Nelson Science Perspectives 10
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780176355289
Textbook solutions
All Solutions
Page 509: Self-Quiz
Exercise 10
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Two properties of light are that it travels in straight lines that it can be reflected or refracted and is a form of energy.
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Two properties of light are that it travels in straight lines that it can be reflected or refracted and is a form of energy.
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Light is an electromagnetic wave composed both of electricity and magnetism and therefore does not need a particle medium to propagate. What this means is that it can travel through a vacuum.
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Light is an electromagnetic wave composed both of electricity and magnetism and therefore does not need a particle medium to propagate.
Exercise 11
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Light rays travel in straight line until they strike an object. If the object is opaque, then they are reflected from the object and if the object is transparent then they pass through the object by refraction. Sometimes light rays bend because of sharp edges or slits. This bending of light is called diffraction.
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Light rays do travel in a straight line, but when they strike object which is opaque they will reflect, and if the strike the transparent object they will pass through it, refract or bend over the edges of them which is a diffraction and during the refraction and diffraction direction of light can be changed.
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Yes it can change when the light strikes objects etc.
Exercise 12
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Convex mirrors are used as rare mirrors of the car so the drivers can see larger field behind him and incoming cars which are far away, also they are installed on sharp turns on the road and have the same purpose.
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They are used as rare mirrors on the car and are installed on sharp turns of the road.
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Convex mirrors are used in rear and side mirrors of vehicles. This is to provide a larger field of view which can not be seen if a plane mirror is used instead.
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Convex mirrors are installed in corners of buildings and on sharp turns on the road. This is to enable people to view their surroundings accurately and avoid possible collisions.
Exercise 13
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Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with long wavelengths and low frequency. The communication signal (in this case a cell phone call) is modulated on them and transmitted. At the receiver’s end, this signal is received and demodulated to separate the communication signal from the carrier radio wave and decoded to allow wireless communication. Note that all of this happens at a very fast rate and it appears that it is happening instantaneously.
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Property of radio waves that allow us to send and receive calls on a cell phone is ability to travel through the air and vacuum and they have long wavelength and low frequency.
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Ability to travel through the air and they have long wavelength and low frequency.
Exercise 14
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X-rays are high frequency electromagnetic waves that are used in medical setups to scan internal organs and bones of human bodies.
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Infrared rays are used in remote controlled devices specially TV and IPTV boxes.
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Radio waves are low frequency electromagnetic waves that are widely used for wireless communication.
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$textit{Infrared rays}$ are used in devices such as remote controller.
$textit{Radio waves}$ are used in everyday communication which is, nowdays, wireless.
$textit{X-rays}$ are used for medical purposes, scanning internal organs, bones, teeth etc.
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Infrared rays: remote controller.
Radio waves: communication.
X-rays: scanning.
Exercise 15
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LED lights are very energy efficient as compared to incandescent lights which are only $5%$ to $10%$ energy efficient. This means that for the same amount of bill, more LED lights can be lit and hence better the decoration will be.
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Incandescent lights heat up as the $90%$ energy lost is mostly by heating up of the metallic filament in such lights. This means that there is a safety hazards associated with using these light as opposed to LED lights that do not heat up on prolonged use.
Exercise 16
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a. Laser lights produce electromagnetic waves of one frequency only and therefore one pure color only.
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b. Electromagnetic waves produced by laser are all unidirectional. What this means is that they travel in the same exact direction, carrying their energy as they do so. As a result the collective energy of all waves gives the laser its intense nature as this combined energy is intense enough to cut or drill through metal.
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Click to see answers.
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$textit{a.}$, Visible light from a laser has very pure color since waves that form it have same wavelength and frequency.
$textit{b.}$, This is because beam of laser light travels in only one direction and there is no spreading, therefore, the energy is being collected and the overall energy will be pretty intense so that it can cut through different materials.
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$textit{a.}$, Waves that form laser light have same wavelength and frequency.
$textit{b.}$, Light beam travels in one direction and there is energy collecting which makes overall energy pretty intense so it can cut through the different materials.
Exercise 17
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a. Glass panels installed on the sides of the main entry door in homes should be translucent in nature to allow for decoration but maintain privacy, which will not be possible if clear glass is used instead.
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b. Glass on windows is always clear. This is to allow the maximum inlet of light. Privacy in this case can be obtained by installing curtains, blinds or shutters on the window.
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$textit{a.}$, Translucent material should be used in bathroom windows, in order to protect privacy.
$textit{b.}$ And transparent material should be used in all the other windows since it can allow maximum inlet of light.
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$textit{a.}$, bathroom window.
$textit{b.}$, all the other windows
Exercise 18
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$textit{a.}$, Plane or convex mirror can help a hiker since it gives wider field of view which helps in avoiding falls and danger situations.
$textit{b.}$, Concave mirror gives enlarged images, therefore, it is useful for dentists which helps them in seeing enlarged images of teeth.
$textit{c.}$, Convex mirror is useful when there are no surveillance cameras in the store, so the security can observe people.
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$textit{a.}$, It is helpful since it gives wider field of view.
$textit{b.}$, It is useful since it gives enlarged images.
$textit{c.}$, It is useful because it gives wider field of view.
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a. A plane or convex mirror can help a hiker better scan his surrounding in wilderness by giving a wide field of view. This can help the hike in avoiding falls, injuries and possible dangers.
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b. A concave mirror is useful to a dentist as it allows him/her to view enlarged virtual images of teeth and the inside of the mouth. This is essential for the dentist to thoroughly examine the mouth cavity and work precisely on affected areas.
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c. A convex mirror is useful for a security guard for observing the behavior of people in a store and to prevent any incidents of shoplifting.
Exercise 19
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The palm of the human hand is a “smooth” rough surface. This means that the light falling on it will be reflected in different directions causing diffused reflection instead of specular reflection.
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Light reflected from our hand will be diffuse reflection since the palm is not smooth surface, beam of light will reflect in different directions.
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Diffuse reflection since the palm is not smooth surface, beam of light will reflect in different directions.
Exercise 20
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$textit{a.}$, Term “mirror image” means “completely identical”.
It is because image which is formed in plane mirror is upright, same shape and size as the object but laterally inverted.
$textit{b.}$, Example of an mirror image are objects which are symmetrical.
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$textit{a.}$, It means “completely identical”
$textit{b.}$, Symmetrical objects.
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a.
The term “mirror image” basically means identical. This is because images formed in a plane mirror are identical to the objects in front of it in terms of shape and size.
The term “mirror image” basically means identical. This is because images formed in a plane mirror are identical to the objects in front of it in terms of shape and size.
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b.
Symmetrical objects are a mirror image of one another along their line of symmetry.
Symmetrical objects are a mirror image of one another along their line of symmetry.
Exercise 21
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From lowest to highest energy, the electromagnetic waves are: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays, therefore the mnemonic becomes: RMIVUXG.
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From lowest to highest energy:
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
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Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
Exercise 22
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Some laundry detergents contain fluorescent material in them. These have the tendency to absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light. The clothes therefore appear brighter as they emit visible light. This however has nothing to do with better cleaning ability of the detergent and therefore the claim is false.
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The claim is false.
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It is false advertising since some detergents consist fluorescent materials which can absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light later, but this has nothing to do with cleaning.
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The advertising is false.
Exercise 23
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The explanation is incorrect since the law of reflection states that angle of incidence always equals angle of reflection.
Right explanation will be that the light beam that hits the rough surface will strike different areas of it, therefore, it will be reflected in all directions and this is called diffuse reflection.
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Explanation is not right, the right one is based on the diffuse reflection.
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According to the laws of reflection, angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of incidence and therefore this explanation is incorrect. Light reflected of a bumpy surface produces a fuzzy image because of diffuse reflection of light. Diffuse reflection of light occurs on all rough surfaces because the rays in the beam of light falling on it strike different areas of the rough surface and are therefore reflected in all directions rather than only one direction as in the case of specular reflection.
Exercise 24
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Covering an entire wall of a restaurant with a mirror makes the restaurant appear bigger because of the properties of image formed in a plane mirror. The light reflected off the mirror’s surface also better illuminates the place and makes it look and appear nicer.
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It makes restaurant’s space look bigger and also more illuminates since the mirror reflects the light.
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It makes restaurant’s space look bigger and also more illuminates since the mirror reflects the light.
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