$

Since the denominator cannot be equal to zero, then the simplified form and the restrictions of the given expression are $dfrac{-x(x+18)}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}
text{, }xneleft{ -dfrac{3}{2},-dfrac{2}{3},dfrac{3}{2} right}
.$

Result
5 of 5
a) $dfrac{14}{3b^2}
text{, }ane0text{, }bne0$

b) $dfrac{2}{(x+3)(x-2)}
text{, }xne{ -3,2,4 }$

c) $dfrac{6t-49}{(t-9)(t+2)}
text{, }tne{ -2,9 }$

d) $dfrac{-x(x+18)}{(3x+2)(2x+3)(2x-3)}
text{, }xneleft{ -dfrac{3}{2},-dfrac{2}{3},dfrac{3}{2} right}$

Exercise 8
Step 1
1 of 2
The functions are equivalent because both functions simply to the same expression. You could further proof this statement is correct by graphing the two functions. Since they are the same they would lie on top of one another and you would only see one curve.
Result
2 of 2
Yes
Exercise 9
Step 1
1 of 2
Let $a,$ $a+1,$ and $a+2$ be the consecutive numbers. Then,

$$
begin{align*}
&
dfrac{1}{a}+dfrac{1}{a+1}+dfrac{1}{a+2}
\\&=
dfrac{(a+1)(a+2)+a(a+2)+a(a+1)}{a(a+1)(a+2)}
\\&=
dfrac{(a^2+3a+2)+(a^2+2a)+(a^2+a)}{a(a+1)(a+2)}
\\&=
dfrac{3a^2+6a+2}{a(a+1)(a+2)}
text{ (Expression $1$)}
.end{align*}
$$

Three times the product of the first and third denominators, plus $2$ results to the expression

$$
begin{align*}
&
3(a)(a+2)+2
\&=
3a^2+6a+2
text{ (Expression $2$)}
.end{align*}
$$

Since the numerator of Expression $1$ is the same as Expression $2,$ and the denominator of the sum is the product of the three denominators, then Roman’s conjecture is true.

Result
2 of 2
TRUE
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Functions
Page 2: Getting Started
Section 1-1: Relations and Functions
Section 1-2: Function Notation
Section 1-3: Exploring Properties of Parent Functions
Section 1-4: Determining the Domain and Range of a Function
Section 1-5: The Inverse Function and Its Properties
Section 1-6: Exploring Transformations of Parent Functions
Section 1-7: Investigating Horizontal Stretches, Compressions, and Reflections
Section 1-8: Using Transformations to Graph Functions of the Form y 5 af [k(x 2 d)] 1 c
Page 78: Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 2: Equivalent Algebraic Expressions
Page 82: Getting Started
Section 2-1: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Section 2-2: Multiplying Polynomials
Section 2-3: Factoring Polynomials
Section 2-4: Simplifying Rational Functions
Section 2-5: Exploring Graphs of Rational Functions
Section 2-6: Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
Section 2-7: Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
Page 134: Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 3: Quadratic Functions
Page 138: Getting Started
Section 3-1: Properties of Quadratic Functions
Section 3-2: Determining Maximum and Minimum Values of a Quadratic Function
Section 3-3: The Inverse of a Quadratic Function
Section 3-4: Operations with Radicals
Section 3-5: Quadratic Function Models: Solving Quadratic Equations
Section 3-6: The Zeros of a Quadratic Function
Section 3-7: Families of Quadratic Functions
Section 3-8: Linear-Quadratic Systems
Page 204: Chapter Self-Test
Page 206: Cumulative Review
Page 167: Check Your Understanding
Page 170: Practice Questions
Page 198: Check Your Understanding
Page 202: Practice Questions
Chapter 4: Exponential Functions
Page 212: Getting Started
Section 4-1: Exploring Growth and Decay
Section 4-2: Working with Integer Exponents
Section 4-3: Working with Rational Exponents
Section 4-4: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Involving Exponents
Section 4-5: Exploring the Properties of Exponential Functions
Section 4-6: Transformations of Exponential Functions
Section 4-7: Applications Involving Exponential Functions
Page 270: Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 5: Trigonometric Ratios
Page 274: Getting Started
Section 5-1: Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angles
Section 5-2: Evaluating Trigonometric Ratios for Special Angles
Section 5-3: Exploring Trigonometric Ratios for Angles Greater than 90°
Section 5-4: Evaluating Trigonometric Ratios for Any Angle Between 0° and 360°
Section 5-5: Trigonometric Identities
Section 5-6: The Sine Law
Section 5-7: The Cosine Law
Section 5-8: Solving Three-Dimensional Problems by Using Trigonometry
Page 340: Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 6: Sinusoidal Functions
Page 344: Getting Started
Section 6-1: Periodic Functions and Their Properties
Section 6-2: Investigating the Properties of Sinusoidal Functions
Section 6-3: Interpreting Sinusoidal Functions
Section 6-4: Exploring Transformations of Sinusoidal Functions
Section 6-5: Using Transformations to Sketch the Graphs of Sinusoidal Functions
Section 6-6: Investigating Models of Sinusoidal Functions
Section 6-7: Solving Problems Using Sinusoidal Models
Page 406: Chapter Self-Test
Page 408: Cumulative Review
Chapter 7: Discrete Functions: Sequences and Series
Page 414: Getting Started
Section 7-1: Arithmetic Sequences
Section 7-2: Geometric Sequences
Section 7-3: Creating Rules to Define Sequences
Section 7-4: Exploring Recursive Sequences
Section 7-5: Arithmetic Series
Section 7-6: Geometric Series
Section 7-7: Pascal’s Triangle and Binomial Expansions
Page 470: Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 8: Discrete functions: Financial Applications
Page 474: Getting Started
Section 8-1: Simple Interest
Section 8-2: Compound Interest: Future Value
Section 8-3: Compound Interest: Present Value
Section 8-4: Annuities: Future Value
Section 8-5: Annuities: Present Value
Section 8-6: Using Technology to Investigate Financial Problems
Page 536: Chapter Self-Test
Page 538: Cumulative Review