Nelson Science Perspectives 10
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780176355289
Textbook solutions
All Solutions
Section 11-7: Images in Plane Mirrors
Exercise 1
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Virtual images are images which are formed from where the eye imagines rays of light are diverging from.
They differ from real images since they are not formed from the actual rays of light but from their extensions.
Result
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Virtual images are images which are formed from where the eye imagines rays of light are diverging from and are not formed from the actual rays of light but from their extensions.
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Virtual images are formed in mirrors from where the eye imagines the light rays to be diverging from. These are different from real images which are formed by the actual intersection of light rays.
Exercise 2
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Images formed in mirrors a laterally inverted. This means that if the brush in the right hand of the person in from of the mirror, then it will be in the left hand of the image of the person. The size of the person and his reflection will be identical. The height and altitude of the person and his reflection will also be ideal. If the person is 1.8 meters in front of the mirror, then his reflection will be 1.8 meters behind the mirror. This means that there will be a distance of $1.8+1.8=3.6$ meters between the person and his reflection.
Exercise 3
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Result
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We see it like this in the plane mirror, since the virtual image that it produces also makes left and right side reversed and vice versa.
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The word optics, after reflection will be:
Result
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Click to see image.
Exercise 4
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Ray diagram to determine the virtual image of the dot shown. (Please note that the diagram is not drawn to scale and is an approximation)
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Mirror black horizontal line. Object is the black dot. Blue incident rays strike the mirror. Their respective normals are shown in purple color. The reflected rays are in burgundy color. They are extended to behind the mirror using red line. These line intersect behind the mirror. This is the point where the image of the dot will be formed. This image is shown as a green dot.
Result
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Click to see ray diagram.
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Result
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Image will be virtual, same shape and same size as the object.
Each line perpendicular to the reflective surface is normal.
Incident rays and reflected rays are in green and red color and ther extensions are blue, the converge and form image.
Exercise 5
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Object blue and image burgundy:
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Object blue and image burgundy:
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Object blue and image burgundy: (The image here is an approximation of its correct location. in terms of size it different because the diagram is not drawn to scale):
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The object and its lateral image are identical in size and shape. The image is an equal distance behind the mirror as the object in front of the mirror.
Result
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Click to see answers.
Exercise 6
Solution 1
Solution 2
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SALT:
S – size of the image with respect to the object
A – attitude of the image with respect to the object
L – location of the image with respect to the object
T – type of the image
Result
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SALT:
S – size of the image with respect to the object
A – attitude of the image with respect to the object
L – location of the image with respect to the object
T – type of the image
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a. and b. The S in SALT stands for Size of the image with respect to the object. Virtual images formed in a plane mirror are identical in size as the object, real images can be smaller, larger or of the same size as the object. A stands for the altitude of the image with respect to the object (whether it is upright or inverted), L stands for location of the image with respect to the object and T stands for its type whether it is real or virtual.
Exercise 7
Solution 1
Solution 2
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Emergency vehicles often have words painted backwards on their hoods because images which are formed in plane mirrors are inverted in nature which means that right side of our face will be reflected on the left side of the mirror and vice versa.
This is used so that the drivers which are driving in front of the emergency vehicles would see the words correctly in the rearview mirror.
Result
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Because images which are formed in mirrors are inverted in nature and this can help since the drivers in fron of the emergency vehicle can see words correctly in the rearview mirror.
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Images formed in a mirror are laterally inverted in nature. This means that if you wave your right hand in front of the mirror, you will see your reflection waving its left hand. For this reason the words are painted backwards on the hood of emergency vehicles. They are for drivers in front of them on the road, which will see these words in their rear mirror. After reflection, these words will become laterally inverted and appear correctly to the driver in front of these vehicles to give them the right of way in emergency situations.
Exercise 8
Solution 1
Solution 2
Result
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Writing reflectively demonstrates that images formed in mirrors are laterally inverted in nature. After lateral inversion on reflection, the words spell and appear correctly.
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Since the plane mirror forms image that is inverted in nature, after that lateral inversion words will appear correctly.
Result
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Since the plane mirror forms image that is inverted in nature, after that lateral inversion words will appear correctly.
Exercise 9
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Since this is a plane mirror, image will be formed behind the mirror which makes it virtual, same shape and size as the object upright.
Rays of light are travelling from the human eye to the ends of the mirror where it is been reflected and extensions of incoming rays are converging and forming image.
Rays of light are travelling from the human eye to the ends of the mirror where it is been reflected and extensions of incoming rays are converging and forming image.
Result
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Rays of light are travelling from the human eye to the ends of the mirror where it is been reflected and extensions of incoming rays are converging and forming image.
Exercise 10
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Mirrors can be used not just as decoration but the reflection can be used so the room would seem larger, also lightning in the room can be enhanced by using mirrors due to the reflection.
Result
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Reflection can be used so the room would seem larger, also lightning in the room can be enhanced by using mirrors due to the reflection.
Exercise 11
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a. The 2 plane mirrors are arranged such that their reflecting surfaces are parallel to one another. This is obtained by placing them on the corners of the vertical column of the periscope at an angle of $45text{textdegree}$ with the walls of the periscope. Refer to the diagram below to see their arrangement as well as how they work together to see over walls and corners, etc.
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b. Diagram:
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Working procedure: Light rays coming from the object strike mirror 1 at an angle of $45text{textdegree}$ because of its position. They are reflected of at an angle of $45text{textdegree}$. The image formed in mirror 1 is laterally inverted, of the same size and altitude and virtual in nature. This is reflection 1. Light rays coming from reflection 1 strike mirror 2 at an angle of $45text{textdegree}$ because of its position. They are reflected of at an angle of $45text{textdegree}$. The image formed in mirror 2 is also laterally inverted, of the same size and altitude and virtual in nature. This is reflection 2. Note that reflection 2 is the lateral inversion of reflection 1, therefore exactly like the object, this means that the 2 lateral reflections actually make the object appear exactly as you are looking at it without any mirrors.
Exercise 12
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Plane, opaque mirror forms virtual, upright image which is same shape and size as the actual object.
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Image is formed when rays of light which came from all the points of the object reflect and it appears that the image is formed behind the mirror, but in reality, reflected rays come from the points which are placed on the mirror where they are actually reflected.
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