Home Page Textbooks Prentice Hall Biology (California) Section 4.1: The Role of Climate

Prentice Hall Biology (California)

1st Edition

Kenneth R. Miller, Levine

ISBN: 9780132013529

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Section 4.1: The Role of Climate

Exercise 1

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The greenhouse effect is a natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases.

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Look over the previous section (section 4-1) in your textbook.

The atmospheric gasses act like glass windows in a greenhouse. The windows in the greenhouse keep the plants on the inside warm, just like the gasses trap the heat from sunlight in the Earth’s atmosphere

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Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gasses trap heat energy and maintain the Earth’s temperature range. This natural situation is called the greenhouse effect.

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The **greenhouse effect** is a phenomenon in which the heat energy from the sun is trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.

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A greenhouse works by trapping heat from the sun in an area, which keeps the inside warm even during winter. A greenhouse is used to keep growing plants warm during the cold weather.

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Similar to how a greenhouse works, greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the temperature of the Earth to rise. This is why the phenomenon is called the *greenhouse* effect.

Exercise 2

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The three main climate zones in the Earth are the following:

1. Polar zone – It is located between $66.5^{circ}$ and $90^{circ}$ North and South latitudes. Areas in this zone have cold temperature. North and South poles are in the polar zone.

2. Temperate zone – It is located between polar zone and tropic zone. The climate in this area ranges from hot to cold and consists of different seasons.

3. Tropical zone – It is located near the equator. This zone lies between $23.5^{circ}$ North and $23.5^{circ}$ South latitudes. In general, countries in this zone experience a warm climate.

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The earths three main climate zones are

1)polar zone : this is the area to get the least amount of sun, because the sun rays strike here at a very low angle. These zones are located at the north and south pole, between $65.5^{circ}$ and $90^{circ}$ north and south lattitudes

2)Temperate zone : is between the tropical zone and the polar zone. The angle of the sun in this zone changes throughout the year creating different seasons.

Tropical Zone: this zone is located near or around the equater. The climate is always warm because this zone receives direct sunlight. Tropical zone is located between $23.5^{circ}$ and $23.5^{circ}$ north and south lattitudes

Exercise 3

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**Climate** is the average condition of a certain location and it is defined by the average yearly temperature and precipitation patterns.

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It is determined by the solar energy that is trapped in the biosphere, latitude, and the travel of heat by winds and ocean currents.

Exercise 4

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(1) The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air create air currents that move heat through the atmosphere. (2) In upwelling, cold water in oceans near the poles sinks and then flows parallel to the ocean bottom, then rising again in the warmer regions.

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Two ways in which heat is transported in the biosphere is Winds and Ocean currents

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There are two major ways in which heat is transported throughout the biosphere. One way is through *wind currents*, while the other way is through *ocean (water) currents*.

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Heat can be transported in the biosphere as warm air rises and cold air sinks in the atmosphere. This may create winds that can transfer warm air throughout many places in the biosphere.

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Heat can also be transported in water currents. Similar to the wind, warm water rises while cold water sinks. This may create ocean currents that carry warm water throughout the biosphere.

Exercise 5

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Birds may change their geographical location in order to find a warmer climate. Variation of the climate may cause the bird to move to that region just for that specific season.

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It may be possible that variations in climate and temperature may result in the presence of species in areas they are not supposed to live in. One example would be some species of birds.

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Many species of birds are adapted to warm climates. If the climate of their original habitat had changed, such as becoming colder, the birds may decide to migrate towards a warmer area.

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Conversely, it may also be possible that an area that was originally cold in terms of climate might have changed to a warmer one. This would allow foreign species of birds to live in that area.

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Section 4.1: The Role of Climate

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