Digital Rectal Exam Flashcards, test questions and answers

Question 1

The nurse is counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with the average risk of cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be performed to screen for colorectal cancer? a. Barium enema every year b. Colonoscopy every 10 years c. Fecal occult blood every 5 years d. Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

Answer

b. Colonoscopy every 10 years
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Question 2

Mr. Hamilton is scheduled for a digital rectal exam, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, urinalysis, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). He states he has had the rectal exam and PSA levels done before the prostate screening. He asks why the other lab test (creatinine and BUN levels) are necessary. What explanation should the nurse provide?

Answer

-“If your prostate gland is blocking the flow of urine, you may have some degree of kidney damage that can be detected with these tests.”
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Question 3

techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

Answer

a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
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Question 4

The nurse is counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with average risk for cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be performed to screen for colorectal cancer? a. Barium enema every year b. Colonoscopy every 10 years c. Fecal occult blood every 5 years d. Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

Answer

b. Healthy men and women should have a colonoscopy every 10 years, an annual fecal occult blood test, or a barium enema every 5 years. These frequencies may change depending on the results. Annual PSA and digital rectal exams screen for prostate problems, although the decision to test is made by the patient with his health care provider.
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Question 5

The nurse in counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with average risk for cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be preformed to screen for colorectal cancer? a. barium enema every year b. colonoscopy every 10 years c. fecal occult blood every 5 years d. annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

Answer

b
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Question 6

The nurse is caring for pts in an outpatient clinic. Which info should the nurse teach regarding the American Cancer Society’s recommendations for early detection of colon cancer? 1. Beginning at age 60, a digital rectal exam should be done annually. 2. After pt reaches middle age, yearly fecal occult test. 3. At age 50, a colonoscopy, then once every 5-10 years. 4. A flexible sigmoidoscopy should be done yearly after age 40.

Answer

3.
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Question 7

Describe the *Digital Rectal Exam*

Answer

– Normal prostate has consistency like tip of nose – Lumps, hardness, inability to move prostate = further evaluation – Only less than half of masses are cancers
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Question 8

screenings and early detection -breast: mammography annually after 40; clinical breast exams every 3 years, age 20-40, annually after 40; breast self exam-self awareness; at risk-begin screening early -prostate: discuss benefits and risks of PSA, Digital Rectal Exam beginning at age 50; higher risk, discuss at age 45 -colorectal: average risk starts at age 50; find polyps and cancer-flexible sigmoidoscopy ever 5 yrs, double contrast BE every 5 yrs, virtual colonoscopy every 5 yrs, colonoscopy every 10 yrs; find cancer-gFOBT or FIT yearly; prep-GI clean out -cervical/endometrial: cervical: begin at 21; age 21-29 PAP every 3 yrs, age 30-65 PAP + HPV every 5 yrs or PAP every 3 yrs; stop at age 65 or w/ total hysterectomy if no abnormal results; HPV vaccine-follow guidelines for age; endometrial (uterine): at time of menopause-informed of risks and Sxs, report unexpected bleeding or spotting, high risk may need yearly endometrial biopsy if hx of cancer, continue screenings 20 yrs after cancer is removed -lung: lung screening; high risk r/t cigarette smoking, may be a candidate for screening (recommendations for screening-ACS) -cancer related check up: health counseling depending on age and gender, check thyroid, oral cavity, skin, lymph nodes, testes and ovaries; take control and reduce risk (pg. 255)

Answer

secondary prevention/early detection (ACS recommendations-blackboard)
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Question 9

–Describe the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE).

Answer

Normal prostate has consistency the same as the tip of the nose; Prostate cancer more like consistency of chin; –Lumps, hardness, inability to move the prostate –> further eval –25-50% of masses are cancer –Sensitivity 69-89%, specificity 84-98%, positive predictive value 26-35% Debatable use
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