Home Page Textbooks Nelson Science Perspectives 10 Section 13-1: Writing a Critical Analysis

Nelson Science Perspectives 10

1st Edition

Christy C. Hayhoe, Doug Hayhoe, Jeff Major, Maurice DiGiuseppe

ISBN: 9780176355289

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Section 13-1: Writing a Critical Analysis

Exercise 1

Solution 1

Solution 2

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The knowledge of lenses is important because they are employed all around us in devices like microscopes, binoculars and cameras, etc. Without the knowledge of these lenses, the working operation/principal of these devices can not be understood.

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Knowledge of lenses is important since they are involved in construction of many devices we are using such as cameras, microscopes, telescopes etc, not just glasses.

Result

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It is important since lenses are involved in construction of many devices we are using, not just glasses.

Exercise 2

Solution 1

Solution 2

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$textit{a.}$, Converging lens converges a parallel beam of light, which is entering it, into one single point which is called “focus”.

Exercise scan

Step 2

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$textit{b.}$, Diverging lens spreads parallel beam of light on one of its surface and rays diverge on the other side of the lens in the point of the focus on the incident side of the lens.

Exercise scan

Result

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$textit{a.}$, Converging lens converges a parallel beam of light, which is entering it, into one single point which is called “focus”.

$textit{b.}$, Diverging lens spreads parallel beam of light on one of its surface and rays diverge on the other side of the lens in the point of the focus on the incident side of the lens.

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A converging lens or a convex lens “converges” a parallel beam of light falling on one of its surface, on to a single point; its focus on the other side of the lens. Diagram: Exercise scan

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A diverging lens or a concave lens “diverges” a parallel beam of light falling on one of its surface. The light rays diverge on the other side of the lens from the point of the focus on the incident side of the lens. Diagram: Exercise scan

Result

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Exercise 3

Solution 1

Solution 2

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$textit{a.}$, Two refraction occur when a light ray travels travels through a lens.

First it refracts towards the normal while it enters optically denser medium which is glass of the lens and the location is entrance into the lens, second one occurs when light ray exits the glass and enters less dense medium which is the air, the location is exit of the denser medium.

$textit{b.}$, Since Ray diagrams are easier to draw and to understand behaviour of light, number of refraction is reduced to one.

Result

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$textit{a.}$, There are two refraction, one when light ray enters the lens and one when it exits it.
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$textit{b.}$, Number of refraction is reduced to one since the Ray diagrams are easier to draw and understand behaviour of light.

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a. Two refractions occur when light passes via a lens. First light is refracted towards the normal on entering the optically denser medium, the glass and then again when it is leaving the glass body and entering in air again by refracting away from the air.

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b. Ray diagrams are easier to draw and easier to understand the behavior of light with lenses and therefore the number of refractions are reduced to one.

Result

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Exercise 4

Solution 1

Solution 2

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No lens has more than one focus and therefore no converging lens has more than one focus. It is important to understand here that every lens has two foci, one on either of its side and they are equidistant from the center of the lens. It can not happen that for a single lens, one focus in 5 cm from the center of the lens while the other is 4 cm.

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Lenses have two focuses, each on the two sides of the mirror.

Converging lens can have more than one focus depending on where the object is and focuses have to have same distance from the centre.

Result

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Yes it can.

Exercise 5

Solution 1

Solution 2

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Converging lens is thick in the middle and thin along the edges and diverging lens is thin in the middle and thick along the edges.

Result

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Converging lens is thick in the middle and thin along the edges and diverging lens is thin in the middle and thick along the edges.

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A converging lens is thick near the center and thin along the edges while a diverging lens is thin in the center and thick near the edges and this is how you can tell them apart just be looking and feeling them.

Exercise 6

Solution 1

Solution 2

Step 1

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a. The principal foci are present on both sides of the converging lens. They are equidistant from the center of the lens on its either sides. A parallel beam of light entering the lens from its left side converges to the focus on its right side while a parallel beam of light entering the lens from its right side converges to the focus on its left side.

Step 2

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b. The principal foci are present on both sides of the diverging lens. They are equidistant from the center of the lens on its either sides. A parallel beam of light entering the lens from its left side seem to diverge on the other side of the lens, from the focus on its left side while a parallel beam of light entering the lens from its right side seem to diverge on the other side of the lens, from the focus on its right side.

Step 3

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c. A converging lens converges or gathers a beam of light to a single point on its focus while a diverging lens diverges or spreads a beam of light.

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$textit{a.}$, Principal focus is placed on the both sides of the converging lens.

Their distance from the centre is equal on the both sides.

Parallel incident ray of light on the left side will converge into the focus on the right side and vice versa.

$textit{b.}$, Principal focus of a diverging lens is located on the both sides of the converging lens.

Distance from the centre is equal on the both sides.

Parallel incident ray of light on the left side will diverge into the focus on the left side and vice versa.

$textit{c.}$, Diverging lens differ from converging lens because of the image which is formed and because diverging lens spreads a beam of light and converging one focuses them.

Result

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$textit{a.}$, It is placed on the both sides of the converging lens.

$textit{b.}$, It is placed on the both sides of the diverging lens.

$textit{c.}$, Images which are formed are different and converging lens focuses beam of light, while diverging spreads them.

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Section 13-1: Writing a Critical Analysis

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