Chapter 14 Genetics Study Guide – Flashcards

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Alleles found on the same chromosomes
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are linked
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In humans, a male has
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one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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An example of polygenetic inheritance is:
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the shape of the human nose
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Which of the following statements is true?
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The father of a colorblind boy may be colorblind.
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Prenatal genetic testing can be done through a process called:
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amniocentesis
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A cat that has spots of only one color
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may be a male or a female.
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Which of the following is not a reason that human genetics are hard to study?
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Lack of volunteers
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Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
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the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
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Which of the following is the first step in gene therapy?
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identifying the faulty gene that causes the disease
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Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree?
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All of the symbols are squares.
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A pedigree can be used to
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determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive. show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next. determine whether a trait is inherited.
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Which of the following form(s) a Barr body?
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one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
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Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?
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ABO blood group
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Which of the following information CANNOT be obtained from the Human Genome Project?
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whether an allele is dominant or recessive
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The human genome was sequenced
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by looking for overlapping regions between sequenced DNA fragments.
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What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
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50%
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A person who has PKU
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inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents
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In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
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female.
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If one parent has type O blood and one parent has type AB blood, what blood types could their offspring possibly have?
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A and B
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What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands?
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The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from two different people.
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What blood type can give blood to anyone?
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O neg.
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Nondisjunction can involve
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homologous chromosomes. autosomes. sex chromosomes.
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What type of condition is hemophilia?
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sex-linked
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Which genetic relationship is best characterized by the combination of white flowers and red flowers producing pink flowers?
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incomplete dominance
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Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
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autosomes, sex chromosomes, homologous chromosomes
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Scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by
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detecting the DNA sequences found in those alleles
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Huntington's disease is produced by a single ___________ allele.
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dominant
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The Human Genome Project is an attempt to
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sequence all human DNA.
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How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
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46
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People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because
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they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
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Sickle cell disease is caused by a
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change in one DNA base
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This forms initially when a sperm and an egg meet:
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zygote
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Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
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an extra chromosome
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If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
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some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
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What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
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50%
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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Huntington's disease is caused by a recessive allele
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Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis?
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point mutation
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In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to
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fold improperly
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A human female inherits
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one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes.
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The formation of a Barr body
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causes the genes on one of the X chromosomes in a female cell to be switched off
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Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype?
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IBIB and IBi
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47XXY is the abbreviation for which condition?
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Klinefelter's Syndrome
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Which genetic relationship is best characterized by a red cow and a white cow breeding to produce offspring that have red and white spots or patches?
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codominance
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Most sex-linked genes are located on
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the X chromosome only.
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The long stretches of repetitive DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22 are unstable sites
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where rearrangements occur.
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If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring's blood type?
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A, B, AB, or O
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Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
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without an X chromosome.
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Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease
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has a different sequence of amino acids.
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Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele?
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Huntington's disease
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The purpose of gene therapy is to
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cure genetic disorders.
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Which chromosome is the gene for Huntington's disease located on?
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4
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Human females produce egg cells that have
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one X chromosome
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A trait that differs in the way it is expressed in males and females is:
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sex influenced
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45XO is the abbreviation for an individual with which disorder?
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Turner's Syndrome
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45XO is the abbreviation for an individual with which disorder? 45XO is the abbreviation for an individual with which disorder? The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
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nondisjunction
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The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that
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no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA.
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Gene therapy is successful if the
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replacement gene is transcribed in the person's cells.
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The sequencing of human chromosomes 21 and 22 showed that
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some regions of chromosomes do not code for proteins.
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Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?
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XX
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What blood type can receive blood from anyone?
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AB pos.
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In a pedigree, if a mother is represented by a shaded circle and a father is represented by a shaded square, their children can be represented by either shaded or unshaded circles or squares. _________________________
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True
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A person who has Down syndrome has TWO copies of chromosome 21. _________________________
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False, Three
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In humans, the MOTHER determines the sex of the offspring. _________________________
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False, Father
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Information from the Human Genome Project can be used to learn more about human diseases. _________________________
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True
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If a cat has both orange and black spots, it is HOMOZYGOUS for the alleles on the X chromosome that code for spot color. _________________________
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False, Heterozygous
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DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but VARY WIDELY from person to person. _________________________
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F,vary widely
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A pedigree showing the inheritance of Huntington's disease within a family would show shaded symbols for people with the disease. _________________________
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True
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Two parents who have Huntington's disease may produce an offspring who does not have Huntington's disease. _________________________
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True
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Chromosome 22 contains long stretches of DNA that do not code for proteins. _________________________
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True
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In a human karyotype, 44 of the chromosomes are autosomes. _________________________
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True
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If a person has blood type A, he or she CANNOT receive a blood transfusion from a person with blood type O. _________________________
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False, can
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A dominant X-linked trait would be MORE common in males than in females. _________________________
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False, less
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In a human karyotype, 23 chromosome pairs are similar in size and shape. _________________________
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False, 22
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To locate genes within the human DNA sequence, scientists look for open reading frames within the sequence. _________________________
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True
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Males generally do not have Barr bodies. _________________________
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True
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