Dr. Roberts Chemistry 122 Test Questions – Flashcards

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What is chemistry?

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Study of mater and it's interacton with other mater

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What is scientific method?

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a set of general principles that describes the thinking of a scientist

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Name the more steps involved in the scientific method?

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Observations,Hypotheisis, Experiments, and Theory

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What is the importance of chemistry?

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Understanding chemistry and measurement helps us make proper choices about the world

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What is the difference of

Mass vs. Weight

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Mass is the same no matter what

weight is depentent on gravity

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What equation is used to show Density?

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Density = mass of substance


volume of substance

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What is ment by density?

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mass of an object vs. it's volume

 

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What is chemistry's relationship to other sciences?

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Physics is the basis of chemistry.

Chemistry is the basis of biology.

Biology is the basis for psychology.

Psychology is the basis of sociology.

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What is the relationship between cm3 and mL?

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D=; g; =;; g


;;;;;;; mL = cm3

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What is specifc gravity?

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A ratio between density of a substance and the density of water.

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How is specific gravity related to density?

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specific gravity = density of sample


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; density of water

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What is the density of water?

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1.00 g/ml

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What is matter?

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A measure of the quantity of material in an object

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What are the physical states of matter?

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Pure substance or mixtures

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How can we tell the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

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A pure substance is one type of matter

A mixture is 2 or more pure substances

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What is an element?

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Element is the simples because they are compused of one atom.

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What is a compound?

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Consist of a combination of two or more elements in the same ratio.

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What is ment by period?

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Each horizontal row on the periodic table

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What is ment by group?

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Each vertical column on the periodic table

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What is the name of group 1?

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Alkali Metals

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What is the name of group 2?

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Alkaline earth metals

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What is the name of group 17?

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Halogens

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What is the name of group 18?

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Noble gases

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Where are metals found on the periodic table?

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Found on the left of the line except for hydrogen

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Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

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Found on the right of the line

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Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?

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Found in the shaded boxes

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What subatomic particles are found in an atom?

Where are they located?

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Proton - nucleus

Neutron - nucleus

Electron - outside nucleus

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What are the charges of the subatomic particles?

What are their masses?

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Protons = + 1amu

Neutron = 0 1amu

Electron = - 0amu

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Given an isotope symbol for an element, how can we determine the numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons?

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mass number - atomic number = neutrons

atomic number = protons and electrons

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What is ment by isotopes?

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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

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Why is the mass reported on the periodic table different than the mass of individual isotope?

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Mass reported on the periodic table is an average of naturally occuring isotopes.

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Which orbitals are found in each energy level?

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s orbitals for each s sublevel

p orbitals for each p sublevel

d orbitals for each d sublevel

f orbitals for each f sublevel

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What are the maximum number of electrons found in each shell, subshell, or orbital?

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s - 2 electrons

p - 6 electrons

d - 10 electrons

f = 14 electrons

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Orbitals: Shape of s

How is this related to the probability of locating; an electron?

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S is 3D spherical shape

The shape gives a high probability of locating an electron

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Orbitals: Shape of p

How is this related to the probability of locating; an electron?

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Shape of p is 3D dumbbell

This gives p a higher probability of finding an electron.

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Electron spin

(what happens when 2 electrons are placed in the same orbital?)

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They have opposite spins

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Periodic Trends

relationship to period and group

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Periods = increase or decrease

Group = patteren of regular change

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Atomic Size: trend in period?

group?

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Period = increase of valence electrons w/ corresponding increase in protons

Group = atomic radius increases

 

 

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Ionization Energy (first): trend in period?

group?

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period = increases

group = decreases

 

 

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Valence Electrons

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Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

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Lewis Symbols for atoms

(Electron-Don Symbols)

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Convenient way to represent the valence electron.

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The mass of the sun is 2.00 x 1030kg.  Hydrogen makes up 74% of this mass.

Calculate the mass of hydrogen in the sun in grams.  Show answer in scientific notation.

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2.00 x 1030 kg    74 kgH   1000 gH


 

                     100 kg     1kgH

 

148 x 1035


100                               = 1.48 x 1033 gH

 

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Kelvin vs. Celsius

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100 kelvins = 1 celsius unit

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Beaker

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Erlenmeyer Flask

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Graduated Cylinder

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Volumetric Flask

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