Nelson Science Perspectives 10
Nelson Science Perspectives 10
1st Edition
Christy C. Hayhoe, Doug Hayhoe, Jeff Major, Maurice DiGiuseppe
ISBN: 9780176355289
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Section 3-2: Stem Cells and Cellular Differentiation

Exercise 1
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The digestive tract is composed of the mouth that becomes the inlet of food. Digestion of carbohydrates start in the mouth. The chewed food is then swallowed. It travels through the esophagus to the stomach. Food specially proteins are digested in the stomach. The partially digested food is passed to the small intestines. Carbohydrates are digested in the small intestines. At the end of the small intestines, the digested food is absorbed into the blood stream while the undigested matter is pushed in to the large intestines. Large intestines reabsorb excess water from the undigested matter as it travels to the anus. The undigested matter is defecated out as stool via the anus.
Result
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The digestive tract is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines and anus.
Exercise 2
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Food is consumed by living organisms to give them energy to carry out their day to day activities. This food can only become useful if it is converted to a form where it can easily be absorbed by the blood. Digestion of food is necessary to break it down to a form that can be absorbed by the blood to give energy to the living being.
Result
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Digestion of food is necessary to break it down to a form that can be absorbed by the blood to give energy to the living being.
Exercise 3
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Enzymes present in the saliva of the mouth and the small intestines aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, while gastric juices in the stomach digest proteins. Fats in food are digested by enzymes supplied by liver called bile. Mucus is added in different parts of the digestive tracts to ease the mobility of food via the tract.
Result
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Enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and mucus for moving the food along the tract is added to the food in different parts of the tract.
Exercise 4
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Smooth muscle tissues are responsible for pushing the food along the digestive tract.
Exercise 5
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Consuming contaminated food or food that has gone bad can cause the digestive tract to react. This reaction is an effort to expel the toxins from the body either via the mouth as vomit or via the anus as diarrhea. Some toxins cause the large intestines to malfunction and temporarily loose their ability to reabsorb water from undigested matter resulting in loose stools. Diarrhea can therefore immediately cause weakness and dizziness to the its patient because water leaving the body with stools is also rich in minerals and its waste causes an ionic imbalance in the body.
Result
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Consuming contaminated food or food that has gone bad can cause the digestive tract to react. This reaction is an effort to expel the toxins from the body either via the mouth as vomit or via the anus as diarrhea.
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