The nurse is counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with the average risk of cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be performed to screen for colorectal cancer? a. Barium enema every year b. Colonoscopy every 10 years c. Fecal occult blood every 5 years d. Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

b. Colonoscopy every 10 years More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/lewis-chapter-15-cancer/

Mr. Hamilton is scheduled for a digital rectal exam, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, urinalysis, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). He states he has had the rectal exam and PSA levels done before the prostate screening. He asks why the other lab test (creatinine and BUN levels) are necessary. What explanation should the nurse provide?

-“If your prostate gland is blocking the flow of urine, you may have some degree of kidney damage that can be detected with these tests.” More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/hesi-case-studies-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/

techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chp-15-16/

The nurse is counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with average risk for cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be performed to screen for colorectal cancer? a. Barium enema every year b. Colonoscopy every 10 years c. Fecal occult blood every 5 years d. Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

b. Healthy men and women should have a colonoscopy every 10 years, an annual fecal occult blood test, or a barium enema every 5 years. These frequencies may change depending on the results. Annual PSA and digital rectal exams screen for prostate problems, although the decision to test is made by the patient with his health care provider. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ch-16-cancer-study-guide-qs/

The nurse in counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with average risk for cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be preformed to screen for colorectal cancer? a. barium enema every year b. colonoscopy every 10 years c. fecal occult blood every 5 years d. annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

b More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/cancer-review-questions/

The nurse is caring for pts in an outpatient clinic. Which info should the nurse teach regarding the American Cancer Society’s recommendations for early detection of colon cancer? 1. Beginning at age 60, a digital rectal exam should be done annually. 2. After pt reaches middle age, yearly fecal occult test. 3. At age 50, a colonoscopy, then once every 5-10 years. 4. A flexible sigmoidoscopy should be done yearly after age 40.

3. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/nclex-colorectal-cancer-questions/

Describe the *Digital Rectal Exam*

– Normal prostate has consistency like tip of nose – Lumps, hardness, inability to move prostate = further evaluation – Only less than half of masses are cancers More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/38-prostate-cancer/

screenings and early detection -breast: mammography annually after 40; clinical breast exams every 3 years, age 20-40, annually after 40; breast self exam-self awareness; at risk-begin screening early -prostate: discuss benefits and risks of PSA, Digital Rectal Exam beginning at age 50; higher risk, discuss at age 45 -colorectal: average risk starts at age 50; find polyps and cancer-flexible sigmoidoscopy ever 5 yrs, double contrast BE every 5 yrs, virtual colonoscopy every 5 yrs, colonoscopy every 10 yrs; find cancer-gFOBT or FIT yearly; prep-GI clean out -cervical/endometrial: cervical: begin at 21; age 21-29 PAP every 3 yrs, age 30-65 PAP + HPV every 5 yrs or PAP every 3 yrs; stop at age 65 or w/ total hysterectomy if no abnormal results; HPV vaccine-follow guidelines for age; endometrial (uterine): at time of menopause-informed of risks and Sxs, report unexpected bleeding or spotting, high risk may need yearly endometrial biopsy if hx of cancer, continue screenings 20 yrs after cancer is removed -lung: lung screening; high risk r/t cigarette smoking, may be a candidate for screening (recommendations for screening-ACS) -cancer related check up: health counseling depending on age and gender, check thyroid, oral cavity, skin, lymph nodes, testes and ovaries; take control and reduce risk (pg. 255)

secondary prevention/early detection (ACS recommendations-blackboard) More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/med-surg-ch-16-oncology/

–Describe the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE).

Normal prostate has consistency the same as the tip of the nose; Prostate cancer more like consistency of chin; –Lumps, hardness, inability to move the prostate –> further eval –25-50% of masses are cancer –Sensitivity 69-89%, specificity 84-98%, positive predictive value 26-35% Debatable use More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/6-prostate-cancer/

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What is Digital Rectal Exam?

A Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) is a diagnostic medical procedure commonly used by doctors to detect abnormalities in the rectum. During a DRE, a doctor inserts a lubricated finger into the patient’s rectum and feels for any irregularities in the shape and size of the prostate gland. The DRE can also be used to assess the tone of muscles in the pelvis, which may indicate problems with bladder control or pelvic floor muscle weakness. Additionally, it can help identify potential sources of rectal bleeding and detect early signs of prostate cancer or other conditions that affect men’s health such as prostatitis.The benefits of having a digital rectal exam are many. It provides an accurate assessment of the condition of your prostate gland and can detect changes before they become more serious. Having regular digital rectal exams can help diagnose problems with your prostate sooner rather than later when treatment is likely to be more effective. Additionally, this procedure allows your doctor to examine any potential issues between the anus and urinary tract which may otherwise go undetected during other tests such as blood tests or scans. Finally, it is non-invasive and considered safe for most individuals who are healthy enough to undergo this type of examination. Despite these benefits, some patients may find this examination uncomfortable because it involves inserting fingers into their body cavity, although discomfort usually subsides after just a few seconds once lubrication has been applied. Furthermore, no form of anesthesia is required for this procedure so there are no added risks associated with its use; however if patients feel particularly apprehensive about undergoing a DRE then they should speak openly about their concerns with their doctor prior to starting treatment so that alternative approaches can be discussed if necessary.