Home Page Textbooks Nelson Science Perspectives 10 Page 303: Unit Review

Nelson Science Perspectives 10

1st Edition

Christy C. Hayhoe, Doug Hayhoe, Jeff Major, Maurice DiGiuseppe

ISBN: 9780176355289

Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Page 303: Unit Review

Exercise 36

Step 1

1 of 2

BaSO$_4$ is a salt. Its positive ion is Ba$^+$ which implies that the base used was Ba(OH)$_2$ and its negative ion is SO$_4^{-2}$ which implies that the acid used was H$_2$SO$_4$. Equation of the reaction becomes:

$$
mathrm{Ba(OH)_{2(aq)} + H_2SO_{4(aq)} longrightarrow BaSO_{4(aq)} + 2H_2O_{(l)}}
$$

Step 2

2 of 2

KCl is a salt. Its positive ion is K$^+$ which implies that the base used was KOH and its negative ion is Cl$^{-}$ which implies that the acid used was HCl. Equation of the reaction becomes:

$$
mathrm{KOH_{(aq)} + HCl_{(aq)} longrightarrow KCl_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}
$$

Exercise 37

Step 1

1 of 2

This is a synthesis reaction where the copper metal reacts with oxygen to form copper(II) oxide which is black in color. Equation of this reaction is:

$$
mathrm{2Cu_{(s)} + O_{2(g)} longrightarrow 2CuO_{(s)}}
$$

Result

2 of 2

This is a synthesis reaction.

Exercise 38

Step 1

1 of 2

Calcium oxide dissolves in water to form calcium hydroxide. Equation of this reaction is:

$$
mathrm{CaO_{(s)} + H_2O_{(l)} longrightarrow Ca(OH)_{2(aq)} }
$$

Step 2

2 of 2

Calcium hydroxide is a strong base that can react with acids in water to form salt and water. In other words, it neutralizes the effects of the acid in water according to the equation;

$$
mathrm{Ca(OH)_{2(aq)} + H_2SO_{4(aq)} longrightarrow CaSO_{4(aq)} + 2H_2O_{(l)}}
$$

Exercise 39

Step 1

1 of 4

Ca, calcium lies in group II of the Periodic table. This implies that it is a metal with 2 valence electrons in its outermost orbit and it is easier for it to lose these 2 electrons rather than gain $8-2=6$ electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Therefore, it will form a positive ion with an ionic charge of $+2$ on it by losing its 2 valence electrons.

Step 2

2 of 4

S, sulfur lies in group VI of the Periodic table. This implies that it is a non-metal with 6 valence electrons in its outermost orbit and it is easier for it to gain 2 electrons rather than to lose $8-2=6$ electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Therefore, it will form a negative ion with an ionic charge of $-2$ on it by gaining 2 electrons.

Step 3

3 of 4

K,potassium lies in group I of the Periodic table. This implies that it is a metal with 1 valence electron in its outermost orbit and it is easier for it to lose this 1 electron rather than gain $8-1=7$ electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Therefore, it will form a positive ion with an ionic charge of $+1$ on it by losing its 1 valence electron.

Step 4

4 of 4

Al, aluminum lies in group III of the Periodic table. This implies that it is a metal with 3 valence electrons in its outermost orbit and it is easier for it to lose these 3 electrons rather than gain $8-3=5$ electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Therefore, it will form a positive ion with an ionic charge of $+3$ on it by losing its 3 valence electrons.

Exercise 40

Step 1

1 of 4

In this question, we are going to explain which of the four basic chemical reactions occurs when the iron rusts.

Step 2

2 of 4

The four basic chemical reactions are synthesis decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.

Step 3

3 of 4

The rusting of iron reaction occurs according to the below formula.

$text{4Fe + 3O$_2$ + 6H$_2$O $rightarrow$ 4Fe (OH)$_3$}$

Since three reactants are joining to produce one product we consider that a synthesis reaction.

Result

4 of 4

$$
textbf{Synthesis reaction}
$$

Exercise 41

Step 1

1 of 2

Balance chemical equation:

$$
mathrm{2C_2H_{2(g)} + 5O_{2(g)} longrightarrow 4CO_{2(g)} + 2H_2O_{(g)}}
$$

Result

2 of 2

$$
mathrm{2C_2H_{2(g)} + 5O_{2(g)} longrightarrow 4CO_{2(g)} + 2H_2O_{(g)}}
$$

Exercise 42

Step 1

1 of 5

In this question, we are going to explain according to the Bohr-Rutherford diagram, why the phosphide ion has a charge of -3.

Step 2

2 of 5

First, the unstable phosphorous atom will have five electrons (red dots) in its outer shell, the Bohr-Rutherford drawing is in the below row.

Step 3

3 of 5

Step 4

4 of 5

And since every atom is looking for stabilization, the phosphorous atom with a zero charge will gain three electrons to have a stable full outer shell, so the charge of the ion will be -3, the Bohr-Rutherford drawing of phosphide ion will be in the below row.

Step 5

5 of 5

Exercise 43

Step 1

1 of 2

Sulfide ion is S$^{-2}$. This implies that it has $16+2=18$ electrons. 18 electrons are also present in the noble gas argon, Ar and potassium ion, K$^+$.

Result

2 of 2

Argon and potassium ion.

Exercise 44

Step 1

1 of 11

Magnesium chloride is MgCl$_2$.

Step 2

2 of 11

Aluminum sulfide is Al$_2$S$_3$.

Step 3

3 of 11

Tin(II) sulfate is SnSO$_4$.

Step 4

4 of 11

Iron(III) oxide is Fe$_2$O$_3$.

Step 5

5 of 11

Lead(II) nitrate is Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$.

Step 6

6 of 11

Silver phosphate is AgPO$_4$.

Step 7

7 of 11

Sulfuric acid is H$_2$SO$_4$.

Step 8

8 of 11

Hydrocholoric acid is HCl.

Step 9

9 of 11

Chlorine dioxide is ClO$_2$.

Step 10

10 of 11

Dinitrogen monoxide N$_2$O.

Result

11 of 11

Click to see answers.

Exercise 45

Step 1

1 of 8

K$_2$O is potassium oxide.

Step 2

2 of 8

CuS is copper(II) sulfide.

Step 3

3 of 8

Na$_3$PO$_4$ is sodium phosphate.

Step 4

4 of 8

Pb(OH)$_2$ is lead(II) hydroxide.

Step 5

5 of 8

HNO$_3$ nitric acid.

Step 6

6 of 8

CO is carbon monoxide.

Step 7

7 of 8

NO is nitrogen oxide.

Result

8 of 8

Click to see answers.

Exercise 46

Step 1

1 of 1

A balanced chemical equation gives the correct ratio of the participating reactants of a reaction and the correct amounts of the product(s) formed, that is why it can be called a recipe of the reaction.

Exercise 47

Step 1

1 of 6

ammonia + sulfuric acid $longrightarrow$ ammonium sulfate

This is a synthesis reaction as 2 reactants combine to form one product.

Step 2

2 of 6

aluminum + copper(II) chloride $longrightarrow$ aluminum chloride + copper

This is a single displacement reaction as copper is replaced by aluminum in this reaction.

Step 3

3 of 6

phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide$longrightarrow$ sodium phosphate + water

This is a neutralization reaction as acid and base here react together to form salt and water.

Step 4

4 of 6

aluminum sulfate $longrightarrow$ aluminum oxide + sulfur trioxide

This is a decomposition reaction because one reactant is breaking down to yield 2 products.

Step 5

5 of 6

ethene + oxygen $longrightarrow$ carbon dioxide + water

This is a combustion reaction as a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

Result

6 of 6

Click to see answers.

Exercise 48

Step 1

1 of 6

ammonia + sulfuric acid $longrightarrow$ ammonium sulfate

Balanced chemical equation:

$$
mathrm{2NH_{3(g)} + H_2SO_{4(aq)} longrightarrow (NH_4)_2SO_{4(aq)}}
$$

Step 2

2 of 6

aluminum + copper(II) chloride $longrightarrow$ aluminum chloride + copper

Balanced chemical equation:

$$
mathrm{2Al_{(s)} + 3CuCl_{2(aq)} longrightarrow 2AlCl_{3(aq)}+3Cu_{(s)}}
$$

Step 3

3 of 6

phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide$longrightarrow$ sodium phosphate + water

Balanced chemical equation:

$$
mathrm{H_3PO_{4(aq)} + 3NaOH_{(aq)} longrightarrow Na_3PO_{4(aq)}+3H_2O_{(l)}}
$$

Step 4

4 of 6

aluminum sulfate $longrightarrow$ aluminum oxide + sulfur trioxide

Balanced chemical equation:

$$
mathrm{Al_2(SO_4)_{3(s)} longrightarrow Al_2O_{3(s)}+3SO_{3(g)}}
$$

Step 5

5 of 6

ethene + oxygen $longrightarrow$ carbon dioxide + water

$$
mathrm{2C_2H_{6(g)} + 7O_{2(g)} longrightarrow 4CO_{2(g)} + 6H_2O_{(g)}}
$$

Result

6 of 6

Click to see equations.

Exercise 49

Step 1

1 of 4

iron(III) oxide + carbon $longrightarrow$ iron + carbon dioxide

Step 2

2 of 4

Balanced chemical equation:

$$
mathrm{2Fe_2O_{3(l)} + 3C_{(l)} longrightarrow 4Fe_{(l)}+3CO_{2(g)}}
$$

Step 3

3 of 4

This reaction can be classified as a single displacement reaction (or reduction) where carbon displaces iron from its oxide to form carbon dioxide.

Result

4 of 4

Click to see answers.

Exercise 50

Step 1

1 of 2

a.
Excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can adversely affect the environment. Carbon dioxide can dissolve in water to form carbonic acid. This can cause atmospheric air to become acidic as it carries water vapors saturated with carbonic acid. These vapors then form clouds and precipitation which falls back to earth as acid precipitation polluting our land and oceans. This can reduce the pH of oceans.

Step 2

2 of 2

b. Reduction of pH of oceans mean that ocean water will become acidic and unsustainable to support marine life. Marine life will start to die out and this will devastate the entire ecosystem of the planet.

Exercise 51

Step 1

1 of 7

In this answer, I am going to explain the Bohr Rutherford diagram with a drawing and then I will show clarify which is the cation and the anion.

Step 2

2 of 7

I will show an example of Na and Cl, the Na has only one electron (red dots) in the last shell while the Cl has 7 electrons in the last shell, so before the reaction takes a place the Bohr Rutherford diagram will be as below drawing.

Step 3

3 of 7

Step 4

4 of 7

After the reaction, the Na will act as a cation and lose the elector to be more stable, and the Cl will be the anion and receive the electron to have the last shell of 8 electrons and by this it will be stable.

Step 5

5 of 7

Step 6

6 of 7

And the final diagram will be as bellow.

Step 7

7 of 7

Exercise 52

Step 1

1 of 1

The group number of an element represents the number of electrons in its outermost orbit. This implies that elements arranged in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbit. They therefore undergo same chemical reactions by either gaining or losing electron(s). For example all members of group I, form positive ions by losing 1 electron in their chemical reactions.

Exercise 53

Step 1

1 of 8

K$_2$S is potassium sulfide.

Step 2

2 of 8

CBr$_4$ is tetra-bromo methane.

Step 3

3 of 8

FeO is iron(II) oxide.

Step 4

4 of 8

CuSO$_4$ is copper(II) sulfate.

Step 5

5 of 8

AgNO$_3$ is silver nitrate.

Step 6

6 of 8

PbO$_2$ is lead(IV) oxide or lead dioxide.

Step 7

7 of 8

N$_2$O is dinitrogen monoxide.

Result

8 of 8

Click to see answers.

Exercise 54

Step 1

1 of 4

To write a balanced chemical equation, I will transfer the words into a formula and then explain how to balance the equation.

Step 2

2 of 4

begin{enumerate}
item iron(III) chloride= FeCl$_3$
item tin(II) chloride= SnCl$_2$
item iron(II) chloride= FeCl$_2$
item tin(IV) chloride= SnCl$_4$
end{enumerate}

Step 3

3 of 4

The formula will be as below:

$text{SnCl$_2$ + FeCl$_3$ $rightarrow$ FeCl$_2$ + SnCl$_4$}$

The number of chloride atoms in the reactant side is not the same as the number on the product side (5:6), therefore I multiplied the FeCl$_3$ in the reactant by two and the FeCl$_2$ in the product side by two also.

The final formula will be: $text{SnCl$_2$ + 2FeCl$_3$ $rightarrow$ 2FeCl$_2$ + SnCl$_4$}$

Now the number of atoms of each element in the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of each element on the product side.

Result

4 of 4

$$
text{SnCl$_2$ + 2FeCl$_3$ $rightarrow$ 2FeCl$_2$ + SnCl$_4$}
$$

Exercise 55

Step 1

1 of 3

a. X must be a metal because it shows metallic properties of good electrical conductivity and it forms an oxide which dissolves in water to form a base of pH 10.

Step 2

2 of 3

b. If X forms a positive ion of +2, then the chemical formula of its oxide is XO.

Step 3

3 of 3

c. XO dissolves in water to form a base. This implies that an acid HCl can be used to neutralize its basic effects so that it can safely be disposed off.

Exercise 56

Step 1

1 of 4

Mass of propane is $61.8-50=11.8$ grams.

Step 2

2 of 4

Mass of oxygen used is $104.8-61.8=43$ grams.

Step 3

3 of 4

Note mass of propane and container is 61.8 grams. This is the mass of the container and the mass of the carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms in propane. Therefore, this mass was subtracted from the total mass of $104.8$ grams to obtain the mass of oxygen used during this reaction.

Result

4 of 4

Mass of oxygen used is $43$ grams.

Exercise 57

Step 1

1 of 6

a. State symbol (aq) is the abbreviation of the word aqueous. In chemistry, it means that a soluble electrolyte is dissolved in water, where by state symbol (l) is the abbreviation of the word liquid here, it means that the given substance is in its liquid (or molten) state.

Step 2

2 of 6

b. Bubbles of hydrogen gas will be seen as the reaction progress. Solid calcium metal will also be seen dissolving (or reacting) away as it disappears in the solution.

Step 3

3 of 6

c. Bubbling of hydrogen gas will stop to indicate the completion of the reaction.

Step 4

4 of 6

d. The mass of the contents of the test tube will gradually decrease. This is because hydrogen atom that were previously a part of the water molecule will bubble away and escape from the test tube as the reaction progresses.

Step 5

5 of 6

e. The compound formed is calcium hydroxide which is a base, therefore addition of phenolpthalein indicator will turn the color of the solution to pink from colorless.

Result

6 of 6

Click to see answers.

Exercise 58

Step 1

1 of 3

Saving electricity at home by turning off the fan and light of the room on leaving, keeping the refrigerator door open just when needed, operating the air condition at 75$text{textdegree}$F, replacing halogen bulbs by LED bulbs can help reduce emissions responsible for acid precipitation, because thermal power plants generate electricity by burning fossil fuels which is the culprit of acid precipitation. Saving electricity at home will reduce the burden on these plants and thereby reducing their operation and hence combustion of fossil fuel.

Step 2

2 of 3

Using public transport or carpooling rather than personal vehicles can also reduce fossil fuel emissions in the atmosphere.

Step 3

3 of 3

Buying and using locally manufactured products and goods (like clothes, shoes, bedsheets, etc) can also help reduce these emissions as this saves/minimizes emissions during their transportation from one place to another.

Exercise 59

Step 1

1 of 2

According to the law of conservation of masses, the mass of the products of a reaction is always equal to the mass of the reactants of the reaction. Here the total mass of the reactants was $42+30=72$ grams, therefore the mass of carbon dioxide formed is $72-41-9=22$ grams. The mass of the 2 products was subtracted from the total mass of the reactants to determine the mass of carbon dioxide that was formed during this reaction.

Result

2 of 2

$22$ grams of carbon dioxide was formed.

Exercise 60

Step 1

1 of 2

The chemical formula Mg$_2$X$_3$ implies that the ionic charge on X is $-3$, therefore the chemical formula of its product with hydrogen is H$_3$X or XH$_3$.

Result

2 of 2

Chemical formula: H$_3$X or XH$_3$.

Exercise 61

Step 1

1 of 3

a. More cars on the roads mean that more fossil fuel is burned which implies that more sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contributing to acid precipitation are released in the atmosphere.

Step 2

2 of 3

b. The town should plan and layout a mass-transit system or public transport system to move people from one location to another, throughout the town to minimize the need of cars and thereby fossil fuel emissions.

Result

3 of 3

Click to see answers.

Exercise 62

Step 1

1 of 4

In this question I will explain the relationship between the gas emissions from the vehicles and acid precipitation, design a new community that minimize the vehicle’s emissions, and how is my design different from the place I am living in now.

Step 2

2 of 4

When vehicles burn the fuel it produces nitrogen dioxide gas that is responsible for the acid precipitation, so when the number of vehicles that are working on fossil fuel increased the emission of nitrogen gas will increase as well.

Step 3

3 of 4

a) I would design a community with a transportation system working on solar energy, it would be cheap and comfortable so people will be encouraged to stop using their private vehicles and start using the public transportation system.

Step 4

4 of 4

b) Unfortunately in my community the public transportation methods are in a bad condition, and most of them are working using fossil fuel, therefore most people are using their private vehicles, but if my design is applied in my community I am sure that most of the people will change to using the public transportations.

Exercise 63

Step 1

1 of 1

Bromothymol blue indicator is yellow in acidic medium and blue in basic medium. The presence of snail and tadpoles in a water is an indicator because they can only exist in neutral to basic environments and cease to exist in acidic environments. Therefore, their absence “indicates” that the water body has become acidic in nature just like the yellow color of bromothymol blue indicator.

Exercise 64

Step 1

1 of 5

In this answer I will be explaining what is acid precipitation, how does that affects us, identify two sectors of Ontario’s economy that feel the impact of acid precipitation directly and how can we help to reduce the acid precipitation.

Step 2

2 of 5

Acid precipitation simply is the production of mainly sulfur oxide and nitrogen dioxide gases to the atmosphere, and when they reach the atmosphere they will combine with the water molecules to form acids that will be back to earth through rain, snow, or fog.

Step 3

3 of 5

a) Acid precipitation is seriously harmful to our ecosystem, it can affect the aquatic ecosystem by changing the ph of water which results in the death of some kind of fish, and the soil will lose the valuable nutrients which will harm our plants and aquatic life.

Step 4

4 of 5

b) Many sectors of Ontario`s economy got affected by the acid precipitation such as:\
begin{enumerate}
item The poor growth of trees affected the wood products industry and the loss was valued by billions of dollars.

item The reduction in fish stocks was valued by multi-billions of dollars.

end{enumerate}

Step 5

5 of 5

c) We can stop using the energy produced from using fossil fuels, and move towards the using of renewable energy such as solar and wind power.

Exercise 65

Step 1

1 of 1

This is a very good incentive to promote carpooling and use of public transport as this will reduce the number of fossil fuel burning vehicles on the road and thereby reduce the emissions contributing to acid rain.

Exercise 66

Step 1

1 of 3

Answer will include how did the economical slowdown affect Ontario`s acid precipitation problem and why.

Step 2

2 of 3

Since that the economical slowdown has reduced the demand for the mined metals of Ontario, that it will reduce the percentage of acid precipitation in Ontario.

Step 3

3 of 3

The result of the mining for metals process is the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which are the two main causes for acid precipitation, and since there is an economical slowdown that will reduce the demand for the metals, so the emission of these two materials will reduce therefore the acid precipitation will reduce.

Exercise 67

Step 1

1 of 4

In this question, I am going to describe the products of fossil fuel combustion reactions which are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. I will be explaining how these products are produced, the hazards they create and how can we reduce the amount that enters the atmosphere.

Step 2

2 of 4

a) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced through the combustion of hydrocarbons, and this is when a hydrocarbon such as methane burns with the presence of oxygen.

The combustion of hydrocarbons can be a complete or incomplete reaction depending on the availability of oxygen gas, if the reaction was complete the products will be carbon dioxide and water, and if the reaction was incomplete it will produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon as soot and water.

Step 3

3 of 4

b) Both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gases, they can seriously affect your health, some of the hazards that can happen to you upon exposure to them, are headache, dizziness, nausea, respiratory problems, and can lead to death in some cases.

Step 4

4 of 4

c) I believe that we have to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere through the minimum use of energy that is produced through the combustion of fuel and move towards renewable energy such as wind to generate electricity.

Exercise 68

Step 1

1 of 3

In this question, we will describe attitude towards the waste material that we pour down the drain, and which idea had influenced me the most, and why.

Step 2

2 of 3

After reading this chapter, we can be more cautious towards waster materials, we can realize that some materials need to be safely disposed of such as pharmaceuticals and chemical waste especially mercury because it has a dangerous effect on our environment.

Step 3

3 of 3

The technologies that reduce pollution such as scrubbers is the idea that inspired me the most because they can be very useful in removing acid-forming pollutants which will help us maintain a safe environment around us.

Exercise 69

Step 1

1 of 3

In this answer, we will write about how idea about air pollution changed after reading this chapter.

Step 2

2 of 3

Before reading this chapter maybe we didn’t take air pollution very seriously because we couldn’t see how is it affecting our environment and the consequences.

Step 3

3 of 3

After reading the chapter and knowing how acid rain affected Ontario, we have more understanding of how air pollution is affecting our environment and how can we maintain a safe atmosphere by using a green source of energy and planting more trees.

Exercise 70

Step 1

1 of 4

In this question, I will compare two types of fuel which are coal and natural gas, evaluate them using a ranking scale of my design, recommend which is the better to use and why.

Step 2

2 of 4

I will compare these two fuels according to the below parameters:\
begin{enumerate}
item carbon emissions: natural gas emits almost 50% less CO2 than coal.
item efficiency of burning: Natural gas is more efficient than coal.
item price-wise: coal prices are between 60 and 143 USD, while the price of natural gas is between 41 and 74 USD.
end{enumerate}

Step 3

3 of 4

I will use a scale between 1-5, 1 is bad and 5 is good.\
begin{enumerate}
item carbon emissions: natural gas 5, coal 1
item efficiency of burning: Natural gas 4, coal 2
item price-wise: Natural gas 5, coal 2
end{enumerate}
Finally, the summation will be Natural gas is 14 while coal is 5.\

Step 4

4 of 4

We can see clearly that natural gas is way better than coal as a fuel because coal has more carbon emissions which directly pollute our environment, burning coal is not efficient as burning natural gas, and coal is even more expensive.

Exercise 71

Step 1

1 of 3

In this question, we are going to compare the use of salt and chlorine as a disinfectant in pools from an environmental and economical point of view.

Step 2

2 of 3

From an environmental point of view, salt is better than chlorine because the chlorine in water is dangerous to nearby grass and it is more difficult to get rid of, for example, it is toxic to all aquatic life.

Step 3

3 of 3

From an economical point of view, the use of chlorine needs lower upfront costs, and also the cost of energy used is almost zero, while on the other hand you there is more electricity and energy cost involved in maintaining a saltwater pool.

Exercise 72

Step 1

1 of 6

In this question, we need to read first about how was Ontario originating electricity through the burning of coal, what are the effect of burning coal on the environment, how did Ontario reduce the burning of coal, find how the target date changed over the years, and writing our opinion about generating electricity through the burning of coal.

Step 2

2 of 6

In the beginning, we need to read about the story of how did Ontario stopped using coal for generating electricity after they were using coal to generate around a quarter of their electricity needs.

Step 3

3 of 6

Coal is mostly carbon, and when burns, it reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide, burning coal is considered a very polluting form of generating electricity, it has a serious effect on our environment, it pollutes our air, water and for sure it will affect in the global warming.

Step 4

4 of 6

They planned to shut down the coal-fired generating stations and replace them with nuclear, natural gas, and non-hydro renewable sources, in 2003 they were producing 25 percent electricity using coal, they had 5 generating stations producing 8800 megawatt, they started closing the coal-fired generation stations one by one, and in 2014 they declared that 0 percent electricity is produced using coal.

Step 5

5 of 6

In 2003 Ontario was committed to phasing out by 2007, in 2005 they adjust the target date to 2009 to maintain system reliability, and in 2010 Ontario commits to coal phase-out by 2014.

Step 6

6 of 6

I believe that I am aginst generating electricity through the burning of coal, it is directly polluting our environment and will affect badly on the global warming.

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