Home Page Textbooks Prentice Hall Biology (California) Section 19.3: Diseases Caused By Bacteria and Viruses

Prentice Hall Biology (California)

1st Edition

Kenneth R. Miller, Levine

ISBN: 9780132013529

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Section 19.3: Diseases Caused By Bacteria and Viruses

Exercise 1

Solution 1

Solution 2

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For food

Bacteria break down cells and tissues of the human body to use for their food source

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releases toxins

the toxins travel throughout the body via the bloodstream. It destroys tissues

Result

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please see explanation

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Exercise 2

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One of the methods of preventing bacterial growth in food is through **refrigeration** or **freezing**. Cold temperatures prevent bacterial cells from growing, which helps prevent food spoilage.

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Another method of preventing bacterial growth in food is **cooking** or **heating**. The application of heat such as boiling, steaming, or frying can effectively kill most bacterial cells in food.

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Lastly, the use of preservative methods such as **pickling** also helps in preventing the growth of bacteria in food. These methods inhibit bacterial growth by creating a harsh environment.

Exercise 3

Result

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A virus can affect a body by producing a viral infection. Viruses attack the cells in the body and causes a disruption in the normal cell processes such as its growth and development. As a result, the body fails to perform its normal function and becomes ill.

Exercise 4

Result

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Viroids usually infect plants. They have a single RNA strand that lacks a protein coat. Once they enter the cell of the host, they make new viroids that destroy the plant’s metabolism and its other cell processes.

Exercise 5

Solution 1

Solution 2

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No, infection has started

Vaccination works best if given before an infection has started. It will be better to take some antibiotics.

Result

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Vaccines are used as a *preventive* measure against an infection. It stimulates our immune system to mount a stronger defense against a *future* infection, but it takes time to do this.

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Therefore, vaccines cannot be used as a cure when an infection has started. Since the protection provided by a vaccine takes some time, it is not effective against an ongoing infection.

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Instead of vaccination, a person who already has bacterial infection should ask for *antibiotics*. These drugs are more effective in dealing with specific bacteria in an ongoing infection.

Exercise 6

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The role of epidemiologists is to identify causes of disease and also determine who are at risk of the disease. They help in tracking down and preventing diseases within the community.

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On the other hand, scientists who study viruses determine the very nature of the virus such as how they cause disease. They also work in creating vaccines and drugs against viruses.

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Therefore, epidemiologists track down the causes of disease, while scientists work in determining how the infectious agents work and creating countermeasures against them. This is how they work together in investigating infectious diseases including viral diseases.

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Section 19.3: Diseases Caused By Bacteria and Viruses

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