$color{#4257b2}{textbf{a}}$
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Water can be found in three states, liquid state, ice/ snow forms, and vapor in the air. In ice, the water volume is much smaller than in its liquid state.

So, we can tell that temperature is directly connected to the volume of water in a way that increases with the rising of temperature and lowers by its drop.

$color{#4257b2}{textbf{b}}$
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Nutrients such as phosphorus are essential for plant and animal growth and nourishment, but too much in the water can cause some problems. For example, too many phosphates can cause eutrophication, and a reduction in dissolved oxygen in water bodies such as lakes and rivers, leading to algal bloom. That algal bloom can be harmful, even lethal, for fish and other animals which live there.

So, phosphates are suitable for the growth of aquatic plants, but only if there is enough of it but not too much of it.

$color{#4257b2}{textbf{c}}$
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The size of the image in a mirror and the subject’s distance are in a direct connection.

For example, if you stand far from the mirror, you’ll get the impression(the image) that you are tiny. By moving closer to the mirror, your image will grow bigger until you can see the full size of yourself right in front of the mirror.

$color{#4257b2}{textbf{d}}$
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No, there isn’t any. Pine trees can be found in many environments, ranging from semi-arid deserts to rainforests, from the coldest to the hottest environments on Earth.

So, we can say that they are very successful plants that can grow almost anywhere and are not very ”interested” in a change of temperature.

$color{#4257b2}{textbf{e}}$
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The temperature has an apparent effect on the growth rate of crystals. For example, we can take salt and see if its crystals can form faster or slower in hotter or colder temperatures.

Higher temperatures increase the solvent’s evaporation rate, thereby speeding up the growth rate. Colder solutions contract, forcing minerals closer together to create bonds, catching impurities in their structure, interrupting the crystal forming pattern, and forming many smaller crystals.

In warmer temperatures, the distance between molecules is more significant, allowing crystals to form larger.

$color{#4257b2}{textbf{f}}$
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The egg-laying ability of penguins is not directly connected to the availability of food, but there is a unique treatment in which both parents are involved. For example, penguins are changing turns within incubation duties.

This means that the male/ female is incubating eggs while the other partner searches for food in the water. That way, the eggs are always guarded and have a better chance of hatching into young offspring.