A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing polyphagia. Which outcome statement is the priority for this client? A) Fluid and electrolyte balance. B) Prevention of water toxicity. C) Reduced glucose in the urine. D) Adequate cellular nourishment.

D) Adequate cellular nourishment. Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is characterized by hyperglycemia that precipitates glucosuria and polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger). Polyphagia is a consequence of cellular malnourishment when insulin deficiency prevents utilization of glucose for energy, so the outcome statement should include stabilization of adequate cellular nutrition (D). (A, B, and C) relate to subsequent osmolar fluid shifts related to glucosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/med-surg-hesi-practice-questions/

The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient with Addison’s disease. It is MOST important for the nurse to instruct the patient about: a. signs and symptoms of infection b. fluid and electrolyte balance c. seizure precautions d. steroid replacement

d. steroid replacement steroid replacement is the most important information the client needs to know. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/nclex-style-practice-questions-medsurg-diabetes/

Two hormones are closely involved in the regulation of the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. Name them and explain their effects on their common target organ.

Aldosterone and ADH are both involved in fluid and electrolyte balance by acting on the kidney. Aldosterone causes the kidney to retain salt and thereby also retain water isoosmotically. ADH causes the body to retain water but does not affect salt retention, so high levels of ADH lowers blood osmolality. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/14-04-anatomy-test/

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