Nelson Science Perspectives 10
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780176355289
Textbook solutions
All Solutions
Section 12-7: Phenomena Related to Refraction
Exercise 1
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Solution 2
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$textit{a.}$, Apparent depth is depth of the object which is placed in medium with larger density seen from the medium with smaller density.
$textit{b.}$, It is caused by refraction of the light where rays of light are being bent due to the change of speed while entering the medium with different density.
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$textit{a.}$, Apparent depth is depth of the object which is placed in medium with larger density seen from the medium with smaller density.
$textit{b}$, It is caused by the refraction which occurs when speed of light ray is changing when the object enters medium with a different density.
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a. The term apparent depth means the depth of a water body (or glass slab) as seen from its top. This is shallower than the actual depth.
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b. This phenomenon is caused by the refraction of light. Light rays bend towards their normals on entering an optically denser medium, the eye sees the bent light rays and assumes that, that is where the (submerged object) or depth is.
Exercise 2
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The apparent depth of the fish as the eye sees it, is actually slightly above it. This is because of the refraction of light reflecting of the fish’s body. Therefore, the scoop should be deeper than where the fish “appears” to be, in order to catch it.
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Scoop has to be deeper in the water than the fish appears to be since; because of the apparent depth at which fish is seen, but is actually a little above it.
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Scoop has to be deeper due to the apparent depth.
Exercise 3
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The index of refraction is the measure of how fast the speed of light is in the vacuum with respect to the other medium. For example if the refractive index of glass is 1.5, then this implies that light travels 1.5 times faster in a vacuum than glass. Therefore the faster the speed of light in a medium, the smaller the value of the index of refraction and vice versa. This implies that if the index of refraction is decreasing in warm air that means light travels faster in warm air, than cold air.
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Light travels faster in warm air, than cold air.
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Index of refraction measures speed of light in vacuum with respect to the other medium. (value of index of refraction shows by how much is speed in vacuum greater than in the medium with that index).
Therefore, the smaller value of index of refraction is the faster speed of light in medium will be and vice versa which later implies that index of refraction decreases in warm air which means that light travels faster in warm air than in the cold air.
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Light travels faster in warm air than in the cold air.
Exercise 4
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The mirage showing a pool of water on the highway is actually the reflection of the sky in the layers of moist air on the highway.
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We are actually looking at the reflection of the sky which in the layers of moist air on the surface of highway.
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Reflection of the sky in the layers of moist air on the highway.
Exercise 5
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Since both violet and red are travelling at the same speed, but have different wavelengths, we can conclude that refraction depends on the wavelength. (waves with shorter wavelength will bend more).
Since violet has shorter wavelength it will bend more and vice versa.
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This happens because they differ in wavelength, violet has shorter wavelength, therefore, it will bend more.
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Red and violet lights are 2 wavelengths of light traveling with the same speed. Here the bending of light depends on the wavelengths of these 2 light. Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light and therefore bends less as compared to the violet light with a shorter wavelength which bends more.
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Violet light has a shorter wavelength and therefore bends more than the longer wavelength red light.
Exercise 6
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As light enters the body of the raindrop, it refracts because of entering an optically denser medium light disperses in this step to yield its seven colors. This refracted light travels via the body of the raindrop to reach its other end where it will exit the raindrop and re-enter air. Here, a part of this light and internally reflected and part of it is refracted in the air. These three processes create the rainbow.
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When ray of light enters raindrop it refracts and there is a dispersion as well, when it strikes back of the drop it will partially reflect, and when it exits the drop it refracts again.
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Refraction, dispersion, reflection and refraction again.
Exercise 7
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Rainbows are formed because of the dispersion of light. This happens when light enters the raindrop(s). Dispersion of light occurs because light is composed of different wavelengths of different colors, each of which has a slightly different progression on entering an optically denser medium. Therefore, formation of rainbows is impossible if the progression of different colors of light did not change for different colors in a raindrop.
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No.
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Rainbow will not form if the speed of light did not change for different colours in a raindrop since process at which rainbow is formed is a diffusion, and since white light consists colours with different wavelengths each of them will have a slightly different progression while entering the new medium, therefore it will be impossible for rainbow to be formed without change in speed.
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Rainbow cannot be formed in that case, there has to be change in speed due to diffusion.
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