7th Grade – Life Science Final Exam Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
adaptation
answer
the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)
question
evolution
answer
change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
question
speciation
answer
The process by which a new species evolves from a prior species, the most basic process in macroevolution.
question
natural selection
answer
a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment
question
Charles Darwin
answer
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
question
fossil
answer
the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil; commonly found in sedimentary rock.
question
fossil record
answer
a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earth's crust
question
variation
answer
(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration
question
over production
answer
more offspring are produced than there are resources for, so they don't survive. Also, known as overpopulation.
question
selective breeding
answer
The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation
question
species
answer
group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
question
generation time
answer
the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation
question
common ancestor
answer
Scientific Theory: the fact that all organisms have DNA as their genetic material is evidence that all organisms may have descended from a common ancestor.
question
DNA
answer
Molecule that carries our hereditary information, Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. (AT and GC) in the shape of a twisted ladder called a double helix
question
nucleotide
answer
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
question
RNA
answer
ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
question
ribosome
answer
a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; site of protein synthesis
question
cross breeding
answer
when you take one trait from one organism and add it to a new organism, Breeding animals from different varieties to produce a breed with traits of both parents
question
inbreeding
answer
continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics; crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles
question
cloning
answer
The process of creating a genetic duplicate of an individual organism through asexual reproduction; Genetically Identical; controversial; the first organism ever cloned was Dolly the Sheep
question
mutation
answer
any change in a gene or chromosome; a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule; can cause some genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia
question
DNA fingerprinting
answer
process in which the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA molecules, in order to identify individuals; used to solve crimes and for Paternity and Maternity tests; process in which the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA molecules.A dye is used to clearly see the patterns of DNA. No two people have the same DNA, except identical twins.
question
mutagens
answer
A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
question
A, T, G, C
answer
4 nitrogen bases of DNA Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
question
Adenine
answer
Nitrogen base that pairs with thymine.
question
Thymine
answer
nitrogen base found ONLY in DNA that pairs with adenine
question
Guanine
answer
Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine.
question
Cytosine
answer
The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA
question
ribonucleic acid
answer
(RNA) part of the genetic material that organisms inherited from their parents;
question
Selective Breeding
answer
humans cross organisms to obtain desirable traits; breeding plants or animals with certain traits to produce offspring with those traits (Ex: Angus cows are bred to increase muscle mass for more meat; plants that are produced to be resistant to disease)
question
Gene Therapy
answer
a technique of inserting working copy of a gene directly into the cell of a person with a genetic disorder; a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome
question
Human Genome Project
answer
An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome; purpose to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome
question
Hybridization
answer
breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals, or parents, to bring together the best traits of both organisms (ex: creating disease resistant plants; crossing a donkey and a horse to make a mule)
question
Genetic Engineering
answer
process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms; (example of benefit: creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes) Bacteria is the most commonly used organism for Genetic Engineering
question
double helix
answer
shape or structure of DNA
question
pedigree
answer
a chart or diagram that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait; used to trace the inheritance of traits over generations of families
question
karyotypes
answer
a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs; genetic counselors study these to predict genetic disorders
question
genome
answer
all the DNA in one cell of an organism
question
Electrophoresis
answer
A process where DNA fingerprinting where fragments are separated according to size using electrical charges
question
Artic Flounder gene
answer
a gene used to create a plant that can survive the cold
question
Stem Cell
answer
unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right conditions
question
genetic code
answer
the order of nitrogen bases alsong a gene
question
protein synthesis
answer
the manufacture of proteins; takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
question
Genetically Modified Organism
answer
GMO; a plant, animal, or microorganism in which genes have been added, rearranged, or replaced through genetic engineering
question
gene
answer
a string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait
question
amino acid
answer
basic building blocks of protein molecules, the code for a given amino acid consists of three bases; three bases code for one.
question
Stage 1
answer
Chromosomes are not visible; chromosomes make a copy of itself (parent cell)
question
Stage 2
answer
Copies of chromosomes fasten together; nuclear membrane disappears
question
stage 3
answer
Chromosomes line up along the center
question
stage 4
answer
Chromosomes split apart and are pulled to opposite ends of cells
question
stage 5
answer
Chromosomes become hard to see; cells split and 2 new nuclear membranes form (two daughter cells)
question
asexual reproduction
answer
results in offspring that are exact copies of their parents' genotype
question
sexual reproduction
answer
produces offspring that share traits with their parents but are not exactly like either parent
question
mitosis
answer
One parent cell makes a copy of itself, it then divides and the resulting cells are exact copies of the parent
question
Most of the cells in your body reproduce this way.
answer
Mitosis
question
sex cells
answer
The parent cells in sexual reproduction
question
46
answer
The number of chromosones in a human body cell
question
23
answer
The number of chromosones in a sex cell
question
homologous chromosones
answer
chromosones that carry the same sets of genes
question
Has only one chromosone from each homologous pair
answer
sex cell
question
Sex cells are made during---
answer
meiosis
question
meiosis
answer
a copying process that produces cells with half the usual number of chromosones
question
26 chromosones
answer
the number of chromosones in a human egg or sperm cell
question
Where are genes located
answer
on chromosones
question
Mitosis Stage One
answer
Each chromosone is copied
question
Mitosis Stage 2
answer
The chromosones thicken and shorten. Each chromosone is made up of identical copies, called chromatids
question
Chromatids
answer
The identical copies each chromosone is made up of after the chromosone copies itself
question
Mitosis Stage 3
answer
The nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromatids line up along the equator of the cell
question
Mitosis Stage 4
answer
The chromatids pull apart
question
Mitosis Stage 5
answer
The nuclear membrane forms around the separated chromatids, the chromosones unwind, and the cell divides
question
Mitosis Stage 6
answer
The result is two identical copies of the same cell
question
What happens during meiosis
answer
Chromosones are copied once, and then the nucleus divides twice
question
The number of cells made during meiosis
answer
Four
question
Sex chromosones
answer
carry genes that determine sex
question
Two X Chromosones
answer
The kind of chromosones that females have
question
One X and One Y Chromosone
answer
The kind of chromosones that Males have
question
Female Chromosone
answer
This type of sex chromosone has a backup gene if one becomes damaged
question
Sex-linked disorders
answer
Genes for disorders, like diseases, that are carried on the X chromosone
question
Hemophilia
answer
A sex-linked disorder that prevents people's blood from clotting
question
Pedigree
answer
A diagraml for tracing a trait through generations of a family, used to predict whether a person is a carrier of a disease
question
Solid Square
answer
In a pedigree this indicates that a person has a certain trait
question
Half-Filled Square
answer
In a pedigree indicates that a person is a carrier of the trait
question
Selective Breeding
answer
Breeding in which organisms with desirable characteristics are mated
question
X Chromosone
answer
The kind of chromosone an egg has
question
X or Y chromosone
answer
The kind of chromosone a sperm has
question
heredity
answer
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
question
dominant trait
answer
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
question
recessive trait
answer
A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
question
gene
answer
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
question
allele
answer
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
question
phenotype
answer
an organism's physical appearance, or other detectable characteristics; visible traits
question
genotype
answer
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits. Represented by capital and/or lower-case letters.
question
probability
answer
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
question
homologous chromosomes
answer
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
question
meiosis
answer
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
question
sex chromosomes
answer
One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. 23 in humans
question
pedigree
answer
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
question
punnet square
answer
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
question
herterozygous
answer
having different genes on a pair of chromosomes
question
homozygous
answer
an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
question
selective breeding
answer
the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits
question
inbreeding
answer
continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms
question
hybridization
answer
crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
question
cloning
answer
making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism
question
genetic engineering
answer
a science of manipulating the genes of living things to instill some desirable trait not present in the original organism. An example is a tomato given a gene to delay its rotting.
question
DNA fingerprinting
answer
a laboratory technique in which genetic markers are used to identify the source of a DNA sample
question
gene therapy
answer
The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder
question
Human Genome Project
answer
An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome.
question
karyotype
answer
A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs
question
amniocentesis
answer
(pregnancy) extraction by centesis of amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman (after the 15th week of pregnancy) to aid in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities
question
Gregor Mendel
answer
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
question
cross-pollination
answer
a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant; by wind or an animal.
question
self-pollination
answer
the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower
question
purebred
answer
the offspring of many generations that have the same traits
question
hybrid
answer
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
question
Copying DNA (Interphase)
answer
Chromosomes are not visible; chromosomes make a copy of itself (parent cell) called chomatids.
question
Mitosis Phase 1 (Prophase)
answer
Copies of chromosomes fasten together; nuclear membrane disappears
question
Mitosis Phase 2 (Metaphase)
answer
Chromosomes line up along the center at the cell's equator
question
Mitosis Phase 3 (Anaphase)
answer
Chromosomes split apart and are pulled to opposite ends of cells
question
Mitosis Phase 4 (Telophase)
answer
Chromosomes become hard to see; cells split and 2 new nuclear membranes form (two daughter cells)
question
Cytokinesis
answer
The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
question
diffusion
answer
the process by which particles (molecules) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
question
osmosis
answer
diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
question
passive transport
answer
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
question
active transport
answer
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
question
endocytosis
answer
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
question
exocytosis
answer
the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
question
semipermeable
answer
membranes that allow some substances through but not others
question
photosynthesis
answer
the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
question
celluar respiration
answer
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
question
fermentation
answer
the process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen
question
cell cycle
answer
the life cycle of a cell
question
chromosome
answer
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
question
homologous chromosomes
answer
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
question
mitosis
answer
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
question
cytokinesis
answer
the division of the cytoplasm of a cell
question
central nervous system
answer
The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
question
peripheral nervous system
answer
the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
question
neuron
answer
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
question
nerve
answer
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
question
brain
answer
that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers
question
integumentary system
answer
the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body
question
reflex
answer
...
question
p 664
answer
...
question
digestive system
answer
the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body
question
mechanical digestion
answer
the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food
question
chemical digestion
answer
enzymes and other chemicals break down large food molecules into smaller ones
question
mouth
answer
the start of the digestive system
question
teeth
answer
rip, tear and mash food as part of mechanical digestion
question
saliva
answer
moistens food and contains an enzyme to break down starch
question
esophagus
answer
a tube for food between the mouth and stomach
question
stomach
answer
muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
question
pancreas
answer
an organ that secrets chemicals to break food down and neutralize acid at the end of the stomach; secretes pacreatic juices
question
small intestine
answer
long tube with villi to increase surface area for absorption. Chemical digestion continues; nutrients are absorbed
question
large intestine
answer
beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; water is absorbed
question
gallbladder
answer
a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion; bile is stored
question
liver
answer
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; makes bile to break fat, stores nutrients, breaks down toxins
question
urinary system
answer
the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine , kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
question
kidney
answer
either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine
question
nephron
answer
any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney
question
ureter
answer
either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
question
urethra
answer
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
question
rectum
answer
the lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored
question
anus
answer
A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body
question
salivary glands
answer
help in chemical digestion; glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion
question
epiglottis
answer
a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering while swallowing
question
chyme
answer
a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum
question
duodenum
answer
the first part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum
question
ileum
answer
the end part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum
question
jejunum
answer
the middle part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
question
cardiovascular system
answer
system that transports materials to and from your cells
question
blood
answer
connective tissue made up of 2 types of cells, cell parts and plasma
question
arteries
answer
blood vessels that direct blood away from the heart
question
capillaries
answer
smallest blood vessel in your body, only 1 cell thick
question
veins
answer
blood vessels that direct the blood back to the heart
question
pulmonary circulation
answer
circulation of blood between your heart and lungs
question
systemic circulation
answer
circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body
question
lymphatic system
answer
system that collects the excess fluids and returns it in your body
question
lymph
answer
fluid and particles absorbed into lymph capillaries
question
lymph nodes
answer
small, bean-shaped organs where particles, such as pathogens or dead cells, are removed from a lymph
question
thymus
answer
located above your heart, releases WBCs
question
spleen
answer
filters blood and like thymus, releases WBCs, largest lymph organ
question
tonsils
answer
made up of groups of lymphatic tissue located at the back of you nasal cavity, inside of the throat, and back of your tongue
question
respiration
answer
entire process by which the body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water, 2 parts: breathing and cellular respiration
question
respiratory system
answer
system that contains lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs
question
pharynx
answer
throat
question
larynx
answer
voice box, contains vocal chords
question
trachea
answer
a large tube, windpipe, passageway for air to travel from larynx to lungs
question
bronchi
answer
2 types in which the trachea splits
question
alveoli
answer
tiny sacs, each bronchiole branches to form thousands of these
question
Homeostasis
answer
the maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment
question
tissue
answer
group of similar cells that perform a similar function
question
organ
answer
a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
question
organ system
answer
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
question
skeletal system
answer
a body system made up of bones, cartilage and connective tissue.
question
Four functions of the skeletal system
answer
protection, storage, movement, blood cell formation
question
joint
answer
place where two or more bones meet
question
3 types of joints
answer
gliding, ball and socket, hinge
question
hinge joint
answer
allows movement in two directions
question
muscular system
answer
the body system of muscles that allow movement
question
Muscles work in .......
answer
pairs
question
Tendons
answer
connect muscle to bone
question
flexor
answer
muscle that bends a joint
question
extensor
answer
muscle that straightens a joint
question
integumentary system
answer
the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body
question
epidermis
answer
the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
question
dermis
answer
the deep vascular inner layer of the skin
question
Robert Hooke
answer
Studied cork under the microscope; named the "cell"
question
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
answer
1st person to observe living things; known as the "Father of Microbiology"
question
Matthias Schleiden
answer
Discovered all plants are made of cells
question
Theodor Schwann
answer
Discovered all animals are made of cells
question
Rudolph Virchow
answer
Discovered all cells come from other cells
question
Cell Theory
answer
1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from preexisting cells
question
Prokaryote
answer
Cell with NO nucleus
question
Eukaryote
answer
Cell with a nucleus
question
Bacteria
answer
Example of a prokaryote
question
Plant or Animal cell
answer
Example of eukaryote
question
Light microscope
answer
Beam of light passes through lens to enlarge object
question
Electron microscope
answer
Beam of electrons focused by a magnet enlarges object; thousands of times more powerful than a light microscope
question
Cell
answer
Living things that are the basic unit of life
question
Tissue
answer
A group of similar cells acting together to carry out a life process
question
Organ
answer
A group of tissues working together
question
Organ system
answer
A group of organs acting together to carry out a specific life process
question
Cell Specialization
answer
Adaption of a cell for a particular function
question
Cell Membrane
answer
Made of phospholipid bilayer
question
Function of Cell Membrane
answer
Controls what enters and exits the cell, protects and supports cell, and helps cells communicate with other cells
question
Cytoplasm
answer
Jelly-like material that contains organelles
question
Function of cytoplasm
answer
Protects and supports the cell
question
Rough ER
answer
Has ribosomes attached
question
Smooth ER
answer
No ribosomes attached
question
Function of Rough ER
answer
Site of protein production
question
Function of Smooth ER
answer
Make membrane lipids and helps in the detoxifacation of drugs
question
Mitochondria
answer
Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded; contains its own DNA
question
Function of Mitochondria
answer
Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; energy source of cell
question
Nucleus
answer
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope that has pores; contains chromatin and nucleolus
question
Nucleolus
answer
Where ribosomes are assembled
question
Function of Nucleus
answer
Directs all the cells activities; contains the cells DNA
question
Ribosomes
answer
Small, round organelles made of RNA; most numerous organelle
question
Function of Ribosomes
answer
Site of protien synthesis
question
Lysosome
answer
Small organelle filled with enzymes
question
Function of Lysosome
answer
Breaking down organelles that are no longer useful, removing "junk" so it doesn't clutter the cell; clean up crew
question
Golgi Apparatus
answer
Stack of membranes
question
Function of Golgi Apparatus
answer
Modify, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for starage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
question
Cytoskeleton
answer
Network of protein filaments called microfilaments and microtublules
question
Function of Cytoskeleton
answer
Helps cell maintain shape and helps the cell move
question
Microtubules
answer
Part of the cytoskeleton that helps with cell division and builds flagella and cilia
question
Flagella and cilia
answer
Mircrotubules that helps cells to swim through liquids
question
Vacuole
answer
Sac-like structure that takes up 90% of a plant cell
question
Function of Vacuole
answer
Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbs; helps plants support heavy structures like leaves
question
Cell Wall
answer
Found outside the cell membrane, make mostly of cellulose
question
Function of Cell Wall
answer
Provides protection and support for a plant cell
question
Chloroplast
answer
Surrounded by two membranes; contains chlorophyll; contains its own DNA
question
Function of Chloroplast
answer
Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis
question
Cell wall and Chloroplast
answer
Found only in plant cells and not animal cells
question
biome
answer
a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities
question
savanna
answer
a grassland that often has scattered trees and that is found in tropical and subtropical areas where seasonal rains, fires, and drought happen
question
desert
answer
a region that has little or no plant life, long periods without rain, and extreme temperature; usually found in hot climates
question
tundra
answer
a treeless plain found in the Arctic, in the Antarctic, or on the tops of mountains that is characterized by very low winter temperatures and short, cool summers
question
estuary
answer
an area where fresh water mixes with salt water from the ocean
question
plankton
answer
the mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in freshwater and marine environments
question
deep-water zone
answer
the zone of a lake or pond below the open-water zone, where no light reaches
question
littoral zone
answer
the shallow zone of a lake or pond where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants
question
marsh
answer
a treeless wetland ecosystem where plants such as grasses grow
question
open-water zone
answer
the zone of a pond or lake that extends from the littoral zone and that is only as deep as light can reach
question
swamp
answer
a wetland ecosystem in which shrubs and trees grow
question
wetland
answer
an area of land that is periodically under water or whose soil contains a great deal of moisture
question
deciduous
answer
Trees and shrubs that shed their leaves at the end of the growing season
question
coniferous
answer
term used to refer to trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles
question
temperate
answer
not very hot, and not very cold
question
classification
answer
the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics
question
taxonomy
answer
the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
question
dichotomous key
answer
an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions
question
Archaea
answer
in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetivs; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaebacteria
question
Bacteria
answer
in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Eubacteria
question
Eukarya
answer
in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
question
Protista
answer
a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi
question
Fungi
answer
a kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients
question
Plantae
answer
a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis
question
Animalia
answer
a kingdom made up of complex multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment
question
Eight Levels of Classification
answer
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
question
heterotrophs
answer
organisms that cannot make their own food
question
autotrophs
answer
organisms that make their own food
question
prokaryotes
answer
cells that do not contain nuclei
question
archaebacteria kingdom
answer
(ancient bacteria) 1. live in extreme environment 2. unicellular 3. Some species are heterotrophs, while some are autotrophs 4. prokaryotes, no nucleus
question
protists kingdom
answer
1. odds and ends kingdom 2. mostly unicellular/multicellular 3. eukaryotes, have nucleus 4. autotrophs and heterotrophs 5. animal like: protozoans; plant like: algae; fungus like: slime molds
question
eubacteria kingdom
answer
1. unicellular and prokaryotes 2. some are heterotrophs, others are autotrophs 3. both helpful and harmful organisms
question
fungi kingdom
answer
1. mostly multicellular, except yeast (unicellular) 2. eukaryotes (have nucleus 3. Heterotrophs 4. most live off decaying matter 5. absorbs nutrients from substances by using digestive juices to break down the substance
question
plant kingdom
answer
1. autotrophs 2. eukaryotes 3. produce oxygen 4. multicellular 5. have cells walls and chloroplast
question
animal kingdom
answer
1. multicellular 2. eukaryotes 3. heterotrophs 4. live in diverse environments 5. complex organisms 6. strange animal: ex. sponge
question
The Six Kingdoms
answer
1. Archaebacteria, 2. Eubacteria, 3. Protists, 4. Fungi, 5. Plants, and 6. Animals
question
The Eight Levels of Classification
answer
1. domain, 2. kingdom, 3. phylum, 4. class, 5. order, 6. family, 7. genus, and 8. species
question
3 Domains that are used today
answer
Archaebacteria, Bacteria, Eukaryote
