Human Genome Project Flashcards, test questions and answers
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What is Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA and identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint. The HGP began in 1990 as a collaboration between researchers in the United States, Europe, Japan, China, and other countries around the world. It was completed 15 years later in 2003.The HGP has greatly expanded our understanding of genetics by providing detailed information on how genes function within cells to create proteins that ultimately determine individual characteristics such as eye color or height. Researchers have used this knowledge to develop new diagnostics tests for diseases such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease. Additionally, they were able to identify genetic markers associated with certain types of cancer which helped physicians better understand their patients prognosis and treatment options. This data has also been used to develop therapies for genetically inherited diseases through gene therapy techniques which involves replacing defective or missing genes with functioning ones. Beyond its medical applications, there are also broader implications related to social policy making based upon findings from HGP research such as ethical questions surrounding abortion rights when prenatal testing reveals potential abnormalities in unborn children or debates about genetic screening for prospective parents seeking information about potential medical issues their children may face at birth. In conclusion, while still relatively new compared to other scientific disciplines, the advancement made possible by this ambitious project will continue to revolutionize healthcare delivery and potentially lead us closer towards curing some previously untreatable diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease or diabetes type 1 & 2.