Home Page Textbooks Prentice Hall Biology (California) Section 18.2: Modern Evolutionary Classification

Prentice Hall Biology (California)

1st Edition

Kenneth R. Miller, Levine

ISBN: 9780132013529

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Section 18.2: Modern Evolutionary Classification

Exercise 1

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It allows animals to e classified based on evolutionary descent and not only on physical attributes

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Information on phylogenetic relationships allows scientists to classify organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry. This means that organisms are grouped together based on shared common ancestry rather than physical characteristics.

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Classifying organisms based on evolutionary descent is more convenient that classifying them based on physical appearance alone. This is because it allows scientists to study how modern species have arisen from ancient organisms.

Exercise 2

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Through the help of determining the genetic information of organisms, it allows the scientific community to point out their striking similarities and differences on a molecular level. This also allows them to identify the possible evolutionary relationship between organisms.

Exercise 3

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Cladistic analysis is the study of new characteristics that arise from the lineage of the organisms evolution.

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The basic principle behind cladistics is that the members of a group called a “clade” share a common evolutionary history. This means that they are more closely related to each other than to other organisms that are not part of their clade.

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The classification of clades is based on the presence of unique traits or features that are shared among its members. These features are known as “derived traits” which can only be found among members of a clade, but not in distant ancestors or other organisms.

Exercise 4

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The gene that indicates a common ancestral relationship between humans and yeasts is the myosin gene. This gene is responsible for coding myosin which is an important protein found in the muscles.

Exercise 5

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Evolutionary time and gene similarity are relatively connected with each other. If two species have the same DNA sequence in their genes, this indicates that they are sharing a common ancestor. In this case, if two species are closely related in terms of their genetic makeup, it would mean that their evolutionary histories are closely related to each other.

An example of this would be the wings of the bird and the flipper of a whale. They both share a common trait because their wings and flippers are homologous to each other even when they are physically different. These structures both resemble a forelimb in terms of its internal structure. Their similarity in having this trait shares a common evolutionary history with animals that have forelimbs.

Exercise 6

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A crab belongs to the phylum Arthropoda and subphylum Crustacea, which makes it a crustacean. On the other hand, a limpet is an aquatic snail that belongs to the phylum Mollusca. Since barnacle is a type of crustacean under the phylum Arthropoda; hence, a barnacle is distantly related to crabs. Therefore, if a barnacle and a crab are both classified under the same phylum, the DNA of a barnacle can have more similarities to the genetic material found in crabs than the ones found in limpets.

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Section 18.2: Modern Evolutionary Classification

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