A friend tells you chemistry is stupid what is your response?

Chemistry is important for everyday life. It can explain the natural world, prepare you for a career, and make you an informed citizen More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/sr-irene-chem-1-1-1-2-1-3-and-class-notes/

what are the four major methods of purification used in the chemistry lab?

extraction, chromatography, distillation More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chem-237-lab-final-43892/

What was the English man Jhon Dalton important break through in chemistry

Each element has its own kind of atoms// atomic theory More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-21-questions/

Chemistry is important to the study of which of the following subjects?

A) GeologyB) BiologyC) AstronomyD) PhysicsE) All of these More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chemistry-2376/

;;;;;What is the importance of chemistry?;

;;;;;Understanding chemistry and measurement helps us make proper choices about the world More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/dr-roberts-chemistry-122-5547/

In Chemistry terms, which of the following most accurately describes the term organic?

Substances containing carbon. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/introduction-to-nutrition/

What is unique about the chemistry of the metal aluminum?

It tends to share electrons and act more like a non-metal More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/elements-79195/

Chemistry test questions and answers | Get Access To Chemistry Flashcards and exam tests

Q: Which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier?

He showed that oxygen is required to burn More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chemistry-a/

Q: Which of the following is an example of a current research focus in chemistry?

Applying gene therapy to treat certain diseases More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chemistry-a/

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of chemistry research in the main area of energy?

Producing hook-and-loop tape More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chemistry-a/

Home Page Science Chemistry

We've found 2474 Chemistry tests

AP Chemistry Chemistry Organic Chemistry 1

Chemistry 9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases – Flashcards 11 terms

Deacon Kirby

11 terms

Preview

Chemistry 9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases – Flashcards

question

A compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produced hydrogen (H⁺) ions when dissolved in water.

answer

Acid

question

A base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

answer

Base

question

1. When the name of the anion ends in -ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the word acid. 2. When the anion ends in -ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix of -ous, followed by the word acid. 3.When the anion name ends in -ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic followed by the word acid. q. 23 p. 273

answer

What are the 3 rules for naming acids?

question

Bases are named the same way as ionic compounds - the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion. q. 25 p. 273

answer

How are the bases named?

question

The same way ionic compounds are named. q. 28 p. 273

answer

How are bases named?

question

A)Nitrous acid B)Permanganous acid C)hydrocyanic acid D)hydrosulferic acid q. 29 p. 273

answer

Give the names ofl these acids. A) HNO₂ B) HMnO₄ C) HCN D) H₂S

question

A)Lithium Hydroxide B)Lead Hydroxide C)Magnesium hydroxide D)Aluminum Hydroxide q. 30 p. 273

answer

Write the names of these bases. A) LiOH B) Pb(OH)₂ C) Mg(OH)₂ D)Al(OH)₃

question

a)Base b)Acid c)Base d)Base q. 31 p. 273

answer

Identify each compound as an acid or base. a)Ba(OH)₂ b)HClO₄ c)Fe(OH)₃ d)KOH

question

a) H₂CO₂ b) H₂SO₃ c) FeOH₃ d)SrOH₂ Q. 32 p. 273

answer

Write the formulas for these compounds a) carbonic acid b) sulfurous acid c)iron(III) hydroxide d)strontium hydorxide

question

Hydrogen q. 33 p. 273

answer

What element generally appears in the formula of an acid?

question

Magnisium q. 33 p. 273

answer

What element generally appears in the formula of a base?

STUDY

AP Chemistry Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry Chapter 4 and 5 test – Flashcards 66 terms

Matilda Campbell

66 terms

Preview

Chemistry Chapter 4 and 5 test – Flashcards

question

atom

answer

smallest particles of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

question

how did Democritus describe atoms?

answer

he believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible; cannot be divided

question

how did John Dalton further Democritus's ideas on atoms?

answer

by using experimental methods dalton transformed democritus's ideas on atoms into scientific theory; he created the modern theories about atoms

question

what instruments are used to observe atoms?

answer

even thought individual atoms are small in six, they are observable with instruments such as scanning tunneling microscopes

question

dalton's atomic theory

answer

first theory to relate chemical changes or events at the atomic level 1) all elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles (atoms) 2) atoms of the same element are identical 3) atoms of different elements can physically mix together/ can chemically combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds 4) chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged

question

what are three kinds of subatomic particles?

answer

electrons, protons and neutrons

question

how can you describe the structure of a nuclear atom?

answer

protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, the electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost al the volume of the atom

question

electrons

answer

negatively charges subatomic particles

question

cathode ray

answer

a glowing beam traveling between charged electrodes

question

protons

answer

positively charged subatomic particles

question

neutrons

answer

subatomic particles with no charge

question

nucleus

answer

tiny central core of the an atom composed of protons and neutrons

question

anode

answer

an electrode with a positive charge

question

cathode

answer

an electrode with a negative charge

question

how many atoms of copper when placed side by side would form a line 1 cm long?

answer

100,000,000

question

how does the atomic theory differ from dalton's atomic theory?

answer

atoms are known to be divisble, they can be broken down into subatomic particles: electrons, neutrons and protons

question

what 2 properties of an electron did Robert Millikan determine from his experiments?

answer

an electron carries one unit of negative charge and its mass is 1/1840

question

thomson discovered the electron using a cathode ray. what did thomson reason from his experiment?

answer

electrons are part of the atoms of all elements and electrons and negatively charged

question

electric charges

answer

carried by particles of matter, always exist in whole-number multiples of a single basic unit

question

when a number of protons combines with an equal number of electrons what charge is formed?

answer

neutral

question

what charge does a neutron carry?

answer

no charge

question

positively charge subatomic particle that stays when a hydrogen atom loses an electron is a ______

answer

proton

question

alpha particle

answer

has a double positive charge because it is a helium atom that has lost two electrons

question

what did the rutherford experiment show?

answer

an atom is mostly empty space, all positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus and nearly all the mass of an atom is in its nucleus

question

atomic number

answer

number of protons in the nucleus of that element

question

what makes one element different from another?

answer

they contain different numbers of protons

question

mass number

answer

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

question

how do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

answer

difference between mass number and atomic number

question

how do isotopes of an element differ?

answer

because they have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different mass numbers

question

how do you calculate atomic mass of an element?

answer

multiply the mass of each isotope by its natural abundance, expressed as a decimal and then add the products

question

why is the periodic table useful

answer

allows you to easily compare the properties of an element to another element

question

isotopes

answer

atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

question

what are 3 isotopes of hydrogen

answer

hydrogen-1; hydrogen-2; hydrogen-3

question

atomic mass unit (amu)

answer

unit of mass equal to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

question

atomic mass

answer

weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element

question

periodic table

answer

arrangement of elements where the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties

question

group

answer

each vertical column in the periodic table

question

period

answer

each horizontal row of the periodic table

question

what was inadequate about rutherford's atomic model?

answer

it could not explain the chemical properties of elements

question

what was the new proposal in the bohr model of the atom?

answer

proposed that an electron is only found in specific circular paths, or orbits around the nucleus

question

what does quantum mechanics determine about the electrons in an atom?

answer

determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus

question

how do sublevels of principal energy levels differ?

answer

each energy level corresponds to an orbital of a different shape, which describes where the electron is likely to be found

question

energy levels

answer

fixed energies an electron can have

question

quantum

answer

amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another

question

quantum mechanical model

answer

modern description, primarily mathematical; of the behavior of electrons in atoms

question

atomic orbital

answer

region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron

question

electron configurations

answer

way in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms

question

Aufbau principle

answer

says electrons occupy the orbitals of the lowest energy first

question

pauli exclusion principle

answer

says atomic orbitals may describe at most 2 electrons

question

hund's rule

answer

states that electrons occupy orbitals with the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible

question

what are 3 rules for writing electron configurations of elements?

answer

aufbau principle, pauli exclusion principle, and hund's rule

question

why do actual electron configuration for some elements differ from those assigned using the aufbau principle?

answer

they differ from those assigned using the aufbau principle because half-filled sub levels are not stable as filled sublevel but they are more stable than other configurations

question

amplitude

answer

wave's height from zero to the crest

question

wavelength

answer

distance between crests

question

frequency

answer

number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time

question

hertz

answer

SI unit of cycles per second

question

electromagnetic radiation

answer

radio waves, microwaves, infrared wave, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays and gamma rays

question

spectrum

answer

wavelengths of visible light that are separated when a beam of light passes through a prism; range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

question

atomic emission spectrum

answer

pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains

question

ground state

answer

lowest possible energy of the electron

question

photons

answer

light quanta

question

heisenberg uncertainty principle

answer

states that it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time

question

how are the wavelength and frequency of light related?

answer

they are inversely proportional to each other

question

what causes atomic spectrum

answer

when atoms absorb energy, electrons move into higher energy levels and these electrons lose energy by emitting light when they return to lower energy levels

question

how are frequencies of light an atom emits related to the changes of electrons energies

answer

the light emitted by an electron moving from a higher to a lower energy level has a frequency directly proportional to the energy change of the electron

question

how does quantum mechanics differ from classical mechanics

answer

classical mechanics adequately describe the motions of bodies much larger than atoms, while quantum mechanics describes the motions of subatomic particles and atoms as waves

STUDY

Acids and Bases AP Chemistry Chemistry Formulas

Lesson 5, Unit 5 Chemistry A: Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases – Flashcards 35 terms

Gabriela Compton

35 terms

Preview

Lesson 5, Unit 5 Chemistry A: Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases – Flashcards

question

Acids

answer

a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

question

What is an acid consisted of?

answer

the acid consists of an anion combined with as many hydrogen ions that are needed to make the molecule electrically neutral

question

All monatomic anions have names ending in -__.

answer

ide

question

How do you name an acid with an ending of -ide?

answer

Change the -ide to -ic and add the prefix hydro- ...."What we -ate was -ic, but it was -ite with -ous"

question

Name the acids HCl & H2S.

answer

HCl Cl-=chloride So *hydro*chlor*ic* acid H2S S2- =sulfide *hydro*sulfur*ic* acid

question

When naming acids with anions ending in -ate, what do you do?

answer

You change the -ate to *-ic* & *keep any prefixes the anion* may have.

question

When naming acids with anions ending in -ite, what do you do?

answer

change -ite to -ous. *keep any prefixes the anion* may have.

question

Name H2SO4

answer

SO4(charge=2-)=sulfate sulfuric acid

question

Name HNO2

answer

NO2(charge=-)=nitrite nitrous acid

question

If the hypobromite ion has the formula BrO-, what is the formula for perbromic acid?

answer

BrO-=hydrobromite-->HBrO=hydrobromous acid BrO2=bromite-->HBrO2=bromous acid BrO3=bromate--> HBO3=bromic acid BrO4-=perbromate-->HBrO4=perbromic acid

question

When the name of the anion ends in -ide, what is the acid names prefix?

answer

hydro-

question

If the acids name begins with the prefix hydro, what can you guess about the stem of the anions suffix?

answer

-ic

question

If the anions name ends in -ite, what is the acid names suffix?

answer

-ous

question

H2SO3

answer

(X=sulfite) sulfurous acid.

question

If the anion name ends in -ate, what is the acid names suffix?

answer

-ic

question

HNO3

answer

(X=nitrate) is named nitric acid

question

Hydrochloric acid

answer

HCl

question

Sulfuric acid

answer

H2SO4

question

Nitric acid

answer

HNO3

question

Acetic acid

answer

CH3COOH

question

Phosphoric acid

answer

H3PO4

question

Carbonic acid

answer

H2CO3

question

Hydrobromic acid

answer

hydrobromic acid (prefix-hydro, suffix-ice) is a combination of hydrogen ion and bromide ion. the formula is HBr

question

phosphorous acid

answer

hydrogen ion and phosphite ion (PO3) must be the components so. H3PO3.

question

formic acid

answer

(-ic ending) hydrogen and formate ion (HCOO-). so HCOOH.

question

The name of an acid begins with the prefix hydro- when the name of the anion ends in -___.

answer

ide

question

base

answer

ionic compound that produces *hydroxide* ions when dissolved in water

question

How are bases named?

answer

The name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.

question

How do you write the formulas for bases?

answer

Write the symbol for the metal cation followed by the formula for the hydroxide ion. Balance the ionic charges

question

Aluminum hydroxide

answer

Al3+ hydroxide=OH- So you need three hydroxide ions to balance the formula. So the formula is Al(OH)3

question

Ammonium Hydroxide

answer

ammonium=NH4 with 1+ charge hydroxide=OH with charge 1- NH4OH

question

Bases use the same naming conventions as other ____ compounds.

answer

ionic

question

The rules for writing the names of acids are used in reverse to write the _______ for acids

answer

formulas

question

Write the names of these bases. LiOH Pb(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3

answer

Lithium hydroxide lead(II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide

question

Give the names of these acids. HNO2 HMnO4 HCN H2S

answer

HNO2...NO2 is nitrite.... so nitrous acid HMnO4... MnO4 is permanganate ion...so permanganic acid HCN... CN is cyanide ion.... so hydrocyanic acid H2S.. S is sulfide.... so hydrosulfuric acid

STUDY

Chemistry Principal Energy Level

Chem. chapter 5 review – Flashcards 10 terms

Elizabeth Bates

10 terms

Preview

Chem. chapter 5 review – Flashcards

question

What does "n" designate in Bohr's atomic model?

answer

Relative size and the amount of energy posses

question

What is the name of the atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves?

answer

The quantum mechanical model

question

What is the probability that an election will be found within an atomic orbital?

answer

90%

question

What does "n" represent in te quantum mechanical model of the atom

answer

-quantity or amount -counted or measure -specified portion -amount of energy regarded as a unit

question

How many energy sub levels are contained in each of the hydrogen atom's first three energy levels?

answer

question

Which of the following atomic orbital designations are incorrect?

answer

question

In what sequence do elections fill the atomic orbitals related to a sublevel?

answer

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s 3d, 4p

question

How does noble-gas notation shorten the process writing an elements electron configuration?

answer

It simplifies the process with larger elements

question

What are valence electrons?

answer

The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell

question

Why is 4s before 3d?

answer

because 3d has slightly more energy than 4d. Electrons will fill 4s sub level first then 3d after

STUDY

Average Atomic Mass Chemistry

Chemistry Unit 2 Test Questions – Flashcards 105 terms

Matilda Campbell

105 terms

Preview

Chemistry Unit 2 Test Questions – Flashcards

question

Law of conservation of mass

answer

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes

question

Law of definite proportions

answer

A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound

question

Law of multiple proportions

answer

If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

question

Dalton turned Democritus' idea into a

answer

Scientific theory that could be tested by experiment

question

Cathode ray

answer

Stream of particles

question

Cathode rays are

answer

Negatively charged

question

Cathode Rays have identical properties regardless of

answer

The element used to produce them

question

Cathode ray experiments provides evidence that atoms are

answer

Divisible

question

Who measured the charge of the electron

answer

Robert A. Millikan

question

Because atoms are electrically neutral they must contain a

answer

Positive charge to balance the negative electrons

question

Because electrons have so much less mass than atoms, atoms must contain

answer

Other particles that account for most of their mass

question

Thomson proposed a model for the atom called the

answer

Plum pudding model

question

Thomson believed negative electrons were

answer

Spread evenly throughout the positive charge of the rest of the atom

question

Ernest Rutherford bombarded gold foil with

answer

Alpha particles

question

The gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the

answer

Nucleus

question

The nucleus was very

answer

Small compared to the total volume of an atom

question

Niels Bohr proposed a model in which

answer

Electrons surrounded the positively charged nucleus

question

All nuclei are made of two kind of particles

answer

Protons and neutrons

question

Atoms are electrically neutral because they contain

answer

Equal numbers of protons and electrons

question

The number of protons determines the

answer

Atoms identity

question

When two protons are extremely close to each other there is a

answer

Strong attractions between them known as nuclear forces

question

Electron cloud

answer

Cloud of negative charge

question

Atomic number

answer

Number of protons of each atom of that element

question

An elements atomic number is located

answer

Above its symbol

question

The most common type of hydrogen is called

answer

Protium

question

Protium, deuterium and tritium are

answer

Isotopes of hydrogen

question

Isotopes

answer

Atoms of the same element that have different masses

question

The isotopes if a particular element all have the same number of

answer

Protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

question

Mass number

answer

Total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope

question

Two methods for specifying isotopes

answer

Hyphen notation and nuclear symbol

question

Nuclide

answer

General term for a specific isotope of an element

question

The standard used by scientists to compare units of atomic mass is the

answer

Carbon-12 atom

question

One unified atomic mass unit

answer

Is exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

question

Isotopes or an element may occur

answer

Naturally or in a laboratory

question

Although isotopes have different masses, they do not

answer

Differ significantly in their chemical behavior

question

Average atomic mass

answer

Weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally accounting isotopes of an element

question

Mole

answer

Amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms

question

Number of particles in a mole

answer

Avagadro's number

question

One wave/second is a

answer

Hertz

question

Max Planck proposed that

answer

A hot object would be expected if the energy emitted were in the form of waves

question

Quantum of energy

answer

E= hv

question

Electron orbits can be compared to

answer

Rungs on a ladder

question

Atomis means

answer

Not to cut or indivisible

question

Aristotle said that

answer

Matter could be cut continuously

question

Most of an atom is

answer

Empty space, dense positive,t charged core

question

Neutral atoms contain equal numbers of

answer

Protons and electrons

question

Rutherford's gold foil experiment led him to conclude that

answer

A dense region of positive charge existed somewhere in the atom

question

What is not one of the five principles of Dalton's theory

answer

All atoms gave similar physical and chemical properties

question

According to the law of definite proportions any two samples of KCI will have

answer

The same elements in the same proportions by mass

question

According to the law of conservation of mass when sodium hydrogen and oxygen react to form a compound the mass of the compound will be

answer

Equal to the sum of the masses of the reactants

question

Thomsons experiment showed that the charge to mass rail of electrons was

answer

The same in all gases

question

An atom has 19 protons and 20 neutrons. It's mass number is

answer

question

Compared with a mole of lead atoms a mole of its on atoms has

answer

The same number of atoms

question

The molar mass of an element is numerically equal to

answer

The elements average atomic mass

question

The units of molar mass are

answer

g/mol

question

To determine the mass in grams of an atom of any element you would

answer

Divide the mass of a mole of the element by Avagadro's number

question

The average atomic mass of an element is

answer

The weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of the element

question

The Ancient Greek philosopher that first proposed the notion of the atom was

answer

Democritus

question

Which feature or Dalton's atomic theory is different from modern atomic theory

answer

Atoms can not be subdivided

question

The least massive particle in an atom is

answer

Electron

question

The most massive particle in an atom is

answer

Neutron

question

Protons are bound together by

answer

Strong nuclear forces

question

Under what condition is a photon emitted from an atom

answer

When an electron moved from a high energy level to a low energy level

question

What do quantum numbers describe

answer

Energy level, orbital shape, orbital orientation and spin state

question

What is the relationship between the principal quantum number and the electron confuguration

answer

N describes the energy level

question

List five examples of electromagnetic radiation

answer

Gamma rays, x Rays, ultraviolet light, infrared light, microwaves, radio waves

question

What two experiments involving light and matter could not be explained by the wave theory of light

answer

Photoelectric effect and line emission spectrum

question

How is hydrogen's emission spectrum produced

answer

When electrons drop from higher energy orbits to lower energy

question

What was a shortcoming of Bohr's model of the atom

answer

Did not explain chemical nature of atoms

question

What is the principal quantum number and how is it symbolized

answer

n- main energy level

question

What are shells

answer

All orbitals with the same energy level

question

The Aufbau principle

answer

Electron occupies lower energy orbital that can receive it

question

Hund's rule

answer

Orbitals of equal energy are occupied by 1 electron before being occupied by a second

question

Pauli exclusion principle

answer

No 2 electrons in the same atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers

question

What are inner shell electrons

answer

Electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level

question

How does noble gas notation simplify writing electron configurations

answer

Abbreviate large portions of the configuration

question

A photon is emitted from a gaseous atom when an electron moves to its ground state from an

answer

Excited state

question

When electromagnetic radiation strikes the surface of a metal, electrons are ejected from the metal surface. This is a description of the

answer

Photoelectric effect

question

What describes the angular momentum number indicate

answer

The shape of an orbital

question

What type of electromagnetic radiation had the lowest frequency

answer

Microwaves

question

What can behave like a wave and also a stream of particles

answer

Electromagnetic radiation.

question

When an atom in an excited state emits a photon of radiation the energy of the photon is equal to the

answer

Difference in energy between the atom's excited state and its final stage

question

The total number of orbitals that can exist at a given energy level is

answer

2n squared

question

How many possible orientations does an s orbital have

answer

question

How many possible values are there for the spin quantum number

answer

question

In cathode ray tubes, the cathode ray is emitted from the negative electrode which is called the

answer

Cathode

question

The smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in molecules containing the same or different elements is the

answer

Atom

question

The behavior of cathode Rays in a glass tube containing gas at low pressure led scientists to conclude that the rays are composed of

answer

Negative particles

question

The basic principles of atomic theory were first conceived by

answer

Dalton

question

Neutral atoms of the same element can differ in

answer

Mass number

question

The law of multiple proportions is demonstrated by the compounds

answer

CO and CO squared

question

Millikans experiments led to the determination of the

answer

Approximate value of the electrons mass

question

S orbitals are

answer

Spherical

question

P orbitals are

answer

Dumbbell shaped

question

D and F orbitals are

answer

More complex

question

Level 1

answer

question

Level 2

answer

S P

question

Level 3

answer

S P D

question

Level 4

answer

S P D F

question

1st quantum number

answer

N- principal quantum number

question

2nd quantum number

answer

L- orbital shape within an energy level

question

3rd quantum number

answer

M- orientation of orbital in space

question

4th quantum number

answer

S- spin of electron in orbital

question

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum number

answer

Pauli Exclusion Principle

question

N L M S are used to describe an

answer

Electron in an atom

STUDY

Acids and Bases Biology Chemistry Conjugate Acid Base Pair Strong Acids And Bases Weak Acids And Bases

Chemistry – Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds – Flashcards 23 terms

Lucas Davies

23 terms

Preview

Chemistry – Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds – Flashcards

question

Acids

answer

Increase concentration of H+ ions in aqueous (water) solution

question

Bases

answer

Increases concentration of OH- ions in aqueouse solution

question

Naming bindary acids (acids that conatin exactly two atoms)

answer

Start with hydro- to indicate H, Add the root of the nonmetal, add -ic

question

Naming oxyacids (acids that contain polyatomic ions, which contain one or more oxygen atoms)

answer

-ate anions make -ic acids, -ite anions make -ous acids

question

Naming Bases

answer

Covalent bases are usually amines-Derivatives of ammonia, A hydrogen ion can attach to a lone pair of electrons, naming is based on the number of groups attached to N, Ionic bases follow the same naming rule as other ionic compounds

question

SO2

answer

sulfur dioxide

question

H2SO4

answer

sulfuric acid

question

HBr (as a compound)

answer

hydrogen bromide

question

HBr (as an acid)

answer

hydrobromic acid

question

Carbon tetrabromide

answer

CBr4

question

Chlorine monofluoride

answer

ClF

question

Sulfur dioxide

answer

SO2

question

Phosphorus trichloride

answer

PCl3

question

Which rule is used for writing the name of an ionic base?

answer

The chemical name ends with "hydroxide."

question

Which is the formula for dinitrogen pentoxide?

answer

N2O5

question

Which is the IUPAC name for NO?

answer

nitrogen monoxide

question

Which formula stands for boric acid?

answer

H3BO3

question

Which is an IUPAC name for a covalent compound?

answer

carbon dioxide

question

Which is the formula for iodine tribromide?

answer

IBr3

question

Which is the name for SO3?

answer

sulfur trioxide

question

Which rule should be followed when naming binary acids?

answer

Start the name with hydro-

question

Which formula correctly represents antinomy trichloride?

answer

SbCl3

question

Based on the name, which substance is a covalent compound?

answer

dinitrogen pentoxide

STUDY

Chemistry

Writing Electron Configuration Practice – Flashcards 7 terms

Tara Rose

7 terms

Preview

Writing Electron Configuration Practice – Flashcards

question

Electron Configuration for Nitrogen

answer

1s²2s²2p³

question

Electron Configuration for Aluminum

answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹

question

Electron Configuration for Mg

answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

question

Electron Configuration for Si

answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p²

question

Electron Configuration for Sr

answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²

question

Electron Configuration for Kr

answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶

question

Electron Configuration for Argon

answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶

STUDY

Balanced Chemical Equation Chemistry

Ch 15 Chemical Equillibrium – Flashcards 210 terms

Matilda Campbell

210 terms

Preview

Ch 15 Chemical Equillibrium – Flashcards

question

-Kc= concentrations of gases (M) -Kp= as a function of partial pressures of the gases (atmospheres)

answer

for chemical reactions involving ideal gases, the equilibrium constant K can be expressed either in terms of_(2) (include the type of K used in each case)

question

when ∆n=0

answer

when Kc and Kp are equal?

question

-Products formed by the forward reaction may react with each other to regenerate the reactants. -When reactants are mixed, they will begin to react at a forward reaction rate particular to that chemical reaction. - As reactants are depleted and products are formed, however, the rate of the forward reaction begins to slow, and the rate of the reverse reaction begins to increase.

answer

why reactions may have forward and reverse reactions? what happens to rates?

question

-Eventually, the forward and reverse reaction rates will be identical. -reach equillibrium

answer

what is the ultimate result of the reaction? (think about rates)

question

Equilibrium is dynamic, meaning that it is a balance of continuous forward and reverse reactions.

answer

what is meant when we say equillibrium is dynamic?

question

-double-headed arrow aA+bB⇌cC+dD

answer

To indicate this dynamic nature of equilibrium, chemical equations of reactions with measurable reverse reaction rate are written using a _(symbol and include format of reaction)

question

the concentration of reactants and products for a reaction in dynamic equilibrium.

answer

The equilibrium-constant expression is used to describe_

question

For ideal gases and ideal solutions in homogeneous equilibria, where all reactants and products are in the same phase,

answer

In which two states of the reactants and products in a reaction will the equllibrium expression will be written down directly from the formula? (2)

question

equilibrium equation K=([C]^c[D]^d)/([A]^a[B]^b) This expression is called the equilibrium-constant expression.

answer

For ideal gases and ideal solutions in homogeneous equilibria, where all reactants and products are in the same phase, the extent to which a particular chemical reaction proceeds to products is given by the _(name and formula)

question

equillibrium constant

answer

what K is?

question

-K is directly proportional to products -the higher the concentration of products, the larger the value of K will be.

answer

how K depends on products?

question

the stoichimetry coefficients of the the reaction

answer

what is the source of the powers in the equilibrium-constant expression?

question

Greater values of K are associated with reactions running toward completion, whereas smaller values of K are associated with a larger concentration of reactants.

answer

what large values of K mean? what small values of K mean?

question

KK⋘1 reaction favors reactants and lies left K∼1 reaction favors neither reactants nor products and lies center K⋙1reaction favors products and lies right

answer

what means the following three values of K: (reaction favors_and where lies with respect to reaction) k<<>>1

question

Heterogeneous equilibria involve reactants and products that are not all in the same phase.

answer

what heterongenous equillibria involve?

question

-When writing equilibrium-constant expressions for heterogeneous reactions, generally the concentrations of pure solids and liquids are omitted. -Since its concentration isn't changing, the values can usually be excluded.

answer

When writing equilibrium-constant expressions for heterogeneous reactions, generally the concentrations of _(2) are omitted. why?

question

-no - The composition of a pure solid or liquid does not change over the course of the reaction; only its quantity changes. (it does not affect the equillibrium constant but when something like a gas or aquoeous solution changes its mass will change) -can be affected by others but

answer

because a solid or pure liquid are not included in equillibrium constant expression, does it mean it does not change? explain

question

Kc, is calculated using molar concentrations. For gaseous reactions another form of the equilibrium constant, Kp, is calculated from partial pressures instead of concentrations.

answer

how Kc is calculated by Kp?

question

Kp=Kc(RT)^Δn R=0.08206 L⋅atm/(K⋅mol) Temperature is in kelvin

answer

How Kp and Kc are related? what R value is used in this equation? units of temperature?

question

Δn is the change in the number of moles of gas (sum moles products - sum moles reactants).

answer

how calculate Δn used for the equation that relates Kp and Kc?

question

K=K1 X K2 multiply them when a chemical equation is the sum of two chemical equations for which equilibrium constants are already known, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is the product of the equilibrium constants for the individual reactions.

answer

If the first two equillibrium equations are added together, how get K?

question

K will become the inverse Kr=1/K (where Kr is the K for the reverse reaction)

answer

what happens to K if we reverse the reaction?

question

K is raised to that number k^n example: if all reactants and products are multiplied by 2, k^2

answer

what happens to K when multiply entire equation by a number (n)?

question

the equilibrium constant K is defined as the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium

answer

at equillibrium, how K is defined?

question

products and reactants present

answer

Because K represents the ratio of products to reactants, the magnitude of K is an indicator of the levels of _ when the reaction is at equilibrium

question

their composition does not change throughout the reaction.

answer

Equilibrium-constant expressions do not include a term for any pure solids or liquids that may be involved since _(reason)

question

-they can change in quantity but cannot affect the K - The concentration is effectively equal to 1, and will not impact the magnitude of K.

answer

what can change about pure solids and liquids? what is the K value for them? what is the consequence of this?

question

If the reaction is not at equilibrium, the quantity can still be calculated, but it is called the reaction quotient, Qc, instead of the equilibrium constant, Kc.

answer

if the reaction is not at equillibrium, what is the name given to the ratio of products and reactants concentrations? include symbol

question

When a chemical reaction is at equilibrium, Q (the reaction quotient) is equal to K (the equilibrium constant)

answer

when a chemical reaction is at equillibrium in terms of Q and K?

question

-If a stress is applied to the mixture that changes the value of Q, then the system is no longer at equilibrium. To regain equilibrium, the reaction will either proceed forward or in reverse until Q is equal to K once again. -Alternatively, equilibrium can be disrupted by a change in temperature, which changes the value of K. The result however is the same, and the reaction will proceed forward or in reverse until Q is equal to the new K.

answer

explain how Le Châtelier's Principle applies to a stress by a change in Q or change in temperature

question

If a stress is applied to a reaction mixture at equilibrium, a net reaction occurs in the direction that relieves the stress.

answer

what Le Châtelier's principle states?

question

For an exothermic reaction, a temperature increase causes the value of K to decrease. Then, because Q>K, the reaction shifts toward reactants. The opposite occurs for endothermic reactions.

answer

For an exothermic reaction and endothermic reactions, how K changes and how this shifts the reaction?

question

Chemical reactions can be displaced from their equilibrium positions by changing the concentrations of reactants or products. These changes affect the value of the reaction quotient, Q. The reaction then shifts to increase or decrease Q until it is again equal to the equilibrium constant, K.

answer

according to Le Châtelier's principle, how concentrations affect the direction of the reaction and Q? when this stops?

question

-static equilibrium (state of balance, object is at rest) -dynamic equilibrium (chemistry one)

answer

what are two types of equilibrium? which one will be used in chemistry?

question

-forward process and reverse process take place at the same time so no net change occurs

answer

dynamic equilibrium

question

-the rates of these reactions are equal: Ratef = Rater -Reactants and products continuously "go back and forth over the activation energy hill".

answer

at equillibrium, how rates of forward and reverse reactions are found? how reactants and products found?

question

At Equilibrium, and to remain at equilibrium, neither products nor reactants can escape.

answer

what needs to be avoided to keep equilibrium? (think about reactants and products)

question

-Because the rates are the same, the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant: -Important distinction: The concentrations of the reactants and product are not necessarily equal

answer

How concentration of products and reactants are found at equilibrium?

question

constant.

answer

At Equilibrium, a particular ratio of concentrations equals a _

question

No, at equllibrium, reaction does not stop, reactants make products and at the same rate the products make reactants (rate of forward reaction=rate of reverse reaction)

answer

at equilibrium, does it mean the reaction ceased? why?

question

-concentration -volume -pressure -temperature

answer

Le Chatelier's principle predicts how a system at equilibrium would respond to changes in_(4)

question

dynamic equilibrium

answer

chemical reactions are found in which kind of equilibrium?

question

-occurs when opposing reactions proceed at equal rates -rate forward=rate reverse -the rate at which the products form from the reactants equals the rate at which the reactants form form the products -concentrations are constant, they cease to change

answer

chemical equilibrium (what it is and how concentrations found)

question

-a mixture of reactants and products whose concentrations cease no longer change with time

answer

equilibrium state

question

closed system

answer

what kind of system is ideal for a reaction in equilibrium? (think about how maintian it at equilibrium)

question

reversible

answer

to have a reaction to be at equilibrium, it must be_

question

-two half arrows pointing in opposing directions ↔

answer

dynamic equilibrium is represented by writing the equation for the reaction with _

question

elementary steps

answer

the forward reaction and reverse reaction of an equilibrium reaction are called_(think about last chapter)

question

the rate law of forward reaction is equal to the rate law of reverse reaction

answer

at equilibrium, how rate laws are found?

question

-k is inversely proportional to Ea. -smaller activation energy, the larger k -the larger k, the faster will the reaction happen

answer

what is the relation between k and acitvation energy? speed?

question

stoichiometry

answer

rate law of equilibrium reactions is based on_

question

-products -the rate laws should be equal, so if Kr is smaller, the concentrations of products should be larger to have it equal

answer

If Kf>Kr, which must be in greater supply at equillibrium to have this to be true? include what you used to know?

question

Keq=[products]^p/[reactants]^r Keq=kf/kr

answer

what is the equillibrium constant expression?

question

-directly from the balanced equation -mechanism.

answer

Unlike rate laws for overall reactions, the equilibrium constant expression can be written from_ and it is independent of _

question

By convention, there are no units for any type of equilibrium constant

answer

what are the units of Keq? (equillibrium constant)

question

k (lower case)=rate constant K (upper case)=equilibrium constant

answer

how differentiate between rate constant and equilibrum constant?

question

Equilibrium will be established regardless of the starting concentrations of reactants or products.

answer

Equilibrium will be established regardless of _

question

-at the point when the two lines (one of reactants and one of products) stop increasing/decreasing and start to be straight lines, at that point equilibrium was reached

answer

In a graph of concentration vs time, when know we reach equilibrium?

question

-no -In every single case, the concentration will change to get to equilibrium equal to K

answer

after establishing equilibrium, did we end up with same concentrations of products and reactants? why?

question

-affect k value, so shift equilibrium and concentrations of products vs reactants will change to reach equilibrium again

answer

if change temperature, what affect? how fix it?

question

Keq

answer

equilibrium constant symbol?

question

Kc=Keq

answer

constant concentration variable Kc is equal to what?

question

Kp=Keq

answer

constant pressure variable Kp is equal to what?

question

Kc will have brackets [A] Kp will use parenthesis and P, (Pa) Never never use brackets with partial pressure!

answer

which constant you should put brackets: Kc vs Kp? (what you would use for the other?

question

rate of the forward and reverse reactions

answer

Equilibrium occurs when the _ are the same.

question

rate forward=rate reverse

answer

Which quantities are equal in dynamic equilibrium?

question

the lines will merge and continue one over the other one

answer

if have graph of rate vs time, how know when reach equilibrium?

question

No, they will not merge because do not have the same concentration. we will have same rates

answer

at equilibrium, will lines of products and reactants merge?

question

a. Keq > 1

answer

If kf > kr, which of the following is true? a. Keq > 1 b. Keq < 1 c. Keq = 1

question

-they no longer change, remain constant -have dynamic equilibrium

answer

at equilibrium, what happens to concentrations of products and reactants?

question

no longer change with time

answer

at equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products_

question

neither reactants or products can escape form the system

answer

for equilibrium to occur, _(think in terms of reactants and products)

question

-concentrations -equilibrium constant

answer

at equilibrium, a particular ratio of_equals _

question

the rates of forward and reverse reactions

answer

a. which quantities are equal in dynamic equilibrium?

question

when concentrations of reactants and products are no longer changing

answer

how do we know when equilibrium has been reached in a chemical reaction?

question

-the rules by which the equilibrium constant is expressed in terms of the concentrations of reactants and products, in accordance with the balanced chemical equation for the reaction (stoichiometry) -expressed the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products present at equilibrium

answer

law of mass action

question

products^p/reactants^r -equilibrium-constant expression

answer

K= (what over what and how this relationship is called)

question

-equilibrium constant -numerical value obtained when we substitute molar equilibrium concentrations into equilibrium constant expression

answer

Kc (name and how obtained)

question

-the stoichiometry of the reaction, and not on its mechanism

answer

the equilibrium-constant expression depends on_and not on its_

question

temperature

answer

Kc is _dependent

question

-Use Kc for equilibrium concentrations (in Molarity) -Use Kp for equilibrium partial pressures

answer

when do you use Kc vs Kp?

question

units

answer

There are no _on Keq

question

The magnitude of Keq gives us information on the relative amounts of products and reactants at equilibrium.

answer

what informaiton Keq give us?

question

is a ratio of gaseous product partial pressure(s) to gaseous reactant partial pressure(s) after an equilibrium is established.

answer

equilibrium constant (Kp)

question

-all reactants and products must be in gas phase -if something else is in other phase it will not be included in the equilibrium constant expression

answer

Kp is only used when_(what needs to be at reaction equation)

question

-most of the times they are not -Kp=Kc(RT)^∆n

answer

Are Kp and Kc equal to each other?

question

∆n=moles of gaseous products - moles of gaseous reactants ∆n = (c + d) - (a + b) -look at stoichometric values of reactants and products and use them in formula

answer

how calculate ∆n?

question

-when there is equal number of moles on each side and the change of n will be equal to 0

answer

When would Kc = Kp ?

question

yes they are. -Temperature does not affect this! Only number of moles affect if they are equal or not

answer

If kc=Kp are equal at 25 degree, are they equal at 100 degree C?

question

-Kp when have only gases -Kc apply to all cases (especially aqueous) -Keq apply to all

answer

Kp will apply when have_, and Kc will apply when have_, and Keq will apply when have_

question

-Kc and Kp are basic designations f -The equilibrium constant, Keq, (sometimes referred to simply as K) is calculated in the same way, regardless of what you call it: or Keq specific to the way their concentrations were measured. Keq=products^p/reactants^r

answer

how Kc and Kp related to Keq?

question

temperature

answer

value of K depends on_

question

-it does not depend on starting concentrations equilibrium can be approached from either direction -temperature needs to remain the same to have this statement true

answer

how does the value of Kc depend on starting concentrations of reactants and products? what can be concluded from this? what needs to remain the same?

question

equilibrium-constant expression in terms of partial pressures (Kp)

answer

when reactants and products in a chemical reaction are gases, we can formulate the_

question

units of moles/L (M) are used to calculate Kc; units of partial pressure are used to calculate Kp (atm)

answer

what is the difference between the equilibrium constant Kc and the equilibrium constant Kp?

question

change in number of moles of gas in the balanced chemical equation

answer

what ∆n is?

question

-yes, Kc=Kp when the number of moles of products and the number of moles of gases are equal

answer

is it possible to have a reaction where Kc=Kp? If so, under what conditions would this relationship hold?

question

-equilibrium constants derived from thermodynamics measurements are derived in terms of activities rather than concentrations or partial pressures -the activity of a substance in an ideal mixture is the ratio of concentrations or pressure of the substance either to a reference concentration (1M) or to a reference partial pressure (1atm) -The units of such ratios always cancel and activities do not have units

answer

why equilibrum constants do not have units?

question

-they are equal to 1 always

answer

what is the equilibrum constant of pure solids and liquids?

question

0.00140

answer

If the concentratio of N2O4 in an equilibrium mixture is 0.00140 M, what is its activity? (assume the solution is ideal)

question

the composition of the equilibrium mixture

answer

the magnitude of the equilibrium constant for a reaction gives us important information about_

question

-we have more reactants -reactant side is favored

answer

If K is less than 1, what it means?

question

-we have more products -product side is favored

answer

If K is more than 1, what it means?

question

-equilibrium lies to the right (product side) -favor products

answer

K>>1 what means?

question

-equilibrium lies to the left (reactant side) -favor reactants

answer

K << 1 what means?

question

products predominate over reactants. If Kc is very large, the reaction is said to proceed to completion.

answer

If Kc > 10³ (what is favored and direction of reaction)

question

appreciable concentrations of both reactants and products are present.

answer

If Kc is in the range 10⁻³ to 10³ (what is found in this state)

question

reactants predominate over products. If Kc is very small, the reaction proceeds hardly at all.

answer

If Kc < 10⁻³ (what predominates and direction of reaction)

question

-forward and reverse reactions are equal -product and reactant concentrations are not equal

answer

_are equal and _are not equal at equillibrium

question

When the equation for a reversible reaction is written in the opposite direction, the equilibrium constant becomes the reciprocal of the original equilibrium constant. K⁻¹ or K->1/K

answer

When the equation for a reversible reaction is written in the opposite direction, the equilibrium constant becomes _

question

-the square of the original equilibrium constant. (K²) -cubed (K³) -raised to the fourth power (K⁴) -raised to n (K^n)

answer

When the equation for a reversible reaction is doubled, the equilibrium constant becomes _. if it is tripled, the equilibrium constant becomes_. if multiplied by 4, the equilibrium constant becomes_. if multiplied by n, the equilibrium constant becomes_

question

the product of the original equilibrium constants K=K1*K2

answer

When two equations are added together, the equilibrium constant for the sum of the reactions becomes _

question

K' = 1/K K' = K1* K2 K' = K^2 K' =K^3

answer

What effect on K will have the following equation manipulations: a. Reverse the reaction b. Add 2 equations c. Double d. Triple

question

reciprocal

answer

the equilibrium-constant expression for a reaction written in one direction is the _of the expression for the reaction written in the reverse direction

question

reactants and products are in different phases.

answer

Heterogenous equilibrium applies to reactions in which _

question

The concentration of solids and pure liquids are not included in the expression for the equilibrium constant.

answer

in heterogeneous equilibrium, what you should take into account? (what is not included)

question

-Because they are solid, their concentration change is so little that they are considered to be constant -same applied to liquid

answer

why solids are not included in the expression for the equilibrium constant? how this applies to liquids?

question

-take into account only gases or aqueous, not solid or liquids -because they are the only ones that are really changing

answer

what two phases you should take into account when writing equilibrium constant expression? why?

question

applies to reactions in which all reacting species are in the same phase.

answer

homogeneous equilibrium applies to reactions in which_

question

-Even when a solvent is involved in a reaction, we generally exclude it from the equilibrium expression. (like water) -Its concentration is so big that it really does not change as much as the reactants and products of aqueous state do

answer

what you need to take into account in homogeneous equilibrium, when writing the equilibrium constant expression? (what is not involved) why?

question

- M -M or in atm

answer

The concentrations of the reacting species in the condensed phase are expressed in_. (In the gaseous phase, the concentrations can be expressed in _.)

question

dimensionless

answer

The equilibrium constant is a _ quantity (think about units)

question

balanced equation and the temperature

answer

In quoting a value for the equilibrium constant, you must specify the _(2)

question

-When the equation for a reversible reaction manipulated, the equilibrium constant changes. -The equilibrium constant changes with temperature.

answer

why when quoting a value for the equilibrium constant, you must specify the balanced equation and the temperature?

question

solvents, solids, and pure liquids

answer

The concentration of _ (2) are not included in the expression for the equilibrium constant.

question

1. the concentration of a pure solid or liquid has a constant value. If the mass of a solid is doubled, its volume also doubles. Thus, its concentration, which relates to the ratio of the mass to volume, stays the same. Because equilibrium-constant expressions include terms only for reactants and products whose concentrations can change during a chemical reaction, the concentrations of pure solids and pure liquids are omitted 2. what is substituted into the thermodynamic equilibrium expression is the activity of each substance, which is a ratio of the concentration to a reference value. For a pure substance, the reference value is the concentration of the pure substance, so that the activity of any pure solid or liquid is always 1

answer

why pure solids and pure liquids are excluded from equilibrium-constant expressions? [2 explanations]

question

because its concentration is much greater than the concentration of reactants and products

answer

why a solvent is not included in the equilibrium constant expresion?

question

ICE chart

answer

what do you need to use in the case of calculating K when one or more initial (pre-equilibrium) and at least one final (equilibrium) concentration/pressure is known?

question

1. tabulate all the known initial and equilibrium concentrations of the species appear in the equilibrium-constant expression 2. For those species for which initial and equilibrium concentrations are known, calculate the change in concentration that occurs as the system reaches equilibrium 3. Use the stoichiometry of hte reaction (the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation) to calculate the changes in concentration for all other species in the equilibrium-constant expression 4. Use initial concentrations from step 1 and changes in concentration from step 3 to calculate any equilibrium concentrations not tabulated in step 1 5. Determine the value of equilibrium constants

answer

list steps to follow when calculating K when one or more initial (pre-equilibrium) and at least one final (equilibrium) concentration/pressure is known

question

-indicates the extent at which a reaction proceeds -If K is very large, equilibrium mixture contains mostly substances in the product side. Reaction proceeds far to the right -If k is very small (far less than 1), the equilibrium mixture contains mainly substances on the reactant side.

answer

What K indicates regarding the reaction? (large vs small)

question

-predict direction in which a reaction mixture achieves equilibrium -calculate equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products

answer

equilibrium constant allows us to_ (direction of what and calculate what)

question

reaction quotient (Qc) is calculated by substituting the initial (non-equilibrium) concentrations of the reactants and products into the equilibrium constant (Kc) expression

answer

how reaction quotient calculated? (symbol)

question

You will be given the reactant and product initial concentrations in this type of problem.

answer

In the problem that involves calculating reaction quotient, what will be given to us?

question

-same way that

answer

The reaction quotient, Qc, is calculated the _ the equilibrium constant, Kc, is calculated

question

-reaction constant is at equillibrium -reaction quotient is not at equilibrium and use values that are not at equilibrium (like initial values)

answer

Reaction quotient (Qc) vs reaction constant(Keq)

question

Qc=Kc

answer

how reaction quotient can tells us that the reaction is at equilibrium?

question

-K the EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT and is a ratio of EQUILIBRIUM concentrations -The magnitude of the ratio tells us how far toward products the position of equilibrium lies -Q is a REACTION QUOTIENT, and is simply a ratio (or quotient) of NON-EQUILIBRIUM concentrations. -The magnitude only tells the CURRENT ratio of products to reactants

answer

The difference between Q and K (what it is and what tell us)

question

-Compare the magnitude of Qc to Kc! -The magnitude of the ratio Q is only useful when compared to K. -Depending on how Q relates to K, we can PREDICT the direction the reaction will spontaneously proceed to reach equilibrium.

answer

Suppose you start out with non-zero concentrations of reactants and products in a reaction container. How do we know if the reaction will proceed in the forward direction or the reverse direction?

question

-The system proceeds from left to right to reach equilibrium (toward products) -concentration of products is too small and reactants too large

answer

If Kc>Qc, direction of reaction and concentrations

question

The system is already at equilibrium

answer

If Kc=Qc, direction of reaction

question

-The system proceeds from right to left to reach equilibrium (toward reactants) -concentration of products too large and reactants too small

answer

If Kc<Qc, direction of reaction and concenttrations

question

This arrow trick only works when K and Q are written in alphabetical order

answer

Arrow trick that tells you the direction of the reaction only works when_ (Q and K)

question

-Initial concentrations, -Changes in concentration (select one of the concentration changes and call it x. Use stoichiometry to determine all the concentration changes in terms of x.), and their -Equilibrium concentrations (calculated from Co and x).

answer

what each letter of the ICE chart will contain?

question

Solve the equation for x, applying any possible simplifications (perfect squares or dropping terms when small), or solve the polynomial.

answer

what are the two ways you can solve the most difficult problems?

question

Check simplifications for validity ( if C is 5% of I, error is tolerable). If not valid, return to step 5 and do not use the simplification.

answer

how check simplification for validity?

question

-Substitute the value of x into the expressions for the equilibrium concentrations and determine their values. -Use the equilibrium concentrations to calculate a K value, and compare it to the given K value to verify the accuracy of the answers.

answer

what is a way to check answer?

question

(X/[A]0)X100% <5%

answer

formula to check if similification is less than 5%

question

nothing, it will still have the same value

answer

what would happen to Q if we change the volume of the container?

question

-look at equilibrium constant exponent (X10^n) and compare it with the lowest initial concentration exponent (X10^n). If their subtraction gives an order of magnitude greater than 3, you can drop the X values because their are negligibles -drop from denominator part

answer

how to determine if we can use the method of dropping terms?

question

(greater X value)/its initial concentration) X 100% If this give you a value less than 5%, you are ok to go! If not, use another method

answer

how to determine if drop method was negligible enough?

question

-If both numerator and denominator are squared (^2) have (square term/square term)

answer

when use the method by perfect squares?

question

when comparing exponent of K and exponent of lowest initial concentration, their subtraction is 3 or less

answer

when use quadratic method instead of dropping?

question

-if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or a component concentration, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance

answer

what the Le Chatelier's principle states?

question

adjusts in such a way that the stress is offset as the system reaches a "new" equilibrium position

answer

In Le Chatelier's principle, If an external "stress" is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system _

question

1. Changing the concentration of either the reactants or products 2. Changing the pressure or volume (applies to gas reactions only). 3. Changing the reaction temperature (only one that affects K)

answer

There are 3 external stresses or factors we'll look at as they apply to Le Châtelier's Principle:(include which of these affects K)

question

-concentration, pressure, or temperature -shift its equillibrium position as to counter the effect of the disturbance

answer

if a system is disturbed by a change in _(3), the system will_

question

adding or removing a reactant or product

answer

concentration can be changed by_(2)

question

-if a substance is added to a system at equillibrium, the system reacts to consume some of the substance if a substance is removed from a system, the system reacts to produce more of a substance

answer

explain how equillibrium is shifted by concentration (add vs remove)

question

-changing the pressure by changing volume

answer

how pressure can affect the equillibrium?

question

-At a constant temperature, reducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that reduces the number of moles of gas -go to side that has less moles

answer

explain how equilibrium is affected by a change in pressure (if pressure increases)

question

-if the temperature of a system at equilibrium is increased, the system reacts as if we added a reactant to an endothermic reaction or a product to an exothermic reaction. -the equilibrium shifts in the direction that consumes the excess of reactant namely heat

answer

explain how increase in temperature affects equilibrium

question

a. increase temperature=reaction shifts right (toward products) b. decrease temperature=reaction shifts left (toward reactants) -heat would be treat it as a reactant

answer

in an endothermic reaction, how equilibrium shifts if: (explain how heat would be treated) a. increase temperature b. decrease temperature

question

a. increase temperature, reaction shifts left (toward reactants) b. decrease temperature, reaction shifts right (toward products)

answer

in an exothermic reaction, how equilibrium shifts if: (explain how heat would be treated) a. increase temperature b. decrease temperature

question

-chances of collision increased, increased pressure. -Increase volume, slow things down so have less pressure

answer

what happens if we have smaller volume? increase volume?

question

-it means that the reactant and product concentrations change over time to accommodate the new situation -shift does not mean that the equilibrium constant is altered; the equilibrium constant remains the same (as long the temperature remains the same)

answer

What shift means when we say equilibrium shifts until a new state of balance s attained? how this affects equilibrium constant?

question

minimizes or reduces the effect of the change

answer

le chatelier principle states that the change is in the direction that_

question

-if a chemical system is already at equilibrium and the concentration of any substance in the mixture is increased (either reactant or product), the system reacts to consume some of that substance -Conversely, if the concentration of a substance is decreased, the system reacts to produce some of that substance

answer

how le chatelier principle applies to changes in concentration?

question

answer

does changing the concentration of reactant or product affect the equilibrium constant (K)?

question

-Adding/removing a pure solid or liquid in a heterogeneous equilibrium reaction will not cause a shift in the reaction, i.e., Le Chatelier's Principle does not apply. -however, it can change if something else changes (its mass can change)

answer

Explain what adding/removing a pure solid or liquid in a heterogeneous equilibrium reaction will cause

question

[D] will decrease because it will react with C to reduce it and produce more A and B

answer

A+B↔C +D If we increase [C], how affect [D]?

question

-nothing will happen because A is a solid

answer

A(s)+B(g)↔C(s) +D(g) If we increase [A], how equillibrium shift?

question

-it will shift to the left and increase the concentration of A

answer

A(s)+B(g)↔C(s) +D(g) If we increase [D], how equillibrium shift and how affect A?

question

-increase mass (be affected by other that are not solid or liquid) -cannot affect others by changing itself -if increase/decrease concentration, will not affect equilibrium. If others (like gases or aqueous) concentration changes, it can be affected (the mass of solid change)

answer

a pure solid or liquid can _but cannot _(in changes in equilibrium)

question

-volume is decreased thereby increasing its total pressure, le chatelier's principle indicates that the system responds by shifting its equilibrium position to reduce the pressure -a system can reduce its pressure by reducing the total number of gas molecules (fewer molecules of gas exert lower pressure). Thus, the equilibrium shifts to the side of the reaction that has less number of moles -at a constant tempreature, reducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that reduces the number of moles of gas

answer

what happens if volume is decreased? (use le chatelier's principle)

question

-volume is increased thereby decreasing its total pressure, le chatelier's principle indicates that the system responds by shifting its equilibrium position to increase the pressure -a system can increase its pressure by increasing the total number of gas molecules (more molecules of gas exert lower pressure). Thus, the equilibrium shifts to the side of the reaction that has more number of moles -at a constant tempreature, increasing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that produces more gas molecules

answer

what increasing the volume causes?

question

a. decrease volume= increase pressure, shift toward products or B side, new equilibrium favors products to reduce total moles of gas [shift to this side because has 1 mol, which is less than 2 mol of A] b. increase volume= decrease pressure, shift toward reactants or 2A side, new equilibrium favors reactants to increase total moles of gas [shift to this side because has 2 mol, which is more than 1 mol of B]

answer

2A(g)↔B(g) what happens if: (how affect pressure, shift of equilibrium, number of moles of gas) a. decrease volume b. increase volume

question

-It will shift to the left, the side with a larger number of moles of gas

answer

what happens to equilibrium 2SO2(g)+O2(g)↔2SO3(g), if the volume of the system is increased?

question

when number of moles in reactants is equal to number of moles in products ex: H2+I2↔2HI [2:2 ratio]

answer

in which case changing the pressure does not influence the equilibrium position?

question

No they alter partial pressures of the gaseous substances

answer

does pressure-volume changes affect value of K? what they alter?

question

-pressure increases if additional amounts of any reacting components are added to the system -total pressure in the reaction may increase by adding a gas that is not involved in the equilibrium, which would not shift the equilibrium but only the pressure

answer

how can we change pressure without changing volume?

question

not affect reaction!

answer

Increasing pressure by injecting an inert gas will _reaction (how affect it)

question

A temperature change will cause a reaction shift AND an increase or decrease in the equilibrium constant

answer

what a change of temperature would cause? (2)

question

Imagine that heat is either a reactant or product.

answer

how to deal problems that have increasing/decreasing temperature?

question

If temperature is increased, it is increased for the entire equilibrium mixture. The reaction will shift in such a way as to remove some of the added heat.

answer

if temperature is increased, what happens in terms of le chatellier principle?

question

If temperature is reduced, it is decreased for the entire equilibrium mixture. The reaction will shift in a way to replace some of the heat that was removed.

answer

if temperature is decreased, what happens in terms of le chatellier principle?

question

The best way to remember how a temperature change affects an equilibrium reaction is to think of heat as a reactant (endothermic) or product (exothermic).

answer

The best way to remember how a temperature change affects an equilibrium reaction is to think of heat as a _(as what and exothermic vs endothermic)

question

a. negative -∆H b. treat heat as product c. add heat: shift left and K decreases d. remove heat: shift right and increase K

answer

exothermic: a. sign of ∆H b. heat where found in reaction c. what happens when add heat? (shift and K effect) d. what happen when remove heat?(shift and K effect)

question

a. positive +∆H b. treat heat as reactant c. add heat: shift right and increase K d. remove heat: shift left and decrease K

answer

endothermic reaction: a. sign of ∆H b. heat where found in reaction c. what happens when add heat? (shift and K effect) d. what happen when remove heat?(shift and K effect)

question

nothing, Keq will remain the same because it is only affected by temperature

answer

A+C↔D+F what will happen to Keq if we decrease the concentration of F?

question

-Keq will increase -equillibrium will shift to products, more products, Keq is directly proportional to products, Keq will increase

answer

what will happen to Keq, in an exothermic reaction, if heat decreases? why?

question

as temperature increases, a larger fraction of molecules in the liquid phase have enough energy to overcome their inter molecular attractions and go into the vapor; the evaporation process is endothermic. Raising the temperature of an endothermic reaction shifts the equilibrium to the right, increasing the amount of gas present

answer

use Le CHatelier's principle to explain why the equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increasing temperature

question

-absorbed -the right, in the direction of making more products, and K increases

answer

in an endothermic reaction, heat is _as reactants are converted into products , shifting the equilibrium to_. how affects K?

question

-produced -converted into products -to left -in the direction of making more reactants, and K decreases

answer

in an exothermic reaction, heat is_as reactants are converted into products, shifting the equilibrium to_. how affects K?

question

a. endothermic: increasing temperature results in higher K value b. exothermic: increasing temperature results in lower K value

answer

how increasing T in the following types of reactions affect K: a. endothermic b. exothermic

question

as we lower the temperature, the equilibrium is shifted in the direction that produces more heat

answer

what effect cooling has on a reaction?

question

a. endothermic: shifts the equilibrium to left, decreasing K b. exothermic: shifts the equilibrium to the right, increasing K

answer

how cooling would affect: (shift and K value) a. endothermic b, exothermic

question

-does not cause a shift in the equilibrium reaction -does not change K -HOWEVER, the system will reach equilibrium sooner -A catalyst lowers Ea for both forward and reverse reactions and therefore increases the rates of both the forward and reverse reactions

answer

how adding a catalyst affects? (equilibrium shift, K, what else?) why?

question

-increases the rate at which equilibrium is reached -overall composition of the mixture at equilibrium.

answer

A catalyst _ but does not change the _

question

a. the energy difference between the initial state and the transition state

answer

what quantity affects the speed of the reaction: a. the energy difference between the initial state and the transition state or b. the energy difference between the initial state and the final state?

question

No, the presence of a catalyst can accelerate the reaction but does not alter the value of K, which is what limits the amount of product produced

answer

can a catalyst be used to increase the amount of product produced for a reaction that reaches equilibrium quickly in the absence of a catalyst?

question

left

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Increase product(s) Decrease reactant(s)?

question

right

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Decrease product(s) Increase reactant(s)?

question

no shift

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Increase/Decrease mass of pure solid or liquid reactant(s)/product(s)?

question

Favors inc. in mol of gas

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Increase container volume?

question

Favors dec. in mol of gas

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Decrease container volume?

question

Favors shift for removal of heat

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Increase rxn temp?

question

Favors shift for production of heat

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if Decrease rxn temp?

question

no shift

answer

what direction of shift would be seen if catalyst is added?

question

a. yes and no b. yes and no c. yes and yes d. no and no

answer

shift reaction? shift equillibrium constant? a. concentration b. pressure (volume) c. temperature d. catalyst

question

volume

answer

pressure-_ has to work hand in hand when discussing equilibrium.

STUDY

Astronomy Chemistry English/Language Arts 3 (11Th Grade) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Human Body

English 11 A: Song of Myself, Auspex, A Psalm of Life – Flashcards 137 terms

Oscar Hall

137 terms

Preview

English 11 A: Song of Myself, Auspex, A Psalm of Life – Flashcards

question

What attitude toward the earth do these lines express?????

answer

The human body is made of material much like the earth.

question

This stanza reflects the attitude that

answer

the spirit has greater strength than the body.

question

Why can "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" be considered a product of its time?

answer

It addresses the tension between rational thought and the natural world.

question

Which best describes the author's purpose in "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer"?

answer

????The author intended for the reader to be inspired to spend more time in classrooms.

question

Based on the excerpt, Dickinson's attitude toward death can best be described as

answer

respectful acceptance

question

What attitude toward social habits does this excerpt indicate?

answer

Social habits are meaningless and arbitrary.

question

Which best describes Bright Romanticism?

answer

a post-Revolutionary War literary movement that focused on the beauty and optimism of the period

question

What do the stars do for the speaker of "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" that the lecture hall does not?

answer

The stars offer first-hand knowledge.

question

How does Whitman's mention of "the mystical moist night-air" in "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" support the theme of the poem?

answer

????It suggests that he valued contemplation over all else.

question

What does "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" suggest about academic studies?

answer

that they are overwhelmingly tedious

question

What does "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" suggest about the poet's view of the world?

answer

He considers the world to be a place that deserves much contemplation.

question

This is best reflected in "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer," when

answer

????Whitman becomes tired and sick and wanders off

question

What do these lines indicate about Dickinson's view of pride?

answer

They suggest that pride doesn't require self-praise.

question

How does this stanza express an optimistic view?

answer

It urges readers to be brave in the face of death.

question

Given the theme of "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer," why does the speaker call the astronomer "learn'd"?

answer

The astronomer possesses knowledge that doesn't interest the speaker.

question

Why does Whitman use the words "rising and gliding" to describe the speaker's exit from the classroom?

answer

These words suggest that the speaker is happy to leave.

question

What is the purpose of the third stanza of "Auspex"?????

answer

It contrasts the image of the birds from the first stanza.

question

How do "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex" differ in how they describe the concept of time?

answer

"Psalm" suggests that the passage of time cannot defeat the soul, while "Auspex" indicates that it can.

question

The theme of "Psalm" reflects joy in time's passing, while "Auspex" shows gloomy acceptance of it.

answer

the different stages of a natural process

question

The use of the words "stout and brave" suggests that "our hearts" are

answer

????physically very strong.

question

What does the poet suggest about human life with the images in these lines?

answer

Life is an eternal struggle.

question

The imagery in the lines suggests that

answer

great deeds are remembered in history.

question

What imagery do "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex" have in common?

answer

Both poems make reference to the heart.

question

What is the effect of the repetition of the word "dead" in this line?

answer

It reinforces the idea that one should live in the present, not in the past.

question

Which best describes the tone shared by "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex"?

answer

????energetic

question

How does the second stanza of "Auspex" tie the first and third stanzas together?

answer

It offers a counterclaim to the first stanza, which is then rejected in the third stanza.

question

The speaker compares his heart to an empty nest in order to

answer

????describe a physical feeling he is experiencing.

question

Which best describes the rhyme schemes in "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex"?

answer

The poems follow different rhyme schemes.

question

How do the authors of "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex" use different images to illustrate their themes?

answer

"Psalm" contains primarily images of battle and human interactions, while "Auspex" focuses on natural imagery.

question

What is the main idea of the first stanza of "Auspex"?

answer

Though I cannot slow myself down right now, one day my heart will stop beating so quickly, and I will slow down.

question

Which best describes the effect of the expression "Woe's me"?

answer

It heightens the sense of loss in the poem.

question

Which best describes the tone that the first stanza of "A Psalm of Life" sets for the rest of the poem?

answer

????cloudy and unclear

question

What does each stanza in "Auspex" show?

answer

the different stages of a natural process

question

Which statement best describes the rhyme scheme in "A Psalm of Life"?

answer

The poem adheres to a strict ABAB rhyme scheme throughout each stanza.

question

How do the themes of "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex" differ?

answer

While "Psalm" argues that the soul continues after death, "Auspex" indicates that time destroys the heart's passions.

question

Which statement best describes how the tone of Society and Solitude is different from the tone of Chapter I of Nature?????

answer

Society and Solitude has a contemplative tone, while Nature has a more lyrical and whimsical tone.

question

Which is the best summary of Emerson's view of solitude expressed in Society and Solitude?

answer

Though solitude is not necessarily valuable in and of itself, it is important to recognize its significance within a larger community.

question

Which best states how the concept of trust is portrayed in Chapter I of Nature and in Society and Solitude?

answer

Nature implies suspicion of others but does not state it, while Society and Solitude states directly that suspicion of others is natural.

question

How does the relationship between "man and vegetable" described in paragraph five of Chapter I of Nature support the piece's central idea?

answer

It suggests that the relationship between humans and nature is mystical but also unquestionable.

question

Emerson claims that stars are similar to dreams by stating they are

answer

-"always present, they are inaccessible"

question

What attitude toward the stars does Emerson express in the first paragraph of Chapter I of Nature?

answer

He feels they represent awe-inspiring beauty.

question

Which best describes Emerson's argument in this excerpt?

answer

In order to balance society and solitude, one must maintain both independence and sympathy for others.

question

Which statement would be included in a summary of the first paragraph of Chapter I of Nature?

answer

The stars at night are beautiful but sometimes unappreciated.

question

How is the concept of solitude portrayed in both Society and Solitude and Chapter I of Nature?

answer

Solitude is viewed as a source of strength.

question

Which statement best describes Emerson's opinion of communities, according to the first paragraph of Society and Solitude?

answer

Regardless of how tightly bound communities may seem, each person is ultimately alone.

question

What is Thoreau's first thought upon being imprisoned in "Civil Disobedience"?

answer

He considers the prison a foolish institution.

question

Based on "Civil Disobedience," what statement did Thoreau, like his modern-day successors, hope to make with his imprisonment?

answer

He wanted to suggest that one should be willing to go to great lengths for a belief.

question

Considering "Civil Disobedience," which best describes how Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. both felt about acts of civil disobedience?

answer

They both believed that individuals have the right and the responsibility to protest unjust laws.

question

Based on Thoreau's beliefs and "Civil Disobedience," he most likely decided not to pay poll tax because

answer

he disagreed with the idea of it.

question

Based on Thoreau's opinion about the Mexican-American War and slavery in the United States, why did he most likely refuse to pay the poll taxes, as described in "Civil Disobedience"?

answer

He disagreed with the government's actions.

question

Which would be the best way of describing the structure of Thoreau's observations in "Civil Disobedience"?

answer

He moves from a consideration of his surroundings to an evaluation of the state as a whole.

question

Considering "Civil Disobedience," why did both Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. engage in acts of civil disobedience?

answer

to protest government policies they believed were unjust

question

Based on his transcendental beliefs and "Civil Disobedience," it is most reasonable to assume that Thoreau

answer

believed following his conscience was more important than following the law.

question

In "Civil Disobedience," what does Thoreau think about right after he wonders if he could have been of service to his community?

answer

the significance of the wall between himself and others

question

Considering "Civil Disobedience," which best describes one similarity between Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr.?

answer

Both felt that people have the moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.

question

Which statement would be included in a summary of paragraph one of Society and Solitude?

answer

Solitude is an inner concept rather than an outward one.

question

Which of the following expresses a similarity between the central ideas found in Society and Solitude and Chapter I of Nature?

answer

Both passages stress the importance of individual contemplation.

question

In this quotation, the first stanza has a different style from the second section. What does this suggest about Whitman's overall style in the poem?????

answer

that Whitman's style allows for various kinds of language

question

How do these lines reflect the poet's general style?

answer

They show the poem's relaxed, candid tone.

question

How do the images of travel in part 46 of "Song of Myself" contribute to the poem's theme?

answer

They suggest expansiveness, or extending one's reach outward.

question

How does the word "tramp" affect the tone of this line?

answer

It suggests the determination of the speaker.

question

Which statement best describes the theme of "Song of Myself"?

answer

There is room for many experiences and, indeed, selves within one self.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of the long lines in "Song of Myself"?

answer

They remind the reader of the speaker's liberty and self-confidence.

question

What is the effect of the word "atom" in this line and later in the poem?

answer

It emphasizes the narrator's belief that every parcel of the Earth belongs to everyone.

question

What theme is suggested by this excerpt?

answer

People should be brave, take risks, and embrace all aspects of life.

question

Which characteristic makes "Song of Myself" a free verse poem?

answer

the absence of a consistent rhythmic structure

question

What is the most likely reason the author chose a free verse structure for "Song of Myself"?

answer

Free verse allowed for the expression of expansive ideas.

question

Which statement best describes the way the sections in the excerpt from "Song of Myself" are constructed?

answer

They show unique sides of a universal worldview.

question

How are the speakers' attitudes toward God and Death similar in "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" and "Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church"?????

answer

Both speakers appear confident and accepting.

question

What does the use of the words "orchard" and "dome" suggest?

answer

that the speaker is able to see and feel her faith in everything that surrounds her

question

How are the speakers' sense of goals different in "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" and "Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church"?

answer

The speaker in the former knows exactly what her goal is, while the speaker in the latter believes that she has already achieved it.

question

What is the effect of the word "surplice," which is a garment worn by the clergy, in this stanza?

answer

It reinforces the difference between the natural things the speaker holds dear and the rituals of the church.

question

What is the effect of the phrase "but just Ourselves" in the lines above?

answer

It conveys the personal nature of the speaker's journey.

question

What is the most likely reason for the poet to oppose the phrases "tolling the Bell" and "sings" in these lines?

answer

The poet is expressing her belief that the second, more natural option is far more desirable than the first option.

question

What image does the language in these lines create?

answer

The language creates an image of starkness and isolation.

question

What is the purpose of the words "labor" and "leisure"?

answer

They are aspects of life that the speaker is leaving.

question

How are the moods of "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" and "Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church" different?

answer

The former has a serious mood, while the latter has a lighter mood.

question

How do the settings of "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" and "Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church" differ?

answer

Traveling in the former represents a journey toward death, while the setting of the latter shows that the speaker is well grounded.

question

What is the most logical sequence for these sentences in a story?????

answer

4, 1, 3, 2

question

Which is the best way to write this sentence in the active voice?

answer

Sonora organized the textbooks.

question

Which is the best replacement for the underlined word?

answer

scanned

question

Which is the best way to write this sentence in the active voice?

answer

The entire senior class and several chaperones attended the dance.

question

Which is the best replacement for the underlined sentence?

answer

The house was unusually dark for early evening.

question

Which is the best replacement for the underlined word?

answer

took

question

Which is the best replacement for the underlined sentence?

answer

One day, she would teach her own children and grandchildren this precious recipe!

question

Which sentence is an example of the imperative mood?

answer

Please bring me my physics textbook, my lab manual, and my homework assignments.

question

Which is the best replacement for the underlined words?

answer

hope

question

What is the verb mood of this sentence?

answer

imperative

question

Which is the best way to write this sentence in the active voice?

answer

Jake kicked the final goal, and the Huskies won the game.

question

Which is the best example of a vivid sensory detail?????

answer

"It was a lake of rainbow light"

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

convinced . . . . changed . . . . walk

question

What is the most logical way to sequence these sentences to create a logical narrative? (performance, solo)

answer

sentence 1, sentence 4, sentence 2, sentence 3

question

Which is the best example of a vivid sensory detail?

answer

"when the maids stood ready with mop and pail in front entries to keep the deluge out"

question

Sasha just read a writing prompt, and she is not sure what to write about. In order to write a strong essay, Sasha should first

answer

brainstorm different topics.

question

What is the most logical way to sequence these sentences to create a logical narrative? (friendship, moving)

answer

sentence 3, sentence 1, sentence 4, sentence 2

question

All of the following are essential to a strong essay outline, EXCEPT

answer

each vivid sensory detail that will be included.

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

tried . . . . wanted

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

baked . . . . visited

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

repeat . . . walked

question

Jonas decides that he will write a letter explaining that he disagrees with the principal's decision because he believes that uniforms take away from students' individuality. What is his best next step?

answer

create an outline

question

Which is the best example of a vivid sensory detail?

answer

"I thought my knees would give out and I would collapse."

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

teach . . . . understand

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

came . . . give . . . . wanted

question

Fill in the blanks in order.

answer

planted . . . . measured

question

What is the most logical way to sequence these sentences to create a logical narrative?

answer

sentence 1, sentence 3, sentence 4, sentence 2

question

A brainstorming web can be an important tool in narrative writing because

answer

it helps the writer think of different topics to write about.

question

How do "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex" differ in how they describe the concept of time

answer

"Psalm" suggests that the passage of time cannot defeat the soul, while "Auspex" indicates that it can.

question

What is the main idea of the first stanza of "Auspex"?

answer

NOT: My heart is beating very quickly at the moment, and I wonder how long it will last.

question

The speaker compares his heart to an empty nest in order to

answer

emphasize the fact that his love has left.

question

What is the purpose of the third stanza of "Auspex"?

answer

It contrasts the image of the birds from the first stanza.

question

Which best describes the rhyme schemes in "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex"?

answer

The poems follow different rhyme schemes.

question

What does each stanza in "Auspex" show?

answer

the different stages of a natural process

question

The use of the words "stout and brave" suggests that "our hearts" are

answer

NOT: ferocious and fearless.

question

Read the quotation from "A Psalm of Life." Let the dead past bury its dead! What is the effect of the repetition of the word "dead" in this line?

answer

It reinforces the idea that one should live in the present, not in the past.

question

How does the second stanza of "Auspex" tie the first and third stanzas together?

answer

NOT: It resolves the crucial problem that is raised in the first and third stanzas.

question

Which best describes the tone shared by "A Psalm of Life" and "Auspex"?

answer

serious

question

Which is the best summary of Emerson's view of solitude expressed in Society and Solitude?

answer

NOT A. Spending time in solitude is preferable to spending time in society, and it is ultimately more beneficial.

question

Which statement best describes how the tone of Society and Solitude is different from the tone of Chapter I of Nature?

answer

Society and Solitude has a contemplative tone, while Nature has a more lyrical and whimsical tone

question

Which is the best summary of paragraph six of Chapter I of Nature?

answer

To experience nature at its fullest requires mental effort.

question

How does the relationship between "man and vegetable" described in paragraph five of Chapter I of Nature support the piece's central idea?

answer

NOT A. It indicates that a better relationship with the natural world would help improve human society.

question

How does Emerson relate independence and friendships in Society and Solitude

answer

NOT B. He considers true independence impossible within a friendship

question

What attitude toward the stars does Emerson express in the first paragraph of Chapter I of Nature?

answer

He feels they represent awe-inspiring beauty.

question

Which statement would be included in a summary of the first paragraph of Chapter I of Nature?

answer

The stars at night are beautiful but sometimes unappreciated.

question

How is the concept of solitude portrayed in both Society and Solitude and Chapter I of Nature?

answer

Solitude is viewed as a source of strength.

question

Which statement best describes how the author's purpose differs in Chapter I of Nature and Society and Solitude?

answer

NOT A. Nature is an essay in praise of nature's sublimity, while Society and Solitude is an essay in praise of being alone.

question

According to the third paragraph of Chapter I of Nature, how does Emerson define the poet's view of nature?

answer

The poet sees something in nature that cannot be quantified.

question

In paragraphs three and four of "Where I Lived and What I Lived For" in Walden, how does Thoreau contrast the way he lives with the way others live?

answer

He believes his life to be extremely simple, and he believes others' lives to be needlessly complicated.

question

Read the excerpt from Walden. I am on the alert for the first signs of spring, to hear the chance note of some arriving bird, or the striped squirrel's chirp, for his stores must be now nearly exhausted, or see the woodchuck venture out of his winter quarters. How do the images in the excerpt relate to Thoreau's overall quest in Walden?

answer

NOT B. They demonstrate that Thoreau has a greater understanding of animals now than he used to have.

question

How does the progress of the last paragraph of "Where I Lived and What I Lived For" communicate the main idea of Walden?

answer

Thoreau moves from gazing at the water to burrowing into the earth, just as the excerpt shows a progress from observation to contemplation.

question

[A]s the sun arose, I saw it [the pond] throwing off its nightly clothing of mist, and here and there, by degrees, its soft ripples or its smooth reflecting surface was revealed, while the mists, like ghosts, were stealthily withdrawing in every direction into the woods, as at the breaking up of some nocturnal conventicle [secret meeting]. In the excerpt, Thoreau uses imagery to describe

answer

fog slowly rising from the surface of the pond.

question

Standing on the snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window under my feet, where, kneeling to drink, I look down into the quiet parlor of the fishes, pervaded by a softened light as through a window of ground glass, with its bright sanded floor the same as in summer; there a perennial waveless serenity reigns as in the amber twilight sky, corresponding to the cool and even temperament of the inhabitants. Heaven is under our feet is well as over our heads. Which best describes the purpose of the imagery in this excerpt?

answer

to illustrate the author's calm, contemplative mood

question

Based on the ideas in Walden, how would Thoreau most likely feel about recent advances in technology, such as cell phones and handheld computers?

answer

He would believe they were destructive to a person's thinking ability.

question

In the first paragraph of "Conclusion" in Walden, how does Thoreau explain his departure from the woods?

answer

He explains his departure as the movement from one part of his life to another.

question

In the second paragraph of "Spring" in Walden, how does the contrast of two time periods aid the development of a theme?

answer

NOT D. The feeling of happiness Thoreau describes at the changing of the seasons parallels his contentment as his self-knowledge grows.

question

Let us spend one day as deliberately as Nature, and not be thrown off the track by every nutshell and mosquito's wing that falls on the rails. Let us rise early and fast, or break fast, gently and without perturbation; let company come and let company go, let the bells ring and the children cry—determined to make a day of it. How does Thoreau use the imagery of bells in the excerpt?

answer

NOT A. The bells represent festivity.

question

Read the excerpt from a letter Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote while imprisoned in Birmingham Jail in 1963. One who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty. Based on his behavior in "Civil Disobedience," how would Thoreau most likely feel about King's statement?

answer

He would agree with King that one should engage in polictical protest peacefully.

question

Considering "Civil Disobedience," which best describes how Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. both felt about acts of civil disobedience?

answer

They both believed that individuals have the right and the responsibility to protest unjust laws.

STUDY

Chemistry

Foundations of College Chemistry / Chapter 1 – Flashcards 16 terms

Isabel Padilla

16 terms

Preview

Foundations of College Chemistry / Chapter 1 – Flashcards

question

SOLID

answer

A state of matter having a definite shape and a definite volume, whose particles cohere rigidly to one another, so that a _ can be independent of its container.

question

THEORY

answer

An explanation of the general principles of certain phenomena with considerable evidence to support it; a well-established hypothesis.

question

HYPOTHESIS

answer

A tentative explanation of certain facts to provide a basis for further experimentation.

question

SYSTEM

answer

A body of matter under consideration.

question

PHASE

answer

A homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by a physical boundary.

question

SCIENTIFIC LAWS

answer

Simple statements of natural phenomena to which no exceptions are known under the given conditions.

question

MIXTURE

answer

Matter containing two or more substances, which can be present in variable amounts; _ can be homogeneous (sugar water) or heterogeneous (sand and water).

question

AMORPHOUS

answer

A solid without shape or form.

question

MATTER

answer

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

question

GAS

answer

A state of matter that has no shape or definite volume so that substance completely fills its container.

question

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

answer

A method of solving problems by observation; recording and evaluating data of an experiment; formulating hypothesis and theories to explain the behavior of nature; and devising additional experiments to test the hypotheses and theories to see if they are correct.

question

HOMOGENEOUS

answer

Matter that has uniform properties throughout.

question

HETEROGENEOUS

answer

Matter without a uniform composition--having two or more components or phases.

question

SUBSTANCE

answer

matter that is homogeneuous and has a definite, fixed composition; (_) occur in two forms--as elements and as compounds.

question

CHEMISTRY

answer

The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.

question

LIQUID

answer

A state of matter in which the particles move about freely while the substance retains a definite volume; thus, (_) flow and take the shape of their containers.

STUDY

Chemistry Organic Chemistry 1 Physical Chemistry

ACS Gen Chem 2 Exam – Flashcards 69 terms

Alexander Rose

69 terms

Preview

ACS Gen Chem 2 Exam – Flashcards

question

ion

answer

A species of an element in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons.

question

isotope

answer

Each isotope of an atom has a different number of neutrons.

question

isoelectric

answer

Two atoms with the same charge.

question

isotopic

answer

Two atoms with the same number of neutrons.

question

transition metal orbitals

answer

The 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital, but listed after.

question

paramagnetic

answer

Atoms that possess a permanent magnetic charge due to the presence of unpaired electrons.

question

electropositive

answer

Tending to lose electrons and form positive ions.

question

tetrahedral bond angle

answer

109.5°

question

resonance structures

answer

Two equally correct arrangements of one molecule's electrons; generally the molecule exists as an average of the two.

question

polar molecule

answer

A molecule that is mostly positive on one side and mostly negative on the other.

question

sp³ orbital

answer

An orbital composed of one s orbital and three p orbitals; can hold eight total electrons. Tetrahedral.

question

trigonal planar

answer

The way that three objects will arrange themselves around a central atom. Non-polar.

question

free radicals

answer

Compounds with an odd number of electrons in their Lewis Structure. Eg. NO₂

question

incomplete octets

answer

Occur in elements that can form stable bonds with less than eight electrons. Eg. BF₃

question

expanded octets

answer

Occur in the third row of the periodic table and beyond in elements that can form stable bonds with more than eight electrons. Eg. XeF₂

question

hydrogen bonding

answer

When hydrogen is attracted to electronegative atoms.

question

sigma bonding

answer

Formed by head-on overlapping between orbitals.

question

coordinate covalent bonding

answer

A covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom; occurs most often between Lewis acids and bases.

question

hybridization

answer

Mathematical procedure in which the standard atomic orbitals combine to form new orbitals.

question

sp² orbital

answer

Composed of one s orbital and two p orbitals; can hold six total electrons. Trigonal planar.

question

pi bonding

answer

Bonding occurs between orbitals that are side-by-side.

question

sp orbital

answer

Composed of one s and one p orbital; can hold four electrons. Linear.

question

linear

answer

Arrangement of two objects around a central atom. Non-polar.

question

bent

answer

Occurs when one non-bonding pairs and two atoms are arranged around a central atom. Polar.

question

tetrahedral

answer

Arrangement of four objects around a central atom. Non-polar.

question

trigonal pyramidal

answer

Occurs when three atoms and one non-bonding pair is arranged around a central atom. Polar.

question

silicon dioxide

answer

Has a unique structure; O-Si-O bonds are always 109.5°.

question

formal charge

answer

V - N - (B/2) where V = total valence e⁻, N = non-bonding e⁻, and B = bonding e⁻.

question

isomer

answer

Two molecules that are composed of the same type and number of elements but are arranged in different ways and have different properties.

question

combustion of a hydrocarbon

answer

CxHy + (x + y/4)O₂ → xCO₂ + y/2H₂O

question

molar volume

answer

(Vm) The volume occupied by one mole of a substance.

question

molar volume of an ideal gas

answer

22.414 L/mol @ STP

question

limiting reagent

answer

The component of a chemical reaction that will be completely used up first.

question

atomic mass

answer

Can be g/mol, kg/kmol, mg/mmol, etc.

question

specific heat

answer

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one °C. (units: J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹)

question

heat (J)

answer

mass (g) x specific heat (J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹) x ΔT (°C)

question

molar heat capacity

answer

Same as specific heat, but requirement for raising 1 mole of a substance by one °C.

question

bond energy

answer

The energy required to break a bond, and the energy released when a bond is formed.

question

bomb calorimeter

answer

An insulated container used to study reactions at a constant volume.

question

calorimeter constant

answer

Amount of energy required to raise the water surrounding the chamber of the bomb calorimeter by one °C

question

gibbs free energy

answer

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH = change in enthalpy and ΔS = change in entropy.

question

enthalpy

answer

change in energy of a system.

question

entropy

answer

change in chaos of a system.

question

free energy

answer

change in spontaneity of a system.

question

boiling point

answer

The point at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals 1 atm.

question

normal melting point

answer

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).

question

grahams law of effusion

answer

The lighter a gas's atomic weight, the faster it will escape a container.

question

molarity

answer

mols/L; mmols/mL

question

density

answer

d=m/V

question

mass volume

answer

M₁V₁=M₂V₂

question

molarity formula

answer

mol/V

question

molality

answer

mol of solute/kg of solvent

question

% mole fraction

answer

mass of solute/mass of solution volume of solute/volume of solution

question

free energy using R

answer

G=-RTlnK

question

nernst

answer

G=-nFE°cell

question

find ph and poh

answer

pH+pOH=14.00

question

half life

answer

ln(N/N₀)=-kt

question

sum enthalpy

answer

H=€nHproducts-€nHreactants

question

sum free energy

answer

G=€nGproducts-€nGreactants

question

sum entropy

answer

S=€nSproducts-€nSreactants

question

freezing point depression

answer

Tf=Kf*I*m

question

boiling point peak

answer

Tb=Kb*I*m

question

water constant

answer

[H₃O⁺][OH⁻]=Kw=1.0x10⁻¹⁴

question

ph calculations

answer

pH=-log[H₃O⁺]

question

poh calculations

answer

pOH=pK+log(base/acid)

question

Kw calculations

answer

KaKb=Kw

question

half life k constant

answer

t₀∙₅=0.693/k

question

rate law

answer

Rate=kN

question

energy

answer

E=mc²

STUDY

AP Biology Biological Chemistry Chemistry Organic Chemistry

Ch. 4 Bio Study Guide – Flashcards 27 terms

Thomas Owen

27 terms

Preview

Ch. 4 Bio Study Guide – Flashcards

question

Organic Chemistry is a science based on the study of

answer

Carbon Compounds

question

Early 19th-century scientists believed that living organisms differed from nonliving things as a result of processing a "life force" that could create organic molecules from inorganic matter. The term given to this belief is

answer

Vitalism

question

The concept of vitalism is based on a belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws. According to this belief, organic compounds can arise only within living organisms. Which of the following did the most to refute the concept of vitalism?

answer

Miller's experiments with ancient atmospheres.

question

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

answer

living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.

question

Which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a greater number of different elements than any other type of atom?

answer

Carbonhas a valence of 4.

question

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its calence shell?

answer

question

What type(s) of bond(s) does carbon have a tendency to form?

answer

Covalent

question

Which of the following is (are) true about the carbon atoms present in all organic molecules?

answer

A, B, and C are correct

question

What is the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water?

answer

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

question

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C(4)H(10).

answer

question

The two molecules shown in the following figure are best described as

answer

Structural isomers

question

Observe the structures of glucose and frucose. These two molecules differ in the

answer

Arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

question

Observe the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are

answer

Structural isomers.

question

Which of the following is true of geometric isomers?

answer

They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.

question

The two molecules shown in the following figure are best described as (C=C)

answer

Geometric Isomers

question

Research suggests that side effects from Ritalin, the drug used to treat ADD, may be caused by contamination of enantiomers, or molecules that

answer

Are mirror images of one another.

question

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

answer

It should dissolve in water.

question

Which is the best description of a carbonyl group.

answer

A carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double covalent bond.

question

What is the name of the functional group shown in the following figure?

answer

Carboxyl

question

Which of the following contains nitrogen in additon to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?

answer

an amino acid such as glycine.

question

Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?

answer

They are component of urea.

question

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

answer

Carboxyl and amino

question

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

answer

Carboxyl

question

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to borh an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

answer

Would function as neither an acid nor a base.

question

A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

answer

Amino

question

Which functional groups can act as acids?

answer

Carboxyl and phosphate

question

Which of the following statements is (are) true about the phosphate ion?

answer

Only A and B are true It is negatively charged. It has acid properties.

STUDY

AP Chemistry Chemistry

chemistry chapter 1 and 2 – Flashcards 60 terms

Ewan Knight

60 terms

Preview

chemistry chapter 1 and 2 – Flashcards

question

the study of the process that take place in organisms

answer

biochemisty

question

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

answer

organic chemistry

question

the study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon

answer

inorganic chemistry

question

gaseous state of substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

answer

vapor

question

a physical blend of two or more components

answer

mixture

question

part of a sample having uniform composition and properties

answer

phase

question

not uniform in composition

answer

heterogeneous mixture

question

a substance formed in a chemical reaction

answer

product

question

starting substance in a chemical reaction

answer

reactant

question

amount of matter an object contains

answer

mass

question

describes mixture with a uniform composition

answer

homogeneous

question

substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances by chemical means

answer

element

question

composed of two or more substances chemically combined in a fixed proportion

answer

compound

question

process in which substances are changed into different substances

answer

chemical reaction

question

which field of science studies the composition and structure of matter

answer

chemistry

question

the study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon is traditionally called what type of chemistry

answer

inorganic

question

which of the following would a chemist be most likely to study a.) a leaf floating on water b.) a leaf changing color in autumn c.) a leaf being blown by the wind d.) a leaf being eaten by insects

answer

a leaf changing color in autumn

question

which of the following statements is false a.) knowledge of chemistry allows he public to make informed decisions b.) studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology c.) knowledge of chemistry helps prepare people for careers in soil science. d.) chemistry explains many aspects of nature

answer

studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology

question

which of the following is an example of a current research focus in chemistry a.) development of smoke detectors fro common use b.) using hook-and-loop tape in the clothing industry c.) applying gene therapy to treat certain diseases d.) studying coal combustion as an energy source

answer

applying gene therapy to treat certain diseases

question

which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier a.) he showed that oxygen is required for material to burn b.) he demonstrated the presence of phlogiston in air c.) he encouraged scientists to form explanations based on philosophical arguments d.) he developed the science of alchemy

answer

he showed that oxygen is required for material to burn

question

one characteristic of a scientific theory is that

answer

it can never be proved

question

a theory is a

answer

well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

question

the variable that is observed using an experiment is called what type of variable

answer

responding

question

collaboration and communication are important in science because

answer

they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

question

the step that usually comes last in solving numeric problems is

answer

calculate

question

how do conceptual problems differ from numeric problems

answer

solutions to conceptual problems normally do not involve calculations

question

a golf ball has more mass than a tennis ball because it

answer

contains more matter

question

all of the following are physical properties of matter EXCEPT a.) mass b.) color c.) melting point d.) ability to rust

answer

ability to rust

question

which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance a.) color and odor b.) melting and boiling points c.) malleability and hardness

answer

all of them

question

a vapor is what state of matter

answer

gas

question

what state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container

answer

gas

question

which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape, but a definite volume

answer

liquid

question

which state of matter expands when heated and is easy to compress

answer

gas

question

which of the following is a physical change a.) corrosion b.) explosion c.) evaporation d.) rotting of food

answer

evaporation

question

which of the following CANNOT be considered a single phase a.) a pure solid b.) a pure liquid c.) a homogeneous mixture d.) a heterogeneous mixture

answer

a heterogeneous mixture

question

separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid is called

answer

distillation

question

an example of a homogeneous mixture is

answer

stainless steel

question

a substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a

answer

compound

question

what distinguishes a substance from a mixture

answer

mixtures can be separated physically, while compounds cannot

question

which of the following is used for chemical symbols today a.) drawings b.) icons c.) letters d.) numbers

answer

letters

question

the chemical symbol for iron is

answer

question

which of the following represents a compound a.) H b.) H-3 c.) H2O d.) O-16

answer

H2O

question

the chemical formula of a compound does NOT indicate the

answer

how elements are joined in the compound

question

which substance has a chemical symbol that is derived from a Latin name a.) calcium b.) hydrogen c.) oxygen d.) potassium

answer

potassium

question

in the chemical reaction in which sucrose is heated and decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water which of the following is a reactant a.) sucrose b.) carbon dioxide c.) water d.) heat

answer

sucrose

question

which of the following is NOT a physical change a.) grating cheese b.) melting cheese c.) fermenting of cheese d.) mixing two cheeses in a bowl

answer

fermenting of cheese

question

all of the following changes to a metal are physical changes EXCEPT a.) bending b.) melting c.) rusting d.) polishing

answer

rusting

question

which of the following does NOT involves physical change a.) mixing b.) melting c.) grinding d.) decomposing

answer

decomposing

question

which of the following processes does NOT involve a change in chemical properties a.) rusting b.) fermenting c.) boiling d.) burning

answer

boiling

question

a chemical change occurs when a piece of wood

answer

decays

question

which of the following is a chemical property of water at 4 degrees C a.) its color b.) its state c.) its temperature d.) its ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen

answer

its ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen

question

which action changes the identity of the substance referenced a.) melting gold b.) running an electric current through copper c.) corroding iron d.) breaking an ice cube

answer

corroding iron

question

when an iron nail is ground into powder, its mass

answer

stays the same

question

how many traditional areas of study can chemistry be divided into

answer

question

how many steps are involved in solving numeric problems

answer

question

what is the melting point of water in degrees Celsius

answer

0 degrees Celsius

question

in how many physical states does water commonly exist

answer

question

what is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius

answer

100 degrees Celsius

question

approximately how many elements exist in nature

answer

90-92

question

how may grams of liquid water are produced when 60 grams of ice melt

answer

60 grams

STUDY

Big Bang Theory Chemistry Earth Science Life Science PE And Health

Dependent And Independent Variables Test Questions – Flashcards 27 terms

Jazzlyn Howe

27 terms

Preview

Dependent And Independent Variables Test Questions – Flashcards

question

variables

answer

used in math and science; something that CAN be changed

question

constant

answer

something that CANNOT change

question

manipulate/independent variable

answer

one factor changed by the person doing the experiment; "manipulated variable"

question

response/dependent variable

answer

factors being measured in an experiment; changes in response to the changes in the independent/manipulated variable; also known as the "response variable"

question

constants

answer

factors that stay the SAME in an experiment

question

What does a scientist do after she manipulates (changes) the manipulated (independent) variable?

answer

observes

question

Where is the manipulated/independent variable usually plotted?

answer

On the X-axis of a graph

question

response/dependent variable

answer

dependent variable; responds to changes in other variables in the experiment; the factor being measured in an experiment (what is observed AFTER the experiment)

question

manipulated/independent variable

answer

independent variable; the one factor that is changed by the person doing the experiment (what we know before the experiment)

question

Where is the dependent/response variable usually plotted?

answer

On the Y-axis of a graph

question

controlled variables

answer

quantities that a scientist wants to remain the same (constant); must be observed as CAREFULLY as the response variables

question

Experimental Scientific Method

answer

a set of scientific processes that scientists use to answer questions and solves problems in the world around them (cause/effect relationships)

question

Experiment

answer

an investigation designed to find out how variables affect outcomes or results

question

Variable

answer

anything that can change in an experiment that might affect the outcome

question

Controlled Experiment

answer

an experiment in which ONE variable is changed and the outcome is compared to a standard (control)

question

Standard or Control

answer

the basic procedure used in a controlled experiment, before changing any of the variables

question

Hypothesis

answer

an educated guess/prediction based on information and experience

question

Data

answer

pieces of information collected in an experiment/investigation

question

Repeated Trials

answer

Experimental tests done more than once.

question

Conclusions

answer

a statement that describes what an experiment/investigation showed, based on observations and data

question

Two-Coordinate Graph

answer

shows the outcome of a series of experiments when a variable is changed by increment (steps)

question

X-axis

answer

the horizontal axis on a graph (independent/manipulated variable)

question

Y-axis

answer

the vertical axis on a graph (dependent/response variable)

question

Pendulum

answer

a mass hung from a fixed point, free to swing back and forth when put into motion (grandfather clock, swing)

question

Cycle

answer

any motion of an object that periodically repeats (example: one full swing of the pendulum=one cycle)

question

Mean or Average

answer

usual; typical; MIDDLE

question

System

answer

a set of parts that are related in some way and work together (a part can be isolated in a controlled experiment)

STUDY

Chemical Reactions Involve Chemistry Implementing The Plan Make Informed Decisions

Chemistry Chapter 1 Review – Flashcards 32 terms

William Jordan

32 terms

Preview

Chemistry Chapter 1 Review – Flashcards

question

Which field of science studies the composition and structure of matter? A.Physics B.Biology C.Chemistry D.Geology

answer

question

The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon is traditionally called what type of chemistry? A.Bio B.Inorganic C.Physical D.Analytical

answer

question

Which of the following would a chemist be most likely to study? A.A leaf floating on water B.A leaf changing color in autumn C.A leaf being blown by the wind D.A leaf being eaten by insects

answer

question

Which of the following best describes an example of pure chemistry? A. testing the effects of lower concentrations of a drug on humans B. studying chemicals containing carbon C. developing a cure for osteoporosis D. finding an antidote for a new strain of virus

answer

question

Which of the following statements is false? A. Knowledge of chemistry allows the public to make informed decisions. B. Studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology. C. Knowledge of chemistry helps prepare people for careers in soil science. D. Chemistry explains many aspects of nature.

answer

question

Which of the following is an example of chemistry research in the main area of energy? A. producing bioplastics B. specific reactions between prescription drugs and chemicals in cells C. developing rechargeable batteries D. determining the composition of extra-terrestrial soil and rocks.

answer

question

After developing a plan, effective problem solving always involves doing what with that plan? A. Evaluating it. B. Implementing it. C. Analyzing it. D. Doing the calculation.

answer

question

A central concept of the kinetic theory, one of the "big ideas" of chemistry, is the belief that A. for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction. B. chemical reactions involve processes in which reactants produce products. C. the particles in matter are in a state of constant motion. D. every chemical process uses or produces energy, often in the form of heat.

answer

question

Which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier? A. He showed that oxygen is required for material to burn. B. He demonstrated the presence of phlogiston in air. C. He encouraged scientists to form explanations based on philosophical arguments. D. He developed the science of alchemy.

answer

question

In a chemical reaction, the type of products obtained is largely determined by which part of the reacting chemicals? A. protons B. electrons C. neutrons D. nuclei

answer

question

A theory is a ____. A. proposed explanation for an observation B. well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations C. summary of the results of many observations D. procedure used to test a proposed explanation

answer

question

There are many reasons to study chemistry. In general, most people study chemistry for all of the following reasons EXCEPT? A. The social prestige and honor in being a chemist. B. Chemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work. C. Knowledge of chemistry is important for success in a variety of careers. D. Knowledge of chemistry is important in making informed decisions as a citizen.

answer

question

The variable that is observed during an experiment is called what type of variable? A. independent B. manipulated C. controlling D. responding

answer

question

Collaboration and communication are important in science because ____. A. most research problems are not very complex. B. most scientists have the knowledge to solve any scientific problem. C. they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome. D. they keep scientists from having to repeat experiments.

answer

question

Which of these steps should always be followed for effective problem solving? A. buying a larger quantity of material than estimated B. performing metric conversions C. developing a plan and then implementing the plan D. using a trial-and-error approach and then evaluating

answer

question

The step that usually comes last in solving numeric problems is ____. A. calculate B. measure C. evaluate D. analyze

answer

question

How do conceptual problems differ from numeric problems? A. Solutions to conceptual problems involve analysis, while numeric solutions do not. B. Logic is not usually involved in solving numeric problems. C. A plan is necessary to solve numeric problems, but is not necessary for conceptual problems. D. Solutions to conceptual problems normally do not involve calculations.

answer

question

Which of the following is an example of a current research focus in chemistry? a. development of smoke detectors for common use b. using hook-and-loop tape in the clothing industry c. applying gene therapy to treat certain diseases d. studying coal combustion as an energy source

answer

question

One characteristic of a scientific theory is that ____. a. it can never be proved b. it can be proved c. it cannot be modified d. it summarizes a set of observations

answer

question

Which step in the scientific method requires you to use your senses to obtain information? a. revising a hypothesis b. designing an experiment c. making an observation d. stating a theory

answer

question

A golf ball has more mass than a tennis ball because it ____. a. takes up more space b. contains more matter c. contains different kinds of matter d. has a definite composition

answer

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of chemistry research in the main area of energy.

answer

producing hook-and-loop tape

question

How many steps are involved in solving numeric problems?

answer

question

How many general reasons are given to study chemistry?

answer

question

Explain why the scope of chemistry is so vast

answer

It answers many questions about the world

question

Identify five traditional areas of study in chemistry

answer

Organic, Inorganic, Biochemistry, Analytical and Physical

question

Identify three general reasons to study chemistry.

answer

Informed citizen, career preparation and to know how things work

question

Identify some outcomes of modern research in chemistry.

answer

Advanced technology and improved medicine

question

Identify three steps in the scientific method.

answer

Question, Hypothesize and question

question

Explain the role collaboration and communication play in science.

answer

It increases the chance of an successful outcome and some problems are so complex that one person can't do it by themselves

question

Describe the steps for solving numeric problems.

answer

Analyze, calculate and evaluate

question

Describe the steps for solving nonnumeric problems.

answer

Analyze and evaluate

STUDY

Chemistry

Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding Study Guide: McGraw Hill Textbook – Flashcards 68 terms

Ben Russell

68 terms

Preview

Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding Study Guide: McGraw Hill Textbook – Flashcards

question

When sharing of electrons occurs the attachment between atoms is called

answer

covalent bond

question

in a covelant bond, the dissociation energy is released in the process of

answer

exothermic reaction

question

When 2 or more atoms bond by means of electron sharing - the result is

answer

a molecule

question

shared electrons are centered between the 2 atoms in covalent bonding, the attachment is called

answer

a sigma bond

question

in covalent bonding with there is an overlap of parallel orbitals - this type of attachment occurs

answer

pi bond

question

In what form do electrons such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen normally occur

answer

as molecules containing 2 atoms

question

How many electrons are shared in a double covelant bond?

answer

four

question

bond length is the distance between

answer

the nuclei of 2 attached atoms

question

which form of relationships relating to bond length is normally correct?

answer

shorter = stronger

question

True of False: Binary molecular compounds are generally composed of a metal & a nonmetal

answer

false

question

True of False: The 2nd element in the formula of a binary compound is named using the suffix - ite

answer

false

question

True of False: The prefix "tetra-" means 3 atoms

answer

false

question

True of False: The prefix "hexa-" means 6 atoms

answer

true

question

True or False: When naming the 1st element in a formula, the prefix "mono-" is not used

answer

true

question

True or False: For binary acids, the hydrogen part of the compound is named using the prefix "hydro-"

answer

true

question

True of False: An oxyacid contains 2 elements

answer

false

question

True of False: If the name of the anion of an oxyacid inds in "-ate", the acid name ends in "-ous"

answer

false

question

what is CO

answer

carbon monoxide

question

what is CO2

answer

carbon dioxide

question

what is H2CO3

answer

carbonic acid

question

what is NH3

answer

ammonia

question

what is N2O4

answer

dinitrogen tetroxide

question

what is HNO2

answer

nitrous acid

question

What is HNO3

answer

nitric acid

question

what is HBr

answer

hydrobromic acid

question

what is HBrO3

answer

bromic acid

question

T/F: A structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

answer

true

question

T/F: the central atom in a molecule is the one with the higher electron affinity

answer

false

question

T/F: in molecules, hydrogen is always a terminal atom

answer

true

question

T/F: the number of bonding pairs in a molecule is = to the number of electrons

answer

false

question

T/F: to find the total number of electrons available for bonding in a + ion, you should + the ion charge to the total number of valence electrons of the atoms present

answer

false

question

T/F: the electrons in a coordinate covelant bond are donated by both the bonded atoms

answer

false

question

T/F: resonance occurs when more than 1 valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule

answer

true

question

T/F: Nitrate is an example of an ion that forms resonance structures

answer

true

question

T/F: The carbon dioxide molecule contains 2 double bonds

answer

true

question

T/F: all electrons in an atom are available for bonding

answer

false

question

T/F: in the sulfate ion (SO42-), 32 electrons are available for bonding

answer

true

question

T/F: when carbon and oxygen bond, the molecule contains 10 pairs of bonding electrons

answer

false

question

answer

more than one valid Lewis structure

question

BF3

answer

fewer than 8 electrons around central atom

question

answer

odd number of valence electrons

question

SF6

answer

more than 8 electrons around central atoms

question

what determines molecular shape

answer

VSEPR model

question

bond angle is an angle between

answer

2 terminal atoms and the central atom

question

VSEPR model is based on what idea

answer

shared and unshared electron pairs repel each other as much as possible

question

tetrahedral molecule

answer

molecule shape that has central atom with 4 pairs of bonding electrons

question

linear molecule

answer

molecule shape that has 2 covelant single bonds and no lone pairs on the central atom

question

trigonal pyramidal molecule

answer

molecule shape that has 3 single covalent bonds and 1 lone pair on the central atom

question

hybridization

answer

the formation of new orbitals from a combination or rearrangement of valence electrons

question

in hybridization

answer

orbitals are identical to each other. Carbon is an element that undergoes hybridization commonly

question

sp3

answer

atom combining 3 p orbitals and its 1 s orbital in hybridization. Example of this is methane

question

electronegativity

answer

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons

question

element with highest electronegativity and its numerical value

answer

flourine; 3.98

question

name and group # of the family with highest overall electronegativities

answer

halogens, group 7A

question

element with the lowest electronegativity and its numerical value

answer

francium; 0.7

question

Name and group # of the chemical family that has the lowest overall electronegativities

answer

alkali metals; Group 1A

question

T/F: Ionic compounds are usually soluble in polar substances

answer

question

T/F: in a covelant molecular compound, the attraction between molecules tends to be strong

answer

question

Polarity: polar covalent bond

answer

unequal sharing of electrons between the 2 bonded atoms always indicates this

question

Polarity: ionic bond

answer

when electronegativities of 2 bonded atoms differ greatly

question

Polarity: Difference of 1.7

answer

electronegativity difference that usually is the dividing line between covalent and ionic bonds

question

symbol for the less negative atom in a polar covalent bond

answer

has a + sign; opposite so the more negative has a -

question

a nonpolar covalent bond is on that

answer

has electrons that are share equally

question

molecules containing only polar covalent bonds

answer

may or may not be polar

question

what factor other than electonegativity determines whether a molecule as a whole is polar or not?

answer

its geometry - not temperature, physical state or mass

question

Best description of the compound of water, H2O

answer

polar overall, with polar covalent bonds

question

Best description of the compound of tetrachloride, CCl4

answer

nonpolar overall, with polar covalent bonds

question

A molecule of ammonia, NH3, is

answer

polar b/c there is an electronegativity difference & the molecule is trigonal pyramid

STUDY

Balanced Chemical Equation Chemistry General Chemistry

chemistry chapter 10 study guide – Flashcards 20 terms

Mya Day

20 terms

Preview

chemistry chapter 10 study guide – Flashcards

question

Gram-atomic mass

answer

the molar mass of an element expressed in grams per mole (g/mol)

question

Gram-formula mass

answer

The mass of a mole of formula units in a ionic compound bond.

question

Mole

answer

the simplest structural unit of an element or compound A group of atoms bonded together

question

Empirical formula

answer

A formula showing the lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

question

STP

answer

0 degrees C and 1 atm

question

Molar mass

answer

The mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance

question

Molar volume

answer

the volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP); 22.4 L

question

Avogadro's number

answer

6.022 x 10^23

question

Gram-molecular mass

answer

the mass in grams of a mole of molecular units; a value numerically equivalent to the average molecular mass expressed in grams

question

% Composition

answer

(Mass of X in formula)/(Formula Weight of Compound) x 100%

question

What are the representative particles?

answer

Atom, molecule, count

question

What are the diatomic elements?

answer

Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Chlorine Iodine Bromine

question

What is the value of Avogadro's number

answer

6.022 x 10^23

question

What is relationship between A's number & the mole

answer

They are equal to each other

question

What is the molar volume of a gas @ STP

answer

22.4

question

What are the values of STP in SI units

answer

0 Celsius, 101.3 kilopascals (Kpa)

question

Be able to recognize if an empirical formula or not

answer

[[to be emp., must have lowest whole number ratio; IF it can be simplified, it is a molecular formula; NEVER REDUCE SUBSCRIPTS OF A POLYATOMIC ION!!]]

question

What are 3 ways quantities can be measured in chemistry

answer

Mass Volume Count

question

Be able to determine moles of atoms in a molecular formula. o Ex: 0.2 mol H2O

answer

How many moles of hydrogen? 2 x .2= .4 total moles= 3 x .2=.6

question

Empirical Formula

answer

o divide amount given by element's atomic mass o divide these answers by whichever is the smallest o correct for any decimal fractions o ratio becomes subscripts for empirical formula

STUDY

Alloys Chemistry

Chapter 7 Study Guide: Chemistry – Flashcards 20 terms

Evie Nicholson

20 terms

Preview

Chapter 7 Study Guide: Chemistry – Flashcards

question

(7.1) Ions Key Term

answer

To find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element, simply look at its group number

question

(7.1) Ions Key Term cont.

answer

A positively charged ion, or cation, is produced when an atom loses one or more valence electrons

question

(7.1) Ions Key Term cont.2

answer

An anion is produced when an atom gains one or more valence electrons

question

(7.2) Ionic Bonds & Ionic Compounds Key Term

answer

Although they are composed of ions, ionic compounds are electrically neutral

question

(7.2) Key Term cont.

answer

Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temp.

question

(7.2.) Key Terms cont.2

answer

Ionic compounds generally have high melting points

question

(7.2) Key Terms cont.3

answer

Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water

question

(7.3) Bonding in Metals Key Term

answer

The valence electrons of an atom in a pure metal can be modeled as a sea of electrons

question

(7.3) Key Term cont.

answer

Alloys are important because their properties are often superior to those of their component elements

question

Valence Electron

answer

The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an electrons atoms; largely determines the chemical properties of an element

question

Electron Dot Structure

answer

Diagrams that show valence electrons of an element as dots

question

Octet Rule

answer

States that in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas; set of 8

question

Halide Ion

answer

The ions produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons

question

Ionic Compound

answer

A compound composed of cation and anions

question

Ionic Bonds

answer

The electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds

question

Chemical Formula

answer

Shows the numbers of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of substance; ex- NaCl is sodium chloride

question

Formula Unit

answer

The lowest whole-number ration of ions in an ionic compound

question

Coordination Number

answer

The number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal

question

Metallic Bond

answer

The forces of attraction between the free-floating valence electrons and the positively charged metal ions

question

Alloy

answer

Mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

STUDY

Chemistry

Chemistry Unit 2 Study Guide Answers – Flashcards 41 terms

Rosa Sloan

41 terms

Preview

Chemistry Unit 2 Study Guide Answers – Flashcards

question

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample ex. volume and mass

answer

What is an extensive property?

question

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample ex. silk, hardness, cotton, color,

answer

What is an intensive property?

question

matter that has a uniform and definite composition ex. pure water,

answer

What is a substance?

question

a quality of a substance that can be observed without changing its composition ex. color, temp., melting and boiling point, shape, size, volume, density

answer

What is a physical property?

question

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific change ex. rusting, baking a cake, burning, fermentation, molding

answer

What is a chemical property?

question

The difference between a physical property and a chemical property is that a physical property can be observed without changing the composition of a substance. A chemical property can only be observed by changing the composition of a substance.

answer

What are the differences between a physical and chemical property?

question

definite shape and volume

answer

solid

question

indefinite shape and fixed volume (doesn't change in a container)

answer

liquid

question

indefinite shape and volume (takes the volume and shape of its container)

answer

gas

question

when some properties of a material change but the composition does not

answer

What is a physical change?

question

a change that takes the original matter and creates a different matter with a different composition ex. rotting, rusting, burning, baking, frying

answer

What is a chemical change?

question

boiling, melting, freezing, condensing

answer

Which types of change are reversible?

question

cutting, cracking, breaking, splitting, grinding, crushing

answer

Which types of change are irreversible?

question

a reactant and a product

answer

What are the components in a chemical reaction?

question

if the composition of matter has changed

answer

How do you know if a chemical reaction has taken place?

question

transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of gas, the formation of a precipitate

answer

What are the 4 concrete pieces of evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place?

question

cutting cheese, zest lemons, cracking an egg, zesting a lemon

answer

What are some physical changes in cooking?

question

frying onions, cooking vegetables, baking pastries

answer

What are some chemical changes in cooking?

question

during a physical or chemical change, mass is neither created or destroyed

answer

What is the conservation of mass?

question

the mass will say the same, the mass of the product will be the same as the reactant

answer

How does the conservation of mass apply to chemical reactions?

question

a physical blend of two or more components

answer

What is a mixture?

question

homogeneous and heterogeneous

answer

What are the 2 classifications of a mixture?

question

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout ex. soil, a salad, a mixed vegetable soup, oil and vinegar

answer

heterogeneous mixture

question

a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout ex. salt and sugar water, rubbing alcohol,

answer

homogeneous mixture

question

filtration and distillation

answer

What is a 2-phase mixture and how can you separate them?

question

a solution: solvent + solute

answer

What's the other known name for referring to homogeneous mixtures?

question

the composition of a substance is fixed and the composition of a mixture is can vary

answer

How is a mixture different that a substance?

question

simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

answer

What is an element?

question

a substance that contains two or more elements in a fixed proportion ex. air, water, sugar, salt

answer

What is a compound?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Sliver?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Iron?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Chlorine?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Fluorine?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Bromine?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Iodine?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Sodium?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Potassium?

question

answer

What is the chemical symbol for Calcium?

question

a shorthand way to represent compounds

answer

What is a chemical formula?

question

the relative proportions of the element in a compound, the composition, and the identity

answer

What does a chemical formula indicate?

STUDY

Chemistry Control Center Of The Cell Negatively Charged Particles

Chapter 4 Chemistry: Matter and Change (Study Guide) – Flashcards 15 terms

Alexander Barker

15 terms

Preview

Chapter 4 Chemistry: Matter and Change (Study Guide) – Flashcards

question

Alpha Radiation

answer

is deflected toward a negatively charged plate when radiation from a radioactive source is directed between two electrically charged plates.

question

Atom

answer

smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element.

question

Atomic Mass

answer

weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element.

question

Atomic Mass Unit

answer

one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

question

Beta Radiation

answer

is deflected toward a positively charged plate when radiation from a radioactive source is directed between two electrically charged plates.

question

Cathode Ray

answer

a ray of radiation that originates from the cathode and travels to the anode of a cathode ray tube

question

Dalton's Atomic Theory

answer

based on numerous scientific experiments, that marked the beginning of the development of modern atomic theory.

question

Gamma Ray

answer

high energy radiation that has no electrical charge and no mass, is not deflected by electric or magnetic fields, usually accompanies alpha and beta radiation, and accounts for most of the energy lost during radioactive decay.

question

Isotopes

answer

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

question

Nucleus

answer

the extremely small, positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and is surrounded by empty space through which one or more negatively charged electrons move.

question

Radiation

answer

rays and particles--alpha and beta particles and gamma rays--that are emitted by radioactive materials.

question

Radioactive Decay

answer

a spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.

question

Radioactivity

answer

the process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation.

question

Both pertain atoms; Mass number is the sum of protons & neutrons in the nucleus, Atomic number is the number or protons in an atom.

answer

Mass number, Atomic Number (Compare & Contrast)

question

Both concern changes in an atom; Nuclear reaction involves change in an atom's nucleus, Nuclear equation shows the atomic number & mass number of the particle involved in a reaction.

answer

Nuclear Reaction, Nuclear Equation (Compare & Contrast)

STUDY

Chemistry Chocolate Chip Cookie Element Physical Science

worksheet#2: Physical/ Chemical Properties/ changes {chemistry: A study of matter page 2.4 to 2.9 (chemistry) {worksheet: classification of matter} – Flashcards 44 terms

Cara Robinson

44 terms

Preview

worksheet#2: Physical/ Chemical Properties/ changes {chemistry: A study of matter page 2.4 to 2.9 (chemistry) {worksheet: classification of matter} – Flashcards

question

__________properties can be observed without chemically changing matter.__________properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances.__________have definite shapes and definite volumes.__________ have indefinite shapes and definite volumes.__________have indefinite shapes and indefinite volumes.

answer

Physical, Chemical, Solids, Gases, Liquids

question

phase changes are__________changes.__________point is the temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid . It is also equal to the __________point which is the temperature at which a__________ turns to a__________. __________point is the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas, and__________point is the temperature at which a gas turns to a liquid. Occasionally, a solid turns directly into a gas without turning into a liquid first. This is called__________

answer

Physical, Freezing, Melting, Solids, Liquid, Boiling, Condensation, Sublimation

question

Combustibility

answer

chemical

question

Malleability

answer

Physical

question

Weight

answer

Physical

question

Failure to react

answer

chemical

question

Ductility

answer

Physical

question

Texture

answer

Physical

question

Density

answer

Physical

question

Tendency to corrode

answer

Physical

question

Volume

answer

Physical

question

Melting point

answer

Physical

question

Odor

answer

Physical

question

Flammability

answer

chemical

question

Digestion of food

answer

chemical

question

Getting a haircut

answer

Physical

question

Evaporation

answer

Physical

question

Ice cube melting

answer

Physical

question

Crushing rocks

answer

Physical

question

Explosions

answer

chemical

question

Lighting a candle

answer

chemical

question

Tarnishing silver

answer

chemical

question

Formation of acid rain

answer

chemical

question

Dissolving salt in water

answer

Physical

question

A(n)__________is a pure substance that is made of only one kind of atom. The symbol for a(n)__________is always one or two letters. When the symbol contains two letters, the first letter is always__________, and the second letter is always__________.

answer

Element, Element, Uppercase, Lower case

question

A(n)__________is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are__________combined. A(n)__________is represented by a chemical__________. The elements in a(n)__________always combine in__________proportions.

answer

Compound, Chemically, Compound, Formula, Compound, Definite

question

A(n)__________is made of two or more substances that are__________combined.A(n)__________that is uniformly mixed is called__________.A special name for this is a(n)__________.A(n)__________that is not uniformly mixed is called__________. A special type of mixture that is a solid__________ of two or more metals is called a(n)__________.

answer

Mixture, Chemically, Mixture, Homogeneous, Solution, Mixture, Heterogeneous, Solution, Allow

question

Chocolate chip cookie

answer

Heterogeneous mixture

question

Oxygen gas

answer

Element

question

Salt water

answer

Homogeneous mixture/ solution

question

Taco

answer

Heterogeneous mixture

question

Gold

answer

Element

question

Carbon dioxide

answer

Compound

question

Water

answer

Compound

question

Kool aid

answer

Element

question

Table salt

answer

Element

question

Muddy water

answer

Heterogeneous mixture

question

Potassium

answer

Element

question

Brass

answer

Homogeneous mixture/ solution

question

Graphite

answer

Element

question

Galss

answer

Homogeneous mixture/ solution

question

Air

answer

Homogeneous mixture/ solution

question

Kool aid

answer

question

Table salt

answer

STUDY

Chemistry Electromagnetic Waves

Earth and Space Mid Term Chapter 23 – Flashcards 21 terms

Rosa Sloan

21 terms

Preview

Earth and Space Mid Term Chapter 23 – Flashcards

question

Which color has the longest wave length

answer

Red

question

The study of spectroscopy was begun by

answer

Sir Issac Newton

question

The type of spectrum produced by a common light bulb is a

answer

Continuous Spectrum

question

As the temperature of a radiating surface is increased the total amount of energy emitted (increases/decreases) and a larger portion of the energy is radiated at shorter/longer wavelengths

answer

Directly Proportional

question

To determine wheaten a celestial body is approaching or receding from the Earth, astronomers employ the

answer

Doppler Effect

question

The first person to use a telescope for astronomical observations was

answer

Galileo

question

The problems encountered with lenses caused _____ to build reflection telescopes of his own design.

answer

Sir Issac Newton

question

Because lenses act like a prism to separate the colors of the spectrum, they produce a troublesome effect known as

answer

Chromatic Abberation

question

Nearly all large optical telescopes built today are

answer

Reflecting

question

The layer of the Sun that radiates most of the light that reaches Earth is called the

answer

Photosphere

question

The layer of the solar atmosphere directly above the photosphere is referred to as the

answer

Troposphere

question

The outermost layer of the Sun is called the

answer

Corona

question

The most explosive events to occur on the Sun are

answer

Solar Flares

question

The source of the Sun's energy is

answer

Nuclear Fussion

question

The most conspicuous features on the surface of the Sun are dark areas called

answer

Sun Spots

question

The Sun's surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright markings called

answer

Granules

question

The Sun produces energy by converting

answer

Hydrogen nuclei to Helium nuclei

question

The amount of energy released during a nuclear reaction was established by

answer

Albert Einstein

question

Streams of protons and electrons emitted from the Sun produce the

answer

Solar Winds

question

During periods of high solar activity, huge cloud-like structures that appear as great arches extending form the Sun are often produced. These solar features are called

answer

Prominence

question

List all the Forms of Radiation

answer

List

STUDY

Chemistry Flashcards, test questions and answers

We've found 2474 Chemistry tests

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards