Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells?

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells are two types of cells that constitute the basis of all life forms. Prokaryotic cells are typically simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, but both have their own unique characteristics. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea, which lack a nucleus or other specialized organelles. They do, however, possess a cell membrane, ribosomes for protein synthesis, cytoplasm where metabolic processes take place, and genetic material in the form of circular DNA molecules. Despite their simplicity compared to eukaryotes (organisms composed of multiple eukaryote cells), prokaryotes play an essential role in many ecosystems by breaking down organic matter into simpler compounds with which plants can use for energy production via photosynthesis. In addition to this vital ecological role, prokaryotes serve us through numerous beneficial applications such as bioremediation (the removal of pollutants from contaminated sites) and medical treatments including antibiotics production. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaroytes contain internal structures known as organelles enclosed within an outer membrane called the nuclear envelope. The most important organelle is the nucleus which houses our genetic material in the form of linear chromosomes contained within its double membrane structure. Besides containing our genes which determine how we look and function during our lifetime; it also contains a variety of proteins used to replicate those genes so they may be passed on to future generations though sexual reproduction or mitosis (cell division). Other organelles found in eukaroytic cells include mitochondria responsible for producing ATP required for cellular metabolism; endoplasmic reticulum involved with synthesizing new proteins; Golgi apparatus used to package newly formed molecules into vesicles that leave the cell export them elsewhere; lysosomes filled with enzymes used to break down foreign particles entering the cell such as viruses or bacteria; vacuoles mostly storing water but sometimes ions or other substances needed by the cell; peroxisomes helping metabolize fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances like alcohols; microtubules providing structural support similar to bones in animals; centrioles playing roles in spindle formation during mitosis among others too numerous list here. In conclusion Prokayrotic and Eukaroytic Cells together provide us with some amazing functions at different levels ranging from molecular level up through entire biological systems that make up complex organisms such us ourselves.