A- It is formed of six fused segments.
B- It is enclosed in a structure called head capsule that is made up of a number of fused sclerites which have sutures in-between.
C- It carries:
– One pair of compound eye.
one pair of antenna; consists of three parts, Scape, Pedicle and Flagellum.
– Mouth parts: which consists of llabrum, two maxillae, labium and hypopharynx.

A- The thorax is composed of three segments named prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax.
B- The skeleton of each segment consists of:
– dorsal plate (tergite), aventral plate (sternite) and two lateral membranous structure (pleurites).
C- Legs Each thorax segment carrie a pair of walking legs and hence the name of hexapoda.
– each leg formed typically of five parts; coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus.
D- wings:The fore pair of wings arise from the mesothorax but the hind pair of wings emerge from the metathorax.

A- The abdomen is typically made up of 11 segments. The last segment is usually much reduced thus, the number of apparent segments rarely exceeds 10.
B- each segment formed of tergite, sternite and two pleurites.
C- The abdomen is limless
D- carries some appendages: cerciand external genitalia.

**Metamorphosis** is the life cycle of insects. This process describes the changes that happen in their shape and form as they undergo growth and development. Metamorphosis can either be incomplete or complete.

**Incomplete metamorphosis** is characterized by having small immature insect forms called **nymphs**. These nymphs appear to be very similar to the adult species only that they lack functional structures such as sexual organs and wings. As the nymphs continue to grow and molt, they will then gradually acquire adult structures and develop into full-grown adult insects.

**Complete metamorphosis** on the other hand, undergo a more *dramatic* process and change in the body form of the insect. Those animals that undergo complete metamorphosis release or hatch larval species that look 100% different from their adult parent into an environment where they will grow and mature. The larvae will then develop and change their form into a **pupa**– the last stage of transition from larvae stage to adult stage. During the pupal stage, the body is in complete remodeling inside and out

The adult will then come out like a completely different animal. Very different from its larval stage. It has now a complete organ system including the reproductive system and structures needed to fly.

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Leaf-cutter ants have organized themselves into an unique society. In their society, there are many workers who gather food, soldiers that guard the nest, minor workers who grow fungus for food, and one queen whose job is to mate and lay eggs.

Insects communicate through chemical signals referred to as **pheromones**. These chemical substances have an effect on the behavior and development of other insect individuals of the same species. Some pheromones are used for reproduction, some are to signal danger, and some are to signal the presence of food in the environment.

**Honeybees** have a very sophisticated communication system using complex dance movements and pheromones. Worker bees are able to communicate with each other about the type, quality, and location of food sources through their specific *dancing styles*. There are two known dance styles among honeybees and they are the **round dance** and **waggle dance**.

The **round dance** indicates that the food source is fairly near and close to the troupe, hence the bee will create a circular motion first one way and then the other over and over again. On the other hand, the **waggling dance** indicates that the food is far away from the group, but it also indicates the direction of the nutrition source. In this dance, the bee will circle one way, then run in a straight line, then circle again on the other way. The greater number of waggles, the farther away is the location of the food source.

The compound eyes of a fly help it keep track of quick moving objects. This is the fly’s adaptation to spot flies during the mating season and to detect predators. This is why flies are very difficult to catch or swat because they have quick responses which help them escape.