2. What is the relationship between Earth Science & Ecology?

EARTH SCIENCE is the study that states NATURAL PHENOMENA can be discovered through observation and experimentation. ECOLOGY is the study of living things and their environment. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/grade-11-earth-science-chapter-1/

Question: Earth science is important because it looks at which of the following?

Answer: earth’s place in the universe More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/1-04-quiz-review-why-study-earth-science-and-earth-systems/

What are the sciences that collectively make up Earth Science?

astronomy oceanography meteorology geology More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/sced-342-33586/

Which of the following is NOT a major concept involved in the study of Earth Science? a. Earth’s History c. Earth in the Solar System b. The Structure of the Earth System d. All are major concepts

d. All are major concepts More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/cumulative-exam-review-semester-i/

What does Earth Science

The study of Earth and its interrelated processes More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/9th-grade-earth-science-sol-review/

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the main areas of Earth science? a. geology c. astrology b. oceanography d. astronomy

c More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/science-exam/

Earth science assumes that the causes of natural phenomena

can be understood through careful observation. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/earth-science-mid-term-review/

1.1 Four Major Branches of Earth Science

Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/grade-11-earth-science-chapter-1/

4 Major Branches of Earth Science:

Geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/honors-earth-science-quiz-9-22-16-1-earth-science/

What is Earth Science?

The investigation of interactions among the four components of the Earth system and their interaction with the exosphere (sun, space). More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-1-introduction-to-earth-science/

Earth Science test questions and answers | Get Access To Earth Science Flashcards and exam tests

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Biology Earth Science Names Nomenclature Organisms Systematics

Binomial Nomenclature – Flashcards 16 terms

William Jordan

16 terms

Preview

Binomial Nomenclature – Flashcards

question

Interpretations based upon emotions or opinion are considered:

answer

subjective

question

Plants are living organisms.

answer

True

question

Which phrase best describes plants?

answer

they are living

question

A precise scientific description of life is not easy to find.

answer

True

question

Common names given to organisms may be useful locally, but may become meaningless on a basis.

answer

global

question

The currently used binomial nomenclature was developed by

answer

Linnaeus

question

Why does binomial nomenclature use Latin?

answer

it was a language of study for all educated peopl

question

In binomial nomenclature, the genus functions as the , and the species functions as the .

answer

generic name species name

question

The rankings of Class, Order, and Family are referred to as:

answer

taxa

question

A kingdom may be subdivided into only one Phylum.

answer

False

question

An "Order" may be subdivided into (consist of) several:

answer

Families

question

The language of taxonomy is usually:

answer

Latin

question

The correct form for writing binomial nomenclature is:

answer

Genus species

question

Humans differ from all other life forms by possessing a:

answer

soul and spirit

question

Rules for naming plants and animals are found in _____ .

answer

the International Code of Nomenclature

question

Problems in using common names to universally identify living things include:

answer

Names mean different things to different people. Foreign names may not be understood. Many names may exist for the same organism. There may be no common name for an organism.

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Earth And Space Science Earth Science Fundamentals Of Geology Geology Grams Per Cubic Centimeter Silicon Oxygen Tetrahedron

Mineral – Essay/Short Answer – Flashcards 6 terms

Jaxon Wilson

6 terms

Preview

Mineral – Essay/Short Answer – Flashcards

question

Why is a mineral color not helpful for identifying minerals?

answer

Same mineral may have different colors

question

Several layers are peeled from a piece of muscovite mica. What property of minerals does this illustrate? Describe the property in mica.

answer

It illustrates property of cleavage. Mica has ability to split along planes of weakness. It breaks cleanly into sheets.

question

What does the presence of cleavage planes within a mineral tell you about the chemical bonds that hold the mineral together?

answer

The chemical bonds are weak.

question

What is a crystal?

answer

Crystal is MATTER,/SOLID that is formed from an ORDERED ARRANGEMENT or atoms, ions, and molecules in REPEATING PATTERNS.

question

Do all crystals have smooth crystal faces? Explain.

answer

No. They do not all have smooth crystal faces. They can be many different shapes. cubic, hexagonal, blocky or brick and more.

question

What is the most abundant MINERAL GROUP in Earth's crust? What ELEMENTS are ALWAYS found in the minerals included in this group?

answer

Silicates are the most abundant mineral group; Elements always found are Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)

STUDY

Earth Science Physical Science

6th Grade Science Study Guide – Flashcards 58 terms

Amber Moore

58 terms

Preview

6th Grade Science Study Guide – Flashcards

question

hypothesis

answer

An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question

question

infer

answer

guess correctly, to find out by reasoning; to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of thought; to hint, suggest, imply

question

controlled experiment

answer

experiment that tests the effect of a single variable

question

variable

answer

something in an experiment that can change

question

independent variable

answer

variable that is changed in an experiment

question

dependent variable

answer

the variable that is measured in an experiment

question

constant

answer

variable that is not changed in an experiment

question

critical thinking

answer

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions

question

data

answer

the information gathered from observations.

question

Earth science

answer

The study of earth and space; includes geology, meteorology, astronomy, and oceanography

question

life science

answer

The study of living things

question

model

answer

represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it

question

physical science

answer

the study of matter and energy

question

science

answer

the study of the natural world

question

scientific law

answer

A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data

question

scientific theory

answer

A well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

question

system

answer

an organized group of parts that work together to form a whole

question

technology

answer

tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs

question

measurement

answer

a quantity that has both a number and a unit

question

precision

answer

the exactness of a measurement

question

accuracy

answer

How close a measurement is to the true value

question

description

answer

an explanation of an observation

question

answer

the international system of units

question

meter

answer

The basic SI unit of length

question

volume

answer

the amount of space an object takes up

question

mass

answer

the amount of matter in an object

question

kilogram

answer

SI unit for mass, one thousand grams

question

weight

answer

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

question

kelvin

answer

SI unit for temperature, - fundamental SI unit of temperature where zero degrees Kelvin is equal to absolute zero.

question

rate

answer

amount of change of one measurement in a given amount of time

question

table

answer

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

question

graph

answer

A diagram that shows how two variables are related.

question

line graph

answer

shows the relationship between two variables, shows change over time

question

bar graph

answer

a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to display data

question

circle graph

answer

A graph of data where the entire circle represents the whole or 100%, shows parts of a whole

question

estimation

answer

method of making an educated guess at a measurement, An approximate calculation of quantity

question

J.J. Thompson

answer

used the cathode ray tube to discover the electron

question

Lavoisier

answer

(1743-1794) father of modern chemistry - co discovered oxygen and hydrogen, introduced metric system, invented first periodic table. Beheaded in French Revolution

question

Ernest Rutherford

answer

British physicist discovered the nucleus, gold foil experiment- fired negative ions at thin sheet of gold foil, some particles were deflected almost as if it hit something solid

question

Chadwick

answer

discovered the neutron, introduced Law of Conservation of Matter

question

John Dalton

answer

discovered the atomic theory, or the idea that everything was made up of atoms, created first model of the atom

question

Periodic Table of Elements

answer

the scientific chart that contains an arrangement of all known elements into a particular order based upon the number of protons and other properties of each element.

question

How many known elements in the Periodic Table of Elements

answer

115

question

How many elements in the Periodic Table of Elements are naturally occuring

answer

question

Metals

answer

elements on the periodic table with high luster, good electrical conductivity, malleability, and loosely held valence electrons.

question

Non-Metals

answer

elements on the periodic table that are usually dull in appearance, poor conductors of heat and electricity, gases at room temperature

question

Transitional metals

answer

elements on the periodic table that are used because they have high melting points and are hard.

question

Semi-metals

answer

elements on the periodic table that have properties of both metals and nonmetals

question

Noble gases

answer

non-metallic elements on the periodic table which contain the most stable and nonreactive elements (also called the inert gases because they do not participate in many chemical reactions)

question

Atomic Number

answer

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

question

Atomic Mass

answer

total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units

question

Chemical Symbol

answer

a one or two letter representation of an element, the abbreviation for the name of an element

question

Number of protons

answer

equals number of electrons

question

Number of neutrons

answer

Mass number - atomic number

question

Number of electrons

answer

equals the number of protons

question

Matter

answer

that which has mass and occupies space

question

Atoms

answer

the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.

question

Elements

answer

a molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.

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Big Bang Theory Chemistry Earth Science Life Science PE And Health

Dependent And Independent Variables Test Questions – Flashcards 27 terms

Jazzlyn Howe

27 terms

Preview

Dependent And Independent Variables Test Questions – Flashcards

question

variables

answer

used in math and science; something that CAN be changed

question

constant

answer

something that CANNOT change

question

manipulate/independent variable

answer

one factor changed by the person doing the experiment; "manipulated variable"

question

response/dependent variable

answer

factors being measured in an experiment; changes in response to the changes in the independent/manipulated variable; also known as the "response variable"

question

constants

answer

factors that stay the SAME in an experiment

question

What does a scientist do after she manipulates (changes) the manipulated (independent) variable?

answer

observes

question

Where is the manipulated/independent variable usually plotted?

answer

On the X-axis of a graph

question

response/dependent variable

answer

dependent variable; responds to changes in other variables in the experiment; the factor being measured in an experiment (what is observed AFTER the experiment)

question

manipulated/independent variable

answer

independent variable; the one factor that is changed by the person doing the experiment (what we know before the experiment)

question

Where is the dependent/response variable usually plotted?

answer

On the Y-axis of a graph

question

controlled variables

answer

quantities that a scientist wants to remain the same (constant); must be observed as CAREFULLY as the response variables

question

Experimental Scientific Method

answer

a set of scientific processes that scientists use to answer questions and solves problems in the world around them (cause/effect relationships)

question

Experiment

answer

an investigation designed to find out how variables affect outcomes or results

question

Variable

answer

anything that can change in an experiment that might affect the outcome

question

Controlled Experiment

answer

an experiment in which ONE variable is changed and the outcome is compared to a standard (control)

question

Standard or Control

answer

the basic procedure used in a controlled experiment, before changing any of the variables

question

Hypothesis

answer

an educated guess/prediction based on information and experience

question

Data

answer

pieces of information collected in an experiment/investigation

question

Repeated Trials

answer

Experimental tests done more than once.

question

Conclusions

answer

a statement that describes what an experiment/investigation showed, based on observations and data

question

Two-Coordinate Graph

answer

shows the outcome of a series of experiments when a variable is changed by increment (steps)

question

X-axis

answer

the horizontal axis on a graph (independent/manipulated variable)

question

Y-axis

answer

the vertical axis on a graph (dependent/response variable)

question

Pendulum

answer

a mass hung from a fixed point, free to swing back and forth when put into motion (grandfather clock, swing)

question

Cycle

answer

any motion of an object that periodically repeats (example: one full swing of the pendulum=one cycle)

question

Mean or Average

answer

usual; typical; MIDDLE

question

System

answer

a set of parts that are related in some way and work together (a part can be isolated in a controlled experiment)

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Astronomy Conservation Of Angular Momentum Earth Science Electromagnetic Waves Physical Science

Science: 24.1 The Study of Light – Flashcards 16 terms

Sara Graham

16 terms

Preview

Science: 24.1 The Study of Light – Flashcards

question

Why is it important to study light?

answer

Almost everything we know about our universe beyond earth comes from analysing light

question

what is electromagnetic radiation?

answer

The arrangement of electromagnetic waves according to their wavelengths and frequencies

question

The 7 types of energy that make up the electromagnetic spectrum are:

answer

gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared radiation, micro waves, and radio waves

question

what does light behave as?

answer

Light sometimes behaves as like waves and at other times like particles

question

How can you show that visible light is made up of many different wavelengths?

answer

seeing light pass through a prism

question

Photons are:

answer

particles of light

question

How are frequency and wavelength related?

answer

High frequency = short wavelength Low frequency = long wavelength

question

what waves have the highest frequency?

answer

gamma rays

question

absorption spectrum:

answer

a band of color with a series of dark lines running through it

question

continuous spectrum:

answer

uninterrupted band of color

question

emission spectrum:

answer

series of bright lines in particular wavelengths

question

What can a star's spectrum tell about the star?

answer

it's elements, and thus the chemical makeup

question

Doppler Effect:

answer

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

question

when light source and sound moves AWAY from an observer:

answer

Light becomes redder, and pitch becomes lower

question

when light source and sound moves TOWARD an observer

answer

Light becomes bluer, and pitch becomes higher

question

how is the doppler effect used in astronomy?

answer

used to determine whether a star or other body in space is moving away from, or toward earth

STUDY

Earth And Space Science Earth Science Physical Science

Rocks and Minerals Study Guide – Flashcards 12 terms

Alice Rees

12 terms

Preview

Rocks and Minerals Study Guide – Flashcards

question

Rock

answer

Natural solid that is usually a mixture of minerals.

question

Mineral

answer

natural non-living solid material found on earth, building of rocks

question

Streak

answer

Color of a powdered mineral when it is rubbed across unglazed ceramic tile

question

Luster

answer

How a mineral reflects light from the surface

question

Texture

answer

Rough, smooth, bumpy, soapy. How something feels to touch.

question

Hardness

answer

resistance of mineral to being scratched

question

Cleavage

answer

Splitting of minerals along smooth surfaces

question

Moh's Scale

answer

Created by scientist Friedrich Mohs, a scale for comparing the hardness of minerals with one another.

question

Metamorphic rock

answer

Rock that is changed into new rock by heat and pressure

question

Ingneous rock

answer

Rock formed by melted rock., rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

question

Color

answer

The pigment of the sample

question

Sedimentary rock

answer

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.

STUDY

Earth And Space Science Earth Science Geology Iron And Nickel

Chapter 10: Earthquakes (Study Guide) – Flashcards 22 terms

Ben Powell

22 terms

Preview

Chapter 10: Earthquakes (Study Guide) – Flashcards

question

How do we know about Earth's internal layers?

answer

Waves refract and reflect at boundaries

question

How was the Moho discovered?

answer

Seismic waves travel faster through the mantle than through the crust. Seismic-velocity discontinuities define boundaries in the mantle.

question

Earthquake

answer

A vibration caused by the sudden breaking or frictional slip on a fault (release of elastic energy) and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slip

question

What causes earthquakes?

answer

Sudden formation of a new fault, sudden slip on an existing fault, phase change, movement of magma, landslide or meteorite impact

question

Where do earthquakes occur?

answer

Seismic belts/zones that coincide with plate boundaries (plate-boundary earthquakes); earthquakes that occur outside this zone are intraplate earthquakes. Happen between top 60km and 660 km of the Earth.

question

What six hazards are associated with earthquakes?

answer

Groundshaking/displacement, landslides, tsunamis, fires, liquefaction, flooding

question

P-Waves

answer

Compressional seismic waves that move through the body of the Earth. Primary wave; pressure or compressional wave (i.e. pushing/pulling a slinky). Travel fast through liquid and solid. Parallel.

question

S-Waves

answer

Seismic shear waves that pass through the body of the Earth. Secondary wave; shear wave. Particles are moved up and down to propagate the wave (i.e. flicking a rope). Travel slow through only solids. Perpendicular.

question

Body Waves

answer

P-Waves and S-Waves

question

Surface Waves

answer

Seismic waves that travel across Earth's surface. Slow but destructive and produce the most damage. Lower frequency and decay more slowly, cause tall buildings to vibrate more.

question

Love Waves

answer

Surface wave that are ripple/snake-like

question

Rayleigh Waves

answer

Surface wave that ripple up and down

question

How can seismologists pinpoint the location of an earthquake from seismographs?

answer

P-Waves travel faster than S-Waves; the interval between their time travel curve increases with distance. By matching the observed interval to the curves, the distance from the station to the epicenter can be found. S-P time indicates how far away the earthquake was. Must have distance of earthquake from three stations.

question

Recurrence Interval

answer

The average time between earthquake events

question

Slip Rate

answer

The average rate at which one side of the fault moves with respect to the other side

question

Slip Rate Formula

answer

Slip Rate: Average slip per rupture/Recurrence interval

question

Seismic Gap

answer

Places that haven't slipped recently; likely earthquake candidate if stress is building up on the locked portion of the fault, waiting to be released by a future major earthquake

question

Induced Seismicity

answer

Seismic events caused by the actions of people. Commonly caused by waste-water injection, not fracking

question

What is the relationship between earthquake magnitude and energy released by the earthquake?

answer

The higher the magnitude, the greater the energy released

question

What is the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the amount of shaking felt near the epicenter of the earth?

answer

The higher the magnitude, the more intense the shaking near the epicenter of the quake

question

What is the relationship between earthquake magnitude and how long shaking lasts?

answer

The higher the magnitude, the larger the fault area, the longer the duration of the earthquake, the longer the shaking lasts

question

What is the relationship between earthquake magnitude and how often that size earthquake occurs worldwide?

answer

The higher the magnitude, the less frequently it occurs

STUDY

Earth Science Ecology Environmental Science Law Of Supply And Demand

Environmental Science Final Exam Review – Flashcards 122 terms

Jay Barber

122 terms

Preview

Environmental Science Final Exam Review – Flashcards

question

Environmental Science

answer

The study of the impact of humans on the environment.

question

Ecology

answer

the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment.

question

Ecological Footprint

answer

The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to support a person or population.

question

Natural Resource

answer

any material in nature that people use and value.

question

Pollution

answer

Release of harmful materials into the environment.

question

Biodiversity

answer

variety of many different species in an area, the variety of species living within an ecosystem.

question

Hunter-Gatherers

answer

people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive.

question

Agricultural Revolution

answer

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. Started 10,000 years ago.

question

Industrial Revolution

answer

the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.

question

Sustainability

answer

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained.

question

Biodegradable

answer

Able to be broken down naturally.

question

Geosphere

answer

The mostly soild, rocky part of the earth; extends from the center of the core to the surfaceof the crust.

question

Lithosphere

answer

the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle.

question

Asthenosphere

answer

The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it.

question

Tectonic Plate

answer

a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle.

question

Erosion

answer

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another.

question

Atmosphere

answer

the mass of air surrounding the Earth.

question

Troposphere

answer

The lowest layer of the atmoshere, in which temerature decreases at a constant rate as altitude increases.

question

Stratosphere

answer

the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature increases as you go up. Roughly 10-50 km above the earth.

question

Ozone

answer

a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms.

question

Greenhouse Effect

answer

warming of the Earth due to the insulating effect of gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.

question

Water Cycle

answer

the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back.

question

Evaporation

answer

the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas.

question

Condensation

answer

the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state.

question

Precipitation

answer

the falling to earth of any form of water. (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)

question

Salinity

answer

the relative proportion of salt in a solution.

question

Biosphere

answer

the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist.

question

Ecosystem

answer

a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment.

question

Biotic Factor

answer

a living part of an ecosystem.

question

Abiotic Factor

answer

a nonliving part of an ecosystem.

question

Organism

answer

A living thing.

question

Species

answer

group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

question

Population

answer

a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area.

question

Community

answer

(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.

question

Habitat

answer

Place where an Organism lives.

question

Natural Selection

answer

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.

question

Evolution

answer

change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

question

Adaptation

answer

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival.

question

Artificial Selection

answer

selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms.

question

Resistance

answer

ability to tolerate a chemical or disease.

question

Archebacteria

answer

prokaryotic live in harsh enviroments.

question

Eubacteria

answer

True bacteria.

question

Fungus

answer

decomposer.

question

Protist

answer

algae and protozones.

question

Gymnosperm

answer

cone bearing plants.

question

Angiosperm

answer

flowering plants.

question

Invertebrate

answer

animals without backbones.

question

Vertebrate

answer

animals with backbones.

question

Photosynthesis

answer

plants using sunlight to make food.

question

Producer

answer

makes it's own food.

question

Consumer

answer

must find and eat food.

question

Decomposer

answer

breaks down dead organisms.

question

Cellular Respiration

answer

how an organism uses food for energy.

question

Food Chain

answer

pathway of energy tranfer by feeding.

question

Food Web

answer

a diagram of feeding relationships.

question

Carbon Cycle

answer

the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again.

question

Nitrogen Cycle

answer

the transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere.

question

Ecological Succession

answer

gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance.

question

Primary Succession

answer

succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.

question

Secondary Succession

answer

succession on a site where an existing community has been disrupted.

question

Pioneer Species

answer

first species to populate an area during primary succession.

question

Climax Community

answer

Last community in a succession.

question

Biome

answer

a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate.

question

Climate

answer

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time.

question

Latitude

answer

an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator.

question

Altitude

answer

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface.

question

Population Density

answer

number of individuals per unit area.

question

Dispersion

answer

The pattern of distribution of organisms in a population.

question

Growth Rate

answer

population growth over time.

question

Exponential Growth

answer

growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.

question

Carrying Capacity

answer

largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support.

question

Niche

answer

(ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community. (affecting its survival as a species)

question

Predation

answer

the act of preying by a predator who kills and eats the prey.

question

Parasitism

answer

Symbolic relationship in which one organism lives on or in another organism and harms it.

question

Mutualism

answer

symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.

question

Symbiosis

answer

relationship in which two species live closely together.

question

Demography

answer

the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations.

question

Age Structure

answer

proportion of people in different age groups in a population.

question

Fertility Rate

answer

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area.

question

Migration

answer

the movement of persons from one country or locality to another.

question

Life Expectancy

answer

an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities.

question

Mortality

answer

death rate.

question

Emigration

answer

movement of individuals out of an area.

question

Immigration

answer

movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population.

question

Developed

answer

industrialized, lower population growth.

question

Developing

answer

agricultural, higher population growth.

question

Endangered Species

answer

close to extinction.

question

Threatened Species

answer

a species that could become endangered in the near future.

question

Exotic Species

answer

organisms that are not native to a particular area.

question

Poaching

answer

illegal hunting.

question

Endemic Species

answer

species that are native to and found only within a limited area.

question

Surface Water

answer

Water above the surface of the land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, floodwater, and runoff.

question

River System

answer

a river and its tributaries.

question

Watershed

answer

the area of land that is drained by a water system.

question

Groundwater

answer

water under the earth's surface.

question

Aquifer

answer

a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater.

question

Porosity

answer

The percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consists of open spaces.

question

Permeability

answer

ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it.

question

Recharge Zone

answer

an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer.

question

Potable

answer

suitable for drinking.

question

Reservoir

answer

artificial body of water.

question

Point-Source Pollution

answer

Pollutants discharged from a single identifiable location (e.g., pipes, ditches, channels, sewers, tunnels, containers of various types).

question

Non-Point Pollution

answer

water pollution that does not have a specific point of origin.

question

Thermal Pollution

answer

The excessive heating of a body of water.

question

Biomagnifications

answer

The accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain.

question

Primary Pollutant

answer

a pollutant that is put directly into the air by human activity.

question

Secondary Pollutant

answer

A pollutant that forms in the atmosphere by chemical reaction with primary pollutants, natural compenents of the air, or both.

question

Smog

answer

smoke and fog.

question

Acid Precipitation

answer

acid rain.

question

Ozone Layer

answer

a layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

question

Chloroflurocarbons

answer

A compound causing ozone depletion. This reaction occurs in polar stratopheric clouds over Antartica.

question

Ozone Hole

answer

an area of the ozone layer (near the poles) that is seasonally depleted of ozone.

question

Greenhouse Gases

answer

gases in the atmosphere that trap energy.

question

Kyoto Protocol

answer

Countries which ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide.

question

Fossil Fuel

answer

energy source from dead organsims.

question

Nuclear Energy

answer

energy from atomic fission and fusion.

question

Renewable Energy

answer

self making energy.

question

Solar Energy

answer

energy from the sun.

question

Biomass Fuel

answer

Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste.

question

Hydroelectric Energy

answer

energy from water.

question

Geothermal Energy

answer

energy from heat.

question

Alternative Energy

answer

energy not from fossil fuels.

STUDY

Earth Science Geology Physical Science Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics Study Guide – Flashcards 18 terms

Jacoby Flores

18 terms

Preview

Plate Tectonics Study Guide – Flashcards

question

What is a fault?

answer

The surface along which rocks break and slide past each other.

question

What is a subduction zone?

answer

The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere.

question

What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

answer

The Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonics plates that move around on top of the mantle.

question

Since new ocean floor is constantly being made at a Divergent Plate Boundary, what happens to the old ocean floor so that the Earth doesn't grow in size?

answer

It gets subducted and recycled

question

List 3 pieces of evidence that support the Theory of Continental Drift

answer

1. Similarity of fossils found on continental coasts. 2. The close fit of the continental coastlines. 3. The matching of glacial grooves on different continents.

question

What forms when an oceanic plate is subducted under a continental plate as in a Convergent Plate Boundary?

answer

An ocean trench and volcanic mountains.

question

What causes the movents of tectonic plates?

answer

Convection currents

question

What happens to the tectonic plates at a divergent plate boundary?

answer

It's when 2 tectonic plates move away from one another

question

What part of the Earth is a liquid?

answer

The outer core

question

What layers of the earth is the lithosphere made of?

answer

The crust and rigid upper part of the mantle.

question

What happens to tectonic plates at a lateral slipping plate boundary?

answer

Two tectonic plates slide past each other

question

What is the name that Wedener gave the acident continent that contained all the landmasses?

answer

Pangaea

question

What is the one item that the core is mostly made of?

answer

Iron

question

What happens to tectonic plates at a convergent boundary?

answer

There is a collision between 2 plates

question

Earth's lightest materials make up what layers of the Earth?

answer

The crust

question

What layer of the Earth makes up most of its mass?

answer

The mantle

question

Scientists have found Glossopteris fossils in Antarctica, India, South America and Africa. What explains this strange distribution of fossils?

answer

Those areas were once connected to each other

question

Which layer of the Earth is made up of tectonic plates?

answer

The Lithosphere

STUDY

Earth And Space Science Earth Science Hubble Space Telescope Light Particle Physics Physical Chemistry Spectroscopy

24.1 The Study of Light – Flashcards 7 terms

Karlie Mack

7 terms

Preview

24.1 The Study of Light – Flashcards

question

Electromagnetic spectrum

answer

The arrangement of electromagnetic radiation according to wavelength

question

Photon

answer

A small packet of light energy

question

Continuous spectrum

answer

An uninterrupted band of light emitted by an incandescent solid, liquid, or gas under pressure

question

Absorption spectrum

answer

A continuous spectrum produced when white light is passed through a cool gas under low pressure; The gas absorbs selected wavelengths of light, and the spectrum looks like it has dark line superimposed

question

Emission spectrum

answer

A series of bright lines of particle wavelengths produced by hot gas under low pressure

question

Spectroscopy

answer

The study of the properties of light that depends on wavelength

question

Doppler effect

answer

The apparent change in frequent of electromagnetic or sound waves caused by the realities motions of the source and the observer

STUDY

AP Environmental Science Earth Science Environmental Science

Branches of Science/ Earth Science – Flashcards 26 terms

Jaxon Wilson

26 terms

Preview

Branches of Science/ Earth Science – Flashcards

question

Four major branches in Earth Science

answer

Geology, Oceanography, Meteorology, and Astronomy

question

Special Branches in Earth Science

answer

Ecology, Geochemistry, Environmental Science, Geography, and Cartography

question

Geology

answer

The origin, history, and structure of the Earth and the processes that shape the Earth

question

Volcanologist

answer

Geologist who studies the volcanoes

question

Seismologist

answer

Geologist who studies earthquakes

question

Paleontologist

answer

Geologist who studies fossils

question

Oceanography

answer

The study of the sea (meaning oceans, bays, and seas)

question

Physical Oceanographer

answer

Studies physical features of waves and currents on weather patterns and aquatic life

question

Biological Oceanographer

answer

Studies the plants and animals that live in the ocean

question

Geological Oceanographer

answer

Studies and explores the ocean floor

question

Chemical Oceanographer

answer

Studies the amounts and distributions of natural and human- made chemicals in the ocean

question

Meteorology

answer

Studies the Earth's atmosphere as it relates to weather and climate

question

Meteorologist

answer

A scientist who studies the Earth's atmosphere as it relates to weather and climate

question

Astronomist

answer

A scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars, and galaxies

question

Astronomy

answer

Study of the universe

question

Environmental Science

answer

The study of how humans interact with the environment

question

Geography

answer

Study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena

question

Ecology

answer

Study the relationships between organisms and their surroundings

question

Geochemistry

answer

Study of geology and chemistry

question

Geochemist

answer

Studies the chemistry of rocks, minerals, and soil

question

Cartography

answer

Cartographers make maps

question

OCEANOGRAPHY includes

answer

studying the gases and minerals of the ocean, the living organisms of the ocean like the plants and animals, the volcanoes, sand, and salts of the ocean floor, and the motions of the ocean like the waves, tides, and currents.

question

Geology includes

answer

studying erosion that can shape planet Earth and studying the minerals and rocks that make up the Earth.

question

Meteorology Includes

answer

studying the conditions of the Earth's atmosphere, weather events such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and tsunami's, and the climate

question

Astronomy Includes

answer

studying the solar system, constellations, and the universe beyond the earth

question

Environmental Science includes

answer

studying how human activities affect the Earth's land and how to solve problems like pollution

STUDY

Climatology Earth Science Environmental Science

Meteorology Study Guide – Flashcards 26 terms

Jacob Herring

26 terms

Preview

Meteorology Study Guide – Flashcards

question

What is weather?

answer

The condition of the Earths atmosphere at a particular time and place.

question

Order the layers of the atmosphere

answer

Troposphere, stratosphere, Mesoshere, Thermoshere

question

What is the basic division of the layers?

answer

The pauses which are temperature differences

question

What happens in each layer of the atmosphere?

answer

Troposphere- weather Stratosphere-

question

How do winds form?

answer

Unequal heating of the earths atmosphere

question

The two items that characterise air masses.

answer

Temperature and humidity

question

What gas drives storm systems?

answer

Water vapor

question

What is a front?

answer

The boundary between two air masses

question

Cold front

answer

Cold air moves into warmer air, rain cool temps thunderstorms

question

Stationary front

answer

Neither air mass moves clouds and little rain

question

Occluded front weather

answer

Warm air cought between cold air cloudy and rainy

question

What is humidity?

answer

...

question

specific humidity

answer

Amount of water vapor in the air

question

Three states of matter

answer

Liquid, solid, gad

question

What is dew point?

answer

The point when saturation occurs

question

What is air pressure?

answer

Weight of all the air in the atmosphere pressing down on Earth

question

Why doea air have pressure?

answer

Air has mass

question

As altitude increases, air pressure...

answer

Decreases

question

Three ingredients for cloud formation

answer

Water vapor, cpndensation nuclei, cooling

question

Types of clouds

answer

Cirrus, stratus, cumulus, cumulonimbus

question

Types of fog

answer

Radiation fog and advection fog

question

What two items describe climate?

answer

Temperature and precipitation

question

Why is our atmosphere important?

answer

...

question

What is the greenhouse effect and how does it work?

answer

...

question

Warm front

answer

Warm air moves into cold air little rain, clouds, warmer temps

question

Relative humidity

answer

Actual amount of water vapor in the air compared to the max amount the temp of the air can hold

STUDY

AP Environmental Science Earth And Space Science Earth Science

Earth’s History Mr. Mosel – Flashcards 23 terms

Roman Peck

23 terms

Preview

Earth’s History Mr. Mosel – Flashcards

question

How long ago did Earth form?

answer

4.56 billion years ago

question

What do scientists use to study Precambrian time?

answer

Ores mined from shields (flat expanse of metamorphic rock)

question

The earth's original atmosphere was composed of these gases?

answer

water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and several trace gases

question

How did Earth's atmosphere changed during Precambrian time?

answer

The amount of oxygen increased.

question

What are stromatolites?

answer

They are layered mounds of deposits made by Precambrian algae.

question

What was the first period of the Paleozoic era?

answer

Cambrian

question

Name the two continents that formed Pangaea.

answer

Laurasia and Gondwana

question

What present day continents formed Gondwana?

answer

South America, Africa, Antarctica, and Australia

question

The breakup of Pangaea occurred during this era.

answer

Mesozoic

question

Which plants were among those that were common during the Mesozoic era?

answer

Cycads, conifers, and the ginkgoes

question

Most scientists believe the extinction of Mesozoic life was caused by this.

answer

A collision with a large meteorite.

question

The term Cenozoic means this.

answer

Era of recent life

question

Which major animal group replaced dinosaurs and reptiles in the Cenozoic era?

answer

Mammals

question

Which of the following animal groups benefited significantly during the Cenozoic era by being able to give birth to live young?

answer

Mammals

question

The time known as the Precambrian began approximately how many years ago.

answer

4.56 billion years ago

question

What was the era that followed the Precambrian?

answer

Paleozoic

question

During the late Paleozoic, this supercontinent joined all the major landmasses together.

answer

Pangea

question

The breakup of Pangaea began during this era.

answer

Mesozoic

question

A large meteorite is believed to have caused the massive extinction that occurred at the end of this era

answer

Mesozoic

question

How was the atmosphere after Earth's formation different from today's atmosphere?

answer

Earth's early atmosphere contained only water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other trace gases. The atmosphere contained gases similar to those release in a volcanic eruption. Today's atmosphere contains oxygen and other gases and is more condusive to life.

question

What is a trilobite?

answer

First organism to have a hard shell that protected them and allowed their body organs to function in a more controlled environment.

question

Which era did trilobites exist?

answer

Paleozoic

question

What is the order of the four eras

answer

Precambrain, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

STUDY

Chemistry Earth Science Physical Science

Unit 1 Matter Study Guide – Flashcards 17 terms

Ben Stevenson

17 terms

Preview

Unit 1 Matter Study Guide – Flashcards

question

Define matter and list the states of matter. Give an example of each.

answer

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). - Solid- ice cube - Liquid- water - Gas- steam

question

What is an atom? Name the sub-atomic parts of an atom and describe where they are located within the atom.

answer

An atom is the smallest particle of an element; the building blocks of all matter. The sub-atomic parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons- positive (+) charged particles in an atom, located in the nucleus Neutrons- uncharged particles in an atom, located in the nucleus Electrons- negative (-) charged particles in an atom, located in the energy rings

question

What is a physical change? Give at least 3 examples of physical changes.

answer

Observed or measured without changing the substance. No new substance is formed. - Tearing fabric - Folding clothes - Cutting paper

question

What is a chemical change? Give at least 3 examples of a chemical change.

answer

Changing the substance into something else. A new substance is formed. - A nail rusting - Wood burning - Baking a cake

question

What are elements?

answer

Elements consist of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

question

What is vaporization? What is condensation?

answer

Vaporization is a liquid becoming a gas. Condensation is when matter goes from a gas to a liquid.

question

In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of _________ and is the same as the ______ ______.

answer

In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons and is the same as the atomic number.

question

Describe the difference between the particles in a solid, liquid, and gas. Explain in detail.

answer

The particles of a solid are tightly packed in a regular pattern. They vibrate, but do not move from place to place. A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles of a liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. They vibrate and slide past each other. A liquid has a definite volume but doesn't have a definite shape. The particles of a gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. They move about rapidly. A gas doesn't have a definite shape nor a definite volume.

question

The mass of an element can be found by adding what two numbers?

answer

To find the mass of an atom, add the atomic number and the number of neutrons.

question

The atomic number of an element an be found by looking at the number of _____ and _____.

answer

The atomic number of an element can be found by looking at the number of protons and electrons.

question

How do you find the number of neutrons an atom has in its nucleus?

answer

You subtract the mass number minus the atomic number.

question

Define mixture and compound. Give an example of each.

answer

Mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. An example is a salad. Compound is a substance formed when 2 or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. An example is water (hydrogen and oxygen).

question

Explain solubility. Give 2 examples of a substance that is soluble and 2 examples of a substance that is not soluble.

answer

Solubility is the property of a substance to dissolve. Salt in water and sugar in sweet tea are examples of soluble substances. Oil in water and sand in water are examples of insoluble substances.

question

Define mass and volume. Compare them.

answer

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured using a Triple Beam Balance. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Volume is measured using a Graduated Cylinder. They're similar because in every object there is both mass and volume. They're different because mass is the amount of matter and volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

question

Describe freezing and boiling points.

answer

Freezing point is the temperature in which a liquid becomes a solid. Example: Water's freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius. Boiling point is the temperature in which a liquid becomes a gas. Example: Water's boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius. **** Melting point is the temperature in which a solid becomes a liquid. **** Key Word... Point = Temperature

question

If the mass of a substance changes, does it affect points of state?

answer

No, it doesn't affect the freezing point, melting point, or boiling point.

question

How do chemical bonds affect the atoms of a molecule?

answer

Chemical bonds are the attraction between atoms.

STUDY

AP Environmental Science Earth Science

Earth Science – Lesson 12 – Flashcards 51 terms

Ben Powell

51 terms

Preview

Earth Science – Lesson 12 – Flashcards

question

What is an earthquake?

answer

movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move

question

What is Elastic rebound?

answer

the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

question

What is focus?

answer

location along the fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs; depths vary.

question

What is shallow foci?

answer

0-70 km; 90% of continental earthquakes; most damaging earthquakes

question

What is Intermediate foci?

answer

70-300 km

question

What is deep foci?

answer

300-650 km; usually by subduction zones

question

What is the Epicenter?

answer

the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus

question

What are Seismic waves?

answer

vibrations produced as energy is released by rocks as they slip into a new position

question

Name 2 main types of waves:

answer

1. Body waves 2. Surface waves

question

What are Body waves?

answer

waves that travel through the body of a medium

question

What are Surface waves?

answer

waves that travel along the surface of a body rather that through the middle; Form from the conversion of energy when P and S waves reach Earth's surface. Slowest-moving, cause the most damage

question

Name 2 types of Body waves-

answer

1. P waves-primary/compression waves 2. S waves-secondary/shear waves

question

What are P waves?

answer

primary/compression waves; -Fastest;always the first waves detected -Particles of rock move in a back and forth direction that is parallel to the direction in which the wave is traveling -Can travel through solids, liquids or gasses (more rigid the material is, the faster the wave travels)

question

What are S waves?

answer

secondary/shear waves; -Second fastest waves; second waves detected -Particles of rock move in a side-to-side direction that is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is moving -Can only travel through solid material

question

Name 2 types of Surface waves-

answer

1. Love waves- 2. Rayleigh waves-

question

What are Love Waves?

answer

Cause rocks to move side to side and perpendicular to the direction in which the waves are traveling

question

What are Rayleigh waves?

answer

Cause rocks to move in an elliptical, rolling motion

question

How can waves tell us about the earth's interior?

answer

The different speed and direction S and P waves travel through the Earth's interior can help scientists learn about the Earth's interior

question

Who was Andrija Mohorovicic?

answer

1909 Croatian scientist Discovered the boundary between the crust and the mantle (10-30 km)

question

Name the 3 compositional layers

answer

-crust, mantle, core

question

Name the 5 mechanical layers

answer

-lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

question

What are Shadow zones?

answer

locations on Earth's surface where no body waves from a particular earthquake can be detected

question

Where do most earthquakes occur?

answer

Most earthquakes occur at the 3 main tectonic environments because stress on rocks is greatest here

question

Describe earthquakes at Convergent Oceanic Environments-

answer

Earthquakes occur as the overriding plate scrapes against the top of the submerging plate

question

Describe earthquakes at Divergent Oceanic Environments-

answer

Spreading motion at the mid-ocean ridge causes earthquakes

question

Describe earthquakes at Continental Environments-

answer

As continental plates converge, diverge, or slide past each other horizontally rocks undergo stress. Stress causes mountains to form and earthquakes to occur

question

What are fault zones?

answer

-Regions of numerous, closely spaced faults -Occur at plate boundaries where plates subduct, collide, or move past each other horizontally -When enough stress builds up, movement occurs along one or more fault. This may cause major earthquakes

question

True/False: All earthquakes occur near plate boundaries

answer

False: Not all earthquakes occur near plate boundaries -Old, large fault zones may be located away from plate boundaries. These may cause earthquakes -1811 and 1812 earthquakes in New Madrid, Missouri

question

What is Seismology?

answer

the study of earthquakes

question

What is a Seismograph?

answer

An instrument that detects and records vibrations in the ground Modern ones measure vertical motion, and horizontal motion (east-west and north-south)

question

What does a Seismogram do?

answer

Tracing of earthquake motion that is recorded by a seismograph -P waves recorded first, S waves recorded second, Surface waves recorded last

question

How do scientists determine distance to an epicenter?

answer

To determine distance to an epicenter, scientists analyze the arrival times of the P and S waves. Longer lag time= further away the epicenter Earthquake's start time can also be determined this way

question

How do scientists determine the location of the epicenter?

answer

To determine the location of the epicenter, scientists use computers to triangulate the epicenter based on information from several seismograph stations. Must have information from at least three seismograph

question

What are the two measurements of an earthquake

answer

1) Magnitude (strength), and 2) intensity (damage)

question

What is Magnitude?

answer

Magnitude- Measure of the strength of an earthquake Due to amount of ground motion caused by an earthquake Measurement expressed by using scales: Richter and moment magnitude scale

question

What is the Richter Scale?

answer

measures magnitude based on ground motion

question

What is the Moment magnitude scale?

answer

preferred by scientists, based on strength, size of the area of the fault that moves, average distance fault block moves, and rigidity of the rocks in the fault zone

question

What is Intensity?

answer

In Earth science, the measure of the amount of damage caused by an earthquake.

question

How is intensity measured?

answer

Measured in the Modified Mercalli scale (Roman numerals I-XII)

question

How do most injuries result from earthquakes (5 things)

answer

Most injuries result from -the collapse of buildings and other structures -falling objects and flying glass -Landslides -Fires/explosions caused by broken electric/gas lines -Floodwaters from collapsing dams

question

What are Tsunamis?

answer

giant ocean wave formed after a volcanic eruption, submarine earthquake, or submarine landslide Movement of the ocean crust causes a series of long, low waves that increase in height as they near the shore (tsunamis)

question

T/F: Most buildings are designed to withstand the swaying motion caused by earthquakes

answer

False. Most buildings are not designed to withstand the swaying motion caused by earthquakes

question

How does the type of ground determine how a building responds in an earthquake?

answer

The type of ground can affect the way in which the building responds to seismic waves -Sand and clay vibrates violently

question

What are things you can do to prepare BEFORE an earthquake?

answer

Keep canned food, bottled water, flashlights, batteries, portable radio, and first aid kit. Plan how to react at home, in a car, or at school

question

What are things you can do to DURING an earthquake?

answer

Stay calm! At home, move to a safe position (under a doorway, under a desk/table) away from glass, heavy furniture. At school, follow teacher/principal's directions In a car, stop away from tall buildings, trees, tunnels, power lines, or bridges. Remain in the car until the tremors stop

question

What are things you can do to AFTER an earthquake?

answer

Be cautious. Wear shoes around broken glass. Avoid downed power lines and objects touched by downed wires

question

What can scientists do to predict earthquakes?

answer

-Scientists study past earthquakes to predict where/when future earthquakes will occur -Currently there is no reliable way of predicting exactly when or where an earthquake will occur -Scientists are trying to detect changes in Earth's crust that can signal an earthquake with instruments placed along faults

question

Name 3 methods scientists are using to predict earthquakes:

answer

1) Seismic gap 2) Foreshocks 3) Changes in rocks

question

How are earthquakes predicted using Seismic gap?

answer

An area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes occurred in the past

question

How are earthquakes predicted using Foreshocks?

answer

Sometimes earthquakes are preceded by little earthquakes called foreshocks. Can precede earthquakes by a few seconds or weeks

question

How are earthquakes predicted using changes in rocks?

answer

Tilting of rock, magnetic and electrical changes in rock detected by water put in cracks, and natural gas seepage may indicate earthquakes

STUDY

Along The Pacific Coast Climatology Earth And Space Science Earth Science

Science Lesson 26 Currents and Climate – Flashcards 37 terms

Patrick Turner

37 terms

Preview

Science Lesson 26 Currents and Climate – Flashcards

question

updwelling

answer

The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface. *Many fish come to feed near an upwelling.

question

El Nino

answer

A change in the surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean that produces a warm current. *The heavy rains were attributed to El Nino.

question

La Nina

answer

A change in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface water temperature becomes unusually cool. *La Nina often leads to drought in the United States.

question

Currents and Climate Objectives

answer

•Explain how currents affect climate •Describe the effects of El Nino •Explain how scientists study and predict the pattern of El Nino

question

Surface Currents and Climates •Affects Climates

answer

A climate would be determined by it's latitude or position north or south from the equator. But since the ocean currents move through it it can change the climate of the land.

question

Warm-Water Currents and Climate

answer

•Warm coastal areas -the warm water comes up from the equator •An example of this is the Gulf stream

question

Cold-Water Currents and Climate

answer

•Cools coastlands -cold water comes from the poles toward the equator and cools the land. •California Currents

question

Upwelling

answer

Happens when the winds bounce off the ocean and takes the warm water out and the cold water in.

question

El Nina

answer

The water temperature drops a couple of degrees.

question

El Nino

answer

The water is warm. •Effects of El Nino -can be extreme. -can cause a lot of rain in normally drier areas -can cause hurricanes, which can cause mudslides, and natural disasters. •Studying and predicting El Nino -only happens every 2-12 years -hard to study and predict *bouys are places in the ocean -attached to the bottom of the ocean and take measurements.

question

•Explain how currents affect climate

answer

Remember a cold-water or a warm-water current can either cool down or warm up the land it hits.

question

•Describe the effects of El Nino

answer

Great disasters can happen because of El Nino because it can change the whole weather pattern associated with the area, causing more or less rainfall to occur. Hurricanes, mudslides, etc...

question

•Explain how scientists study and predict the pattern of El Nino

answer

By putting indicators in the ocean and looking for any sort of change, they can actually determine if El Nino is going to be coming soon.

question

online content How do the waters of El Nino compare to the surrounding ocean? (site 1)

answer

El Nino produces a wind shear over the tropical Atlantic unlike our oceans.

question

online content How often does El Nino typically appear? (site 1)

answer

El Nino appears every 2-12 years, so no one can really predict , for sure, when El Nino is coming. Scientists have come up with something to help predict it.

question

online content How does El Nino affect Antarctica? (site 2)

answer

El Nino makes Antarctica even colder than it already is. In July 1997, El Nino came to Antarctica and caused the coldest July ever with temperatures of -86.8°F

question

Many marine organisms depend on upwelling to bring nutrients to the surface. How might El Nino affect a fisherman's way of life?

answer

El Nino prevents upwelling so the organisms wouldn't be able to get the nutrients they need. It will also bring natural disasters including hurricanes, which could bring bacterias to the water, and the fish would have a good chance of dying and there wouldn't be enough fish, or the fish would be contaminated by bacteria.

question

Explain how ocean temperatures affect the climate of coastal cities.

answer

Because the ocean can retain warmth it keeps the temperature of coastal areas milder than inland areas.

question

What causes an upwelling?

answer

When the wind hits the surface of the ocean it causes the cold, deep water to move up toward the surface.

question

El Nino can prevent upwelling along the Pacific Coast. What might happen if normal upwelling does not take place? Make predictions and support them with facts from the chapter.

answer

If it prevents an upwelling, the nutrients will stay on the bottom floor of the ocean. This harms the shoreline ecosystem.

question

When does El Nino occur?

answer

El Nino occurs every 2-12 years. It occurs when a huge sheet of warm water moves eastward across the Pacific Ocean.

question

Why do the cities of the East Coast have warmer climates than cities on the West Coast at similar latitudes?

answer

The East coast is warmer because it is affected by the warm gulf stream current, while the West coast cities are cooler because they are affects by the cool California Current.

question

Why does the fishing industry watch for upwellings eagerly?

answer

Upwelling brings all of the nutrients to the surface which means that the fish will all be there feeding.

question

What are currents?

answer

A current is a stream or river leading into a large body of water.

question

The negative effects of ___________ include flash floods, mudslides, and droughts.

answer

El Nino

question

What are the effects of El Nino?

answer

El Nino can change the climate of a huge area. It causes natural disasters like hurricanes and mudslides.

question

What forms of technology are scientists using to study the El Nino>

answer

They use buoys and satellites to measure the weather and other stuff like that to see if El Nino is coming

question

ocean current that cools the West Coast of the United States

answer

California Current

question

used to collect data to predict an El Nino

answer

buoys

question

a change in the water temperature of the Pacific Ocean that produces a warm current

answer

El Nino

question

A change in the water temperature of the eastern Pacific Ocean that produces cooler than usual surface water temperatures

answer

La Nina

question

What effect did El Nino have on Antarctica? a. Icebergs began to melt b. Coastal flooding c. A huge upwelling fed large new schools of fish d. Colder than normal temperatures

answer

d. Colder than normal temperatures

question

If ocean currents have changed their circulation patterns, you can conclude that a. patterns of wind circulation have also changed. b. the water is colder and denser than usual. c. the rate of evaporation has increased. d. the climate will be milder than usual.

answer

a. patterns of wind circulation have also changed.

question

What happens due to coral reef damage by El Nino? a. The ocean water gets warmer. b. Fish that depend on the reef die. c. The ocean water gets cooler. d. The reef supports more diversity of life.

answer

b. Fish that depend on the reef die.

question

an unusually long period during which rainfall is below average

answer

drought

question

Surface currents greatly affect the climate in many parts of the world. True or False

answer

True

question

How would California be different if there were no California Current? a. Its climate would be cooler. b. There would be less wind and fog. c. Its climate would be drier. d. Its climate would be warmer.

answer

d. Its climate would be warmer.

STUDY

Earth Science Environmental Science Fossils Paleontology

Relative Dating – Flashcards 17 terms

Alexander Rose

17 terms

Preview

Relative Dating – Flashcards

question

Index Fossil

answer

a fossil that is widespread geographically but only occurs in one layer or a small number of layers of rock

question

Law of original lateral continuity

answer

sediment deposited into water will spread in a horizontal and continuous sheet

question

Law of superposition

answer

any undisturbed sequence of layered rocks has the oldest rock on the bottom and newest rock on the top

question

Paleontology

answer

study of fossils

question

stratigraphy

answer

study of rock layers and the processes that form them

question

Law of original horizontality

answer

sediment deposited into water will settle at the bottom in flat, horizontal layers

question

Law of faunal and floral succession

answer

animals and plant fossils occur in consistent sequences through time, generally changing from simpler to more complex

question

Law of cross-cutting (or intrusive) relationships

answer

in a sequence of layered rocks, the crosscut, or intrusive feature, is younger than the layers it intercedes

question

Relative dating

answer

process to determine the general time sequence of historic events, rock strata, and fossils

question

In ___________ you study rock stata, and in __________ you study fossils.

answer

Stratigraphy and Paleontology

question

The Law of Superposition states:

answer

rock layers closest to the surface are the newest or youngest rock.

question

When sediments deposit in lakes or oceans, how do they lay?

answer

in flat horizontal layers

question

The law of original horizontality explains:

answer

why rock layers are always flat

question

Sediment layers stop lateral spreading when:

answer

they encounter a barrier and they run out of additional sedimentary material

question

Match each law or principle to its description. 1. law of original horizontality 2. law of superposition 3. law of original lateral continuity 4. law of cross-cutting or intrusive relationships

answer

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

question

A geologist is studying layers of rock. He finds a fossil with an imprint of a shelled animal. According to the law of faunal and floral succession, what kind of fossil would he most likely find next, in the layer of rock above it? Look back to the Fossil Succession Chart for help.

answer

a fossil of fishes

question

A fossil that is widespread geographically but only occurs in one or a small number of rock layers is called _____.

answer

an index fossil

STUDY

Earth Science Environmental Science

Weather Study Guide – Flashcards 18 terms

Roman Peck

18 terms

Preview

Weather Study Guide – Flashcards

question

Air Mass

answer

a body of air that has about the same temperature and moisture throughout

question

Cold Front

answer

the dense, cold air pushes under the existing warm air—makes short-lived but violent thunderstorms

question

Warm Front

answer

the light, warm air slides in over the existing cold air—makes long-lived rain and drizzle

question

How much of our atmosphere is made up of Nitrogen?

answer

78%

question

What is the Nitrogen Cycle?

answer

A process that keeps Nitrogen constant in our atmosphere: Air to bacteria to soil to animals to waste back to air.

question

What is the Ozone Layer?

answer

The layer of O3 that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from Sun.

question

Where is the Troposphere?

answer

It is closest to the Earth.

question

What is the Greenhouse effect?

answer

Heat from the Sun can go through the atmosphere and warm Earth, but gets trapped and doesn't go back out.

question

Name 4 Greenhouse gases.

answer

Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Vapor.

question

What is Adiabatic Cooling?

answer

The process by which the temperature of an air mass decreases as the air mass rises and expands.

question

What is a Cirrus cloud?

answer

The highest clouds in the sky, composed of ice crystals and has the highest altitude of any cloud in the sky.

question

What are isotherms?

answer

They connect areas of equal temperature on a surface map.

question

What are isobars?

answer

They connect areas of equal pressure on a surface map.

question

What instrument measures pressure?

answer

question

What is necessary for clouds to form?

answer

Clouds form when there is a condensation nuclei, and when air rises, cools, and condenses.

question

Condensation Nuclei

answer

solid particles in the atmosphere, such as ice and dust, that provide the surfaces for clouds to form

question

Station Model

answer

shows weather conditions at a specific location, using a combination of symbols on a map

question

Describe the weather that precedes a warm front.

answer

The previously clear/sunny skies become cloudy. Cirrus clouds begin to roll in, followed by cumulus and then status clouds.

STUDY

Astronomy Atmosphere Earth Science Environmental Science Vocabulary Words Weather

Volcano and Plate Tectonic Test Study Guide Answers – Flashcards 23 terms

Rosa Sloan

23 terms

Preview

Volcano and Plate Tectonic Test Study Guide Answers – Flashcards

question

Meteorologist

answer

Studies the atmosphere; studies and forecasts the weather

question

Thermometer

answer

Measures temperature (how hot something is)

question

Seismologist

answer

Studies earthquakes

question

Geologist

answer

Studies the history and structure of the earth as it is recorded in rocks

question

Anemometer

answer

Measures wind speed and direction

question

Crust

answer

Outer layer of the earth. Consists of oceanic and continental rock.

question

Mantle

answer

2nd layer of the earth composed of hot plastic-like rock

question

Outer Core

answer

3rd layer of the earth made of molten rock

question

Inner Core

answer

Inner layer of the earth made of solid nickel and iron

question

Asthenosphere

answer

Taffy-like portion of the earth on which the plates float or move

question

Pillow Lava

answer

Mounds that form when lava erupts under water or empties into the ocean

question

Magma

answer

Molten rock below earths surface

question

Lava

answer

Molten rock above earths surface

question

Shield Volcano

answer

Gentle slope, eruption of less viscous lava

question

Composite Volcano

answer

Forms from alternating eruptions of lava and ash

question

Cinder Cone Volcano

answer

Smallest type made from thickened lava and rock fragments ejected from vent

question

Lahar

answer

A mudflow that occurs when rain falls through clouds of ash or when rivers become choked with falling volcanic debris

question

Mudflow

answer

A powerful river of mud or debris composed of volcanic rock fragments, rocky debris, and water

question

Viscosity

answer

Resistance of flow

question

Conduit

answer

A tube-like passageway that magma travels through

question

Caldera

answer

A large, steep-sided, circular volcanic depression that forms when magma retreats or erupts from a shallow underground magma chamber

question

Crater

answer

A small, bowl-shaped hole that forms when rock explodes from a volcano during an eruption

question

Lava Dome

answer

A dome that forms at the top of a volcano when thick, cold magma emerges from the volcanic opening

STUDY

Carbon Dioxide And Water Vapor Earth Science Environmental Science Plate Tectonics Water Vapor And Carbon Dioxide

Malik Price Science 3 – Flashcards 12 terms

Jazzlyn Howe

12 terms

Preview

Malik Price Science 3 – Flashcards

question

lithosphere A. water B. sky/air C. land D. life

answer

land

question

atmosphere A. water B. sky/air C. land D. life

answer

sky/air

question

biosphere A. water B. sky/air C. land D. life

answer

life

question

hydrosphere A. water B. sky/air C. land D. life

answer

water

question

The internal structure of the earth consists of three main layers. Starting from the center of the earth and moving outward, they are _____.

answer

the crust, mantle, and core

question

The study of lithospheric plate movement and their resulting activities is known as _____. A. the rock cycle B. thermodynamics C. plate tectonics D. mantle convection

answer

C. plate tectonic

question

Choose an example that best describes sphere interdependency. A. a rabbit eating grass for energy B. a plant using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis C. a deer dying and decomposing D. a bear catching a fish to eat

answer

B. a plant using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

question

Sphere interaction is as simple as water evaporating into the air. This would be an interaction between the hydrosphere and atmosphere. Choose three other examples of sphere interaction. A. a cat eating a bird B. water from a lake absorbing into the ground C. humans building a house D. waves creating sandy beaches

answer

all of them EXCEPT a cat eating a bird

question

The movement of Earth's lithosphere is caused by convection within the (core, mantle, crust) layer of the earth.

answer

mantle

question

The Hawaiian Islands weren't created at any of the plate boundaries. Instead, they were created from (a subductated plate, a hot spot, multiple earthquakes)

answer

a hot spote

question

Carbon is most abundant in the ( lithosphere, cryosphere, core, atmosphere) and (cryosphere, hyrdosphere, androsphere, lithosphere).

answer

atmosphere, hydrosphere

question

Nitrogen is most abundant in the (hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere) but can't be absorbed by the (lithosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere) without the help of special bacteria and a process called nitrogen fixation.

answer

atmosphere, biosphere

STUDY

Cinder Cone Volcanoes Earth Science Geology

Volcano Study Guide – Flashcards 35 terms

Jonathan Walsh

35 terms

Preview

Volcano Study Guide – Flashcards

question

1. What are the four types of volcanic landforms made form ash or lava?

answer

Shield, Composite, Lava Plateau, and Cindercone.

question

2. What is each type of volcano made of?

answer

Pipes, vents, craters, magma chamber, and lava flow.

question

3. What type of magma does each volcano typically form from (basaltic or granitic/rhyolitic)?

answer

Basaltic, if it is from Composite, Lava Plateau, or Shield. Granitic if it is from Composite and Cindercone.

question

4. How does each type of volcano typically erupt (quietly, violently or both)?

answer

They erupt by both because Cindercone erupts violently. Shield erupts quietly. Composite erupts both.

question

5. What about the magma in a volcano determines if the eruption will be quiet or violent?

answer

You need to know what type of magma it is. Basaltic or granitic.

question

6. Where are the different locations on Earth that volcanoes tend to form?

answer

They form at divergent and convergent boundaries. And also at hot spots.

question

7. How do volcanoes form at each of the locations identified above?

answer

At a convergent boundary, one plate subducts under another and it melts into magma then rises and cools. At a divergent boundary, it forms at a mid-ocean ridge then magma cools to build up mountains. At a hot spot, it forms from magma coming out of the mantle then it comes through the weak spot in the crust and flows out.

question

8. What roles do the pipes and vents in a volcano play?

answer

The pipes carry the magma out. The vents are places where the magma comes out of the pipes.

question

9. What are some dangers of living next to or nearby to a volcano?

answer

If it erupts violently, then the pyroclastic flow will suffocate you.

question

10. Why do some people choose to live near volcanoes?

answer

There is fertile soil and you can farm easily on it.

question

11. What is the ring of fire and where is it located?

answer

The ring of fire is a line of volcanoes in the pacific ocean.

question

12. What type of magma are pahoehoe and aa formed from?

answer

They are basaltic magma.

question

13. What is the difference between an extinct volcano and a dormant volcano?

answer

An extinct volcano will never erupt again according to geologists, and a dormant volcano will erupt again in a long time.

question

14. Compare and contrast a sill and a dike?

answer

A sill goes horizontally and a dike goes vertically.

question

15. What is the relationship between a batholith and a dome mountain?

answer

A batholith is a huge section of magma that cools. A dome mountain is not a bunch of magma cooling.

question

Volcano

answer

a weak spot in the crust where magma can come out

question

Magma

answer

molten rock, gases, and water from the mantle

question

Viscosity

answer

how hard it is for a liquid to flow out

question

Pahoehoe

answer

fast moving, hot magma

question

answer

slow moving, cool magma

question

Quiet Eruption

answer

(Basaltic) erupts then creates a lava flow

question

Explosive Eruption

answer

(Granitic) erupts then creates a pyroclastic flow

question

Pyroclastic Flow

answer

mixture of gases, ash, cinder, and bomb

question

Active

answer

erupting or will erupt

question

Dormant

answer

not active at the moment

question

Extinct

answer

not likely to erupt ever again according to geologists

question

Shield

answer

has layers of lava (quiet)

question

Cindercone

answer

has layers of ash, bomb, and cinder (explosive)

question

Composite

answer

can erupt both ways

question

Lava Plateau

answer

a plateau mad up of lava

question

Caldera

answer

a huge hole left by the collapse of a volcano mountain

question

Volcanic Neck

answer

forms when magma hardens in the pipe

question

Dike

answer

a boundary where magma flows vertically

question

Sill

answer

a boundary where magma flows horizontally

question

Batholith

answer

mass of rock formed from large bodies of magma when it cools

STUDY

Along The Equator Climatology Earth Science Environmental Science High And Low Pressure

Weather and Climate Study Guide – Ch 16 & Ch 17-1 – Flashcards 64 terms

Sean Mitchell

64 terms

Preview

Weather and Climate Study Guide – Ch 16 & Ch 17-1 – Flashcards

question

Which term means the condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time?

answer

Weather

question

What is a cloud made of?

answer

a collection of millions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals

question

List the 4 parts of the Water Cycle (figure 1 on p. 482) and what happens in each part

answer

precipitation condensation evaporation runoff

question

Precipitation

answer

occurs when rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls from the clouds onto Earth's surface

question

Condensation

answer

occurs when water vapor cools and changes from a gas to a liquid. Clouds form by this process.

question

Evaporation

answer

occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas.

question

Runoff

answer

is water, usually from precipitation, that flows across land and collects in rivers, streams, and eventually the ocean.

question

The amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum air can hold is

answer

relative humidity

question

What is a relative humidity at 100% called?

answer

Saturated

question

What instrument measures relative humidity?

answer

Psychrometer

question

the temperature at which a gas condenses into a liquid.

answer

dew point

question

different types of clouds

answer

cumulous, stratus, cirrus,

question

Cumulous

answer

Puffy, white clouds that tend to have flat bottoms are called cumulus clouds Cumulus clouds form when warm air rises. These clouds generally indicate fair weather. However, when these clouds get larger, they produce thunderstorms. Thunderstorms come from a kind of cumulus cloud called a cumulonimbus cloud Clouds that have names that include -nimbus or nimbo- are likely to produce precipitation.

question

Stratus

answer

Clouds called stratus clouds are clouds that form in layers. Stratus clouds cover large areas of the sky and often block out the sun. These clouds can be caused by a gentle lifting of a large body of air into the atmosphere. Nimbostratus clouds are dark stratus clouds that usually produce light to heavy, continuous rain. Fog is a stratus cloud that has formed near the ground.

question

Cirrus

answer

thin, feathery, white clouds found at high altitudes. Cirrus clouds form when the wind is strong. If they get thicker, cirrus clouds indicate that a change in the weather is coming.

question

The prefix cirro-

answer

is used to describe clouds that form at high altitudes

question

The prefix alto-

answer

describes clouds that form at middle altitudes.

question

The prefix Nimbo -

answer

Clouds that have names that include -nimbus or nimbo- are likely to produce precipitation.

question

Name the 4 types of precipitation

answer

rain, sleet, snow, hail

question

Rain -

answer

A cloud produces rain when the water drops in the cloud become a certain size

question

Sleet

answer

forms when rain falls through a layer of freezing air

question

Snow

answer

forms when temperatures are so cold that water vapor changes directly to a solid Balls or lumps of ice that fall from clouds are called hail

question

air mass

answer

a large body of air where temperature and moisture content are similar throughout

question

What causes changes in weather?

answer

Changes in weather are caused by the movement and interaction of air masses

question

Cold Front: What happens? What type of weather does it bring?

answer

A cold front forms where cold air moves under warm air, which is less dense, and pushes the warm air up. Cold fronts can move quickly and bring thunderstorms, heavy rain, or snow. Cooler weather usually follows a cold front because the air mass behind the cold front is cooler and drier than the air mass that it is replacing

question

Warm Front: What happens? What type of Weather does it bring?

answer

A warm front forms where warm air moves over cold, denser air. In a warm front, the warm air gradually replaces the cold air. Warm fronts generally bring drizzly rain and are followed by clear and warm weather.

question

Occluded Front: What happens? What type of weather does it bring?

answer

An occluded front forms when a warm air mass is caught between two colder air masses. The coldest air mass moves under and pushes up the warm air mass. The coldest air mass then moves forward until it meets a cold air mass that is warmer and less dense. The colder of these two air masses moves under and pushes up the warmer air mass. Sometimes, though, the two colder air masses mix. An occluded front has cool temperatures and large amounts of rain and snow.

question

Stationary Front: What happens? What type of weather does it bring?

answer

A stationary front forms when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass. In this case, however, both air masses do not have enough force to lift the warm air mass over the cold air mass. So, the two air masses remain separated. This may happen because there is not enough wind to keep the air masses pushing against each other. A stationary front often brings many days of cloudy, wet weather.

question

Define front

answer

The area in which two types of air masses meet

question

What is the difference between a cyclone and an anticyclone? (know definitions)

answer

Areas that have lower pressure than the surrounding areas do are called cyclones Areas that have high pressure are called anticyclones.

question

What is lightning? (Include the information about positive and negative charges).

answer

small, intense weather systems that produce strong winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder

question

Describe the example the textbook gives what lightning is similar to (p.497)

answer

While you walk around, friction between the floor and your shoes builds up an electric charge in your body. When you touch someone else, the charge is released.

question

Tornadoes happen in only ___ % of thunderstorms

answer

question

About __% of the worlds tornadoes occur in the United States.

answer

75%

question

What is the most dangerous thing about a tornado?

answer

Strong spinning winds

question

What type of air pressure is involved with tornadoes (low) or (high)?

answer

Low central pressure

question

What is the difference between a hurricane, typhoon and cyclone?

answer

A large, rotating tropical weather system that has wind speeds of at least 120 km/h is called a hurricane. Hurricanes have different names in different parts of the world. In the western Pacific Ocean, hurricanes are called typhoons. Hurricanes that form over the Indian Ocean are called cyclones

question

What does a hurricane start as?

answer

A hurricane begins as a group of thunderstorms moving over tropical ocean waters

question

How does a hurricane lose energy?

answer

When the hurricane moves into colder waters or over land, it begins to die because it has lost its source of energy

question

What is the most dangerous thing about a hurricane?

answer

Storm surge

question

What is the difference between a severe weather watch and warning?

answer

A watch is a weather alert that lets people know that a tornado may happen. A warning is a weather alert that lets people know that a tornado has been spotted

question

what you need to do to keep safe for Thunderstorm

answer

If you are outside, stay away from trees, which can get struck down. If you are in the open, crouch down. Stay away from bodies of water.

question

what you need to do to keep safe for Tornado

answer

If there is a tornado warning for your area, find shelter quickly. The best place to go is a basement or cellar. Or you can go to a windowless room in the center of the building, such as a bathroom, closet, or hallway. If you are outside, lie down in a large, open field or a deep ditch.

question

what you need to do to keep safe for Flood

answer

The best thing to do during a flood is to find a high place to wait out the flood. You should always stay out of floodwaters. Even shallow water can be dangerous if it is moving fast

question

what you need to do to keep safe for Hurricane

answer

People living on the shore may be asked to evacuate the area. If you live in an area where hurricanes strike, your family should have a disaster supply kit that includes enough water and food to last several days. To protect the windows in your home, you should cover them with plywood. Most important, you must stay indoors during the storm.

question

What is the eye of a hurricane?

answer

a core of warm, relatively calm air with low pressure and light winds.

question

Thermometer

answer

A tool used to measure air temperature

question

Barometer

answer

an instrument used to measure air pressure

question

Anemometer

answer

An instrument used to measure wind speed

question

Windsock

answer

Wind direction can be measured by using a windsock or a wind vane

question

Radar

answer

Radar is used to find the location, movement, and amount of precipitation. It can also detect what form of precipitation a weather system is carrying

question

Doppler Radar

answer

Doppler radar used in a local TV weather report. Figure 3 shows how Doppler radar is used to track precipitation

question

Weather Satellites

answer

Weather satellites that orbit Earth provide the images of weather systems that you see on TV weather reports. Satellites can track storms and measure wind speeds, humidity, and temperatures at different altitudes

question

What are isobars?

answer

Isobars are lines that connect points of equal air pressure

question

at does a weather balloon measure? _____ and ____

answer

By tracking weather balloons meteorologists can also measure wind speed and direction

question

Climate vs. weather organizer. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contract climate and weather

answer

The main difference between weather and climate is the length of time over which both are measured. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. Weather conditions vary from day to day and include temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility. Climate, on the other hand, is the average weather condition in an area over a long period of time. Climate is mostly determined by two factors—temperature and precipitation.

question

What is latitude?

answer

the distance north or south, measured in degrees, from the equator.

question

The amount of solar energy a particular area receives is determined by___________

answer

The amount of direct solar energy a particular area receives is determined by latitude.

question

Which area of the globe experiences about the same temperatures all year round? Why?

answer

areas near the equator have approximately the same temperatures and same amount of daylight year-round

question

What cause the earth's seasons?

answer

Seasons happen because the Earth is tilted on its axis at a 23.5º angle. This tilt affects how much solar energy an area receives as Earth moves around the sun. Figure 4 shows how latitude and the tilt of the Earth determine the seasons and the length

question

What are the prevailing winds?

answer

Winds that blow mainly from one direction

question

Factors that influence an area's climate: Mountains

answer

As the elevation increases, the ability of air to transfer energy from the ground to the atmosphere decreases. Therefore, as elevation increases, temperature decreases. Mountains also affect the climate of nearby areas by influencing the distribution of precipitation.

question

Large Bodies of Water

answer

Water absorbs and releases heat slower than land does. Because of this quality, water helps to moderate the temperatures of the land around it

question

Ocean Currents

answer

As surface currents move, they carry warm or cool water to different locations. The surface temperature of the water affects the temperature of the air above it. Warm currents heat the surrounding air and cause warmer temperatures. Cool currents cool the surrounding air and cause cooler temperatures

STUDY

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