Nelson Science Perspectives 10
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780176355289
Textbook solutions
All Solutions
Section 13-5: Lens Applications
Exercise 1
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Purpose of focusing in camera lens is to obtain sharper real image of the object on the screen.
Since the screen in camera is stationary which means that it cannot be moved, lens is made to move focus which will sharpen image on the screen.
Process itself is named: focusing and it is important for obtaining the sharp images.
Result
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Purpose is to obtain sharpness of real images of the object on the screen.
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The purpose of focusing in a camera lens is to obtain a sharp real image of the object on the screen. In cameras, this screen is stationary and therefore can not move, the lens, itself is then made to move to focus a sharp image on the screen. This process is called focusing and is essential to obtain sharp images.
Result
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The purpose of focusing in a camera lens is to obtain a sharp real image of the object on the screen.
Exercise 2
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Three technologies that are being use in order to capture image are: shutter speed, aperture and ISO.
Shutter speed controls how fast will the lens open or close.
Aperture controls how wide the lens will be open in order to let the rays of light in.
ISO controls the speed at which will memory of the camera capture the image.
Result
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Those are: shutter speed which controls how fast will the lens open or close, aperture, which controls how wide will the lens open or close and ISO which controls the speed at which will memory of the camera capture the image.
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Cameras work on the principal of real images formed by a converging lens is the object is placed beyond 2F of the converging lens. The real images formed are captured on either a glass plate covered with light sensitive material, a photographic film (invented by George Eastman in 1884) or on a semiconducting device known as the charged couple device; CCD.
Exercise 3
Solution 1
Solution 2
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$textit{a.}$, Film strip in a movie projector is never located beyond $2F’$ of a converging lens, because objects which are placed in that location since the image which is formed is smaller in size than object and actual purpose of a projector is to magnify not to reduce the size.
Step 2
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$textit{b.}$, Film strip is always placed between $F$ and $2F$, so the image which is formed will be larger than the actual object.
Result
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$textit{a.}$, It is never located beyond $2F’$ since the image which is formed will be smaller in size than the actual object.
$textit{b.}$, It is always placed between $F$ and $2F$.
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a. Objects located beyond 2F in front of a converging lens form images that are smaller in size than the object. The purpose of a projector is to magnify and not reduce in size.
Step 2
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b. The film strip is therefore, never placed beyond 2F but always between F and 2F to create an image that is larger and magnified in size than the object.
Result
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Exercise 4
Solution 1
Solution 2
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The image seen on a movie screen in not inverted even though is it real in nature because in this specific case, the object (the actual movie source) is inverted. The real image formed is the inverted image of the inverted object and therefore upright in attitude.
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Image that we see on the screen in movie theatre is not inverted since the source of the movie, projector, is inverted so it will invert image which is already inverted, which will make it an upright image.
Result
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Because projector is inverted and it will invert image which is already inverted which will give an upright image as a result.
Exercise 5
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Object in a magnifying glass has to be located between $F’$ and lens since the virtual images that are formed have to be larger in size than the actual object, on the same side of the lens where the object is and upright and converging lens can only produces such images if the actual object is placed in that location.
Result
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Object has to placed in that location since only then converging lens can form images which are larger in size.
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Magnifying glasses need to create virtual images of objects placed in front of them which are magnified (larger in size), on the same side of the lens as the object and upright in attitude. Converging lens can only produce such images if the object is placed within their focal length F, and therefore objects are placed between the lens and F’ of the lens in magnifying glass.
Exercise 6
Solution 1
Solution 2
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The real image produced by these two optical devices is formed within the body/tube of the devices and therefore invisible to the human eye. This however becomes the object of the final virtual image formed.
Result
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The real image produced by these two optical devices is formed within the body/tube of the devices and therefore invisible to the human eye.
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Real image which is produces by these two optical devices will be formed within the tube of the devices which makes it invisible for the human eye, but this image becomes an object of the final virtual image which can be seen.
Result
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Real image which is produces by these two optical devices will be formed within the tube of the devices which makes it invisible for the human eye.
Exercise 7
Solution 1
Solution 2
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begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l}
cline{1-3}
& Compound microscope & telescope & \ cline{1-3}
image & begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}one real (invisible to the human eye) and \ one virtual (visible to the human eye)\ larger than actual objectend{tabular} & begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}one real (invisible to the human eye) and \ one virtual (visible to the human eye)\ larger than actual object and formed in infinityend{tabular} & \ cline{1-3}
location of the image & within the focal length of the eyepiece lens & on the focal length & \ cline{1-3}
end{tabular}
cline{1-3}
& Compound microscope & telescope & \ cline{1-3}
image & begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}one real (invisible to the human eye) and \ one virtual (visible to the human eye)\ larger than actual objectend{tabular} & begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}one real (invisible to the human eye) and \ one virtual (visible to the human eye)\ larger than actual object and formed in infinityend{tabular} & \ cline{1-3}
location of the image & within the focal length of the eyepiece lens & on the focal length & \ cline{1-3}
end{tabular}
Result
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Images which are formed are both real and virtual larger than the object, but in case of telescope it is formed in infinity.
Image is formed within the focal length in the keys of compound microscope and on the focal length in the case of telescope.
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A compound microscope and a telescope both have an eyepiece and an objective lens. Both of them form one real image which is invisible to the human eye and one virtual image which is visible to the human eye.
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The difference is that the real image formed by the objective lens in the case of the compound microscope, is within the focal length of the eyepiece lens and therefore its virtual image is larger than the object, where by the real image formed by the objective lens in the case of the telescope, is on the focal length of the eyepiece lens and therefore its virtual image is large and formed at infinity.
Exercise 8
Solution 1
Solution 2
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$textit{a.}$, Images which are produced by refractive telescope are inverted in nature which makes them unsuitable for viewing objects on earth.
Step 2
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$textit{b.}$, Third lens in the terrestrial telescopes is used to invert already inverted image so that it will become upright in attitude.
Result
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$textit{a.}$, Images are inverted in nature, but this can be solved by adding a third lens which will invert already inverted image.
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a. Images produced by refractive telescopes are inverted in nature and therefore not suitable for viewing objects on earth.
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b. This problem of inverted images formed by refractive telescopes is overcame in terrestrial telescopes by using an extra lens. This third lens is used to invert the “inverted” image so that it becomes upright in attitude.
Result
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