**Flowering plants** are vascular types of plants that produce flowers and fruits. Flowering plants, like cone-bearing plants, produce seeds for their reproduction. The scientific name for these plants is angiosperms

The **fruit** that houses the seed of these plant species is produced because as the seeds mature, the ovary walls of the plant will grow and thicken enclosing the developing seeds.

Seeds dispersed by animals normally have a fleshy fruit covering it and the seed itself is hard enough to survive the digestive juices of the animals stomach. While seeds dispersed by wind is typically light enough to blow in the wind or float on water. They may also have wing like structures to help them glide in the wind.

Dormancy allows the seed the opportunity to wait until external conditions (moisture and temperature) are ideal before the seed germinates.

see explanation for solution

Given that the bishop pine grows in an environment where forest fires are regular occurrences. The bishop pine seed senses that the fire is over and its time germinates. The environment of ash-covered dirt is an ideal fertilizer for the bishop pine. the bishop has adapted to its environment.

Since the soil in the vacant lot has been badly compacted due to the construction and the building that was once built on it, only plants with resilient root systems are able to penetrate the nutrient-poor soil. In this case, seeds that have hard-coating and able to undergo dormancy can grow in this kind of condition. The hard coat of the seeds prevent them from germinating easily. Seeds can go dormant for a time until the soil has an ideal temperature, moisture, and oxygen level.