Nelson Science Perspectives 10
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780176355289
Table of contents
Textbook solutions
All Solutions
Section 12-1: What is Refraction?
Exercise 1
Solution 1
Solution 2
Solution 3
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Refraction of light occurs when light travels through one medium and enters another. If we drown one part of a soiled object in the water and one part remains in the air, it would look broken due to the light coming into our eyes. This happens because the light changes the direction of movement, passing from the air and entering the water. As a result, we see the object as broken.
Result
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Refraction of light occurs when light travels through one medium and enters another.
Result
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Refraction is the bending or turning of light when it enters a different medium from another medium. This is because light travels at different speeds in different mediums.
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Refracting is change in direction of ray of light as it enters different medium and this happens because there is a change in speed.
Result
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Refracting is change in direction of ray of light as it enters different medium and this happens because there is a change in speed.
Exercise 2
Solution 1
Solution 2
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a. Refraction is the bending of light when it enters a different medium from another medium. This is because light travels at different speeds in different mediums.
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b. Refraction takes place at the boundary of 2 mediums occurring in the path of light. 2 optically different mediums are necessary for the light to “refract” as it enters one medium from another medium
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c. Speed of light is slower in water than in air. Light travels at a speed of $3times10^8$ m/s in air while only $2.25times10^8$ m/s in water.
Result
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Click to see answers.
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$textit{a.}$, Refraction takes place because, when light enters a new medium (with different density) it bends, since it travels with different speeds in different mediums.
$textit{b.}$, There have to be two optically different mediums, since it occurs when ray of light travels from one medium to another, optically different one.
$textit{c.}$, Light travels slower through the water than through the air:
$c_{air} = 3 cdot 10^{8}, mathrm{m/s}$
$c_{water} = 2.25 cdot 10^{8}, mathrm{m/s}$
Result
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$textit{a.}$, It takes place when ray of light bends due to the change of speed while entering a new medium.
$textit{b.}$, Two optically different mediums are required.
$textit{c.}$, Light travels slower through the water than through the air.
Exercise 3
Solution 1
Solution 2
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a. Medium A is air while medium B is light. Light traveling in an optically denser medium bends towards the normal while it bends away from the normal in an optically less dense medium. It can be seen that in medium A the angle between the normal and the light ray is more than that in medium B, implying that speed of light is greater in medium A than B and hence the conclusion that A is air while B is ice.
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b. Since the light ray shown does not bear an arrow, its direction is unknown, but this does not affect our answer in a because the angle between the ray and normal are enough to differentiate the optical density of the two mediums.
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$textit{a.}$,Since the light is bending away from the normal while travelling in an optically medium with less density and bending towards the normal while travelling in an optically denser medium and we can see that, in medium A, the angle between normal and ray of light is greater than the one in medium B, which shows us that the speed of light is greater in medium A than in medium B, we can finally conclude that medium A is air and medium B is ice.
$textit{b.}$, Direction is unknown and it does not matter since we have enough information to conclude which medium is which, which does not affect the direction.
Result
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$textit{a.}$, Medium A is air and medium B is ice.
$textit{b.}$, Direction is unknown and it does not matter since we have enough information to differ two mediums.
Exercise 4
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Light will bend:
a. away from the normal on entering a medium where it will travel faster.
b. towards the normal on entering a medium where it will travel slower.
Exercise 5
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Partial reflection and refraction are shown in the figure given in the book since on part of the incident ray is being reflected from the glass surface and one is being refracted.
Result
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Partial reflection and refraction can be seen.
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Partial reflection and refraction is shown here. This is visible because a portion of the light beam can be seen reflecting from the glass slab surface while a portion of it is seen refracting in it.
Result
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Partial reflection and refraction is shown here.
Exercise 6
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Two-way mirrors are usually being used in observation rooms so that criminal, patients etc. can be observed without being aware of it.
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Those are being used in observation rooms.
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Two way mirrors are typically used in observation rooms to observe and analyze the behavior of people (usually criminals/convicts or patients of mental illness).
Exercise 7
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Total reflection and refraction is used for windows, so the privacy will be kept and for windscreens of the cars with the same purpose.
It is used for some types of sunglasses as well.
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It is used for windows, windscreens of the cars, sunglasses etc.
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Partial reflection and refraction has a many uses. It is used in mirrored glasses used by sportsmen. It is also used in tinted windows and windscreen of government and important vehicles, to prevent others from looking inside such vehicles while the people inside the vehicle can clearly see outside.
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