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A). The position of the ship shows how powerful and domineering the ice was. However, the boat is above it all, foreshadowing the victory and conquer.
B) Hurley possibly wanted to convey perspective and angle in this photograph. He didn’t just want to show us the ice, but the sheer size of it all.

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In photo #2, I think Hurley was going for the composition of the photo by offsetting the symmetry, almost making the ice seem to be swallowing the boat and the men just watching it happen.

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In photo 4, Hurley does an excellent job of capturing the light and color contrast. The miles of ice and white sky frames the men in heavy, dark clothing pulling the rescue boat to where they needed to go. They are heaving forward against the vast space and blankness.