Home Page Textbooks Prentice Hall Biology (California) Section 5.3: Human Population Growth

Prentice Hall Biology (California)

1st Edition

Kenneth R. Miller, Levine

ISBN: 9780132013529

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Section 5.3: Human Population Growth

Exercise 1

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For the past 20,000 to 100,000 years or more, the growth of the population can be described as *gradually slow*. However, just about 500 years ago the human population started to grow exponentially and increased abruptly. The growth rate only slowed during the second half of the twentieth century.

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But all in all, we can say that there is a continuous growth in the human population, whether at a slower rate or a faster rate.

Exercise 2

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**Population growth** is the increase in the number of organisms or individuals in a given population at a specific period.

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The variation in the rates of populations in different countries can be due to the differences in natality, mortality, and age structures of individuals.

Exercise 3

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**Demography** is generally defined as the study of human populations. The term demography is derived from the Greek word “*demos*” which means “the people”, and the suffix “-*graphy*” which refers to a “field of study”.

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Demography deals with the statistical analysis of human populations and attempts to explain how these populations would change over time based of several factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migrations.

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Demography is important in determining the growth rate of human populations in a country. It can predict why some populations are growing rapidly while others grow more slowly. It also deals with the age structure of the population.

Exercise 4

Solution 1

Solution 2

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**Demographic transition** is a long-term phenomenon of declining birth and death rates. This trend can transform the age structure, hence, changing the age distribution of a given population

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Demographic transition can happen in $underline{text{three stages:}}$

**Stage 1:** A country has a high rate of natality and mortality
**Stage 2:** The rate of mortality stops, but the rate of natality remains high.
**Stage 3:** The natality falls to meet the mortality rate.

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The demographic transition is a dramatic change in birth and death rates.

At first, both the death rate and the birthrate are high.

The transition begins when the death rate drops while the birthrate remains high, creating a population “boom.”

Near the end of this transition, the birthrate also decreases. The demographic transition is complete when the birthrate falls to meet the death rate, and population growth stops.

Exercise 5

Result

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Age-structure diagrams show the age and gender groups in a population. This allows demographers to predict the future population growth by determining the following:

1. Percentage of the female population
Since females are able to reproduce, demographers can predict the birth rate in the future.

2. Percentage of children, teen, and adult population
If there are more children and teens than adults, demographers may predict that the population will surely grow twice its size after a few decades or once the younger population matures.

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Section 5.3: Human Population Growth

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