In consumer behavior, what is the name for the influences that include the “way of living” that distinguishes one large group from another and one ethnic group from another?

cultural More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/busi-ch-11-part-2/

1. The processes consumers use when making purchase decisions are called: a. consumer behavior. b. marketing. c. consumerism. d. perceptual mapping. e. database mining.

ANS: A Consumer behavior describes how consumers make purchase decisions. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/marketing-361-chapter-6/

Which of the following statements is true of cultural factors that influence consumer behavior?

Social classes show distinct product and brand preferences in areas such as clothing and travel. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/mktg-301-exam-2/

Which of the following are applications of consumer behavior? -Marketing Strategy -Regulatory Policy -Informed Individuals -A and C -All of the above

All of the above, Marketing strategy, regulatory policy, and informed individuals are all applications of consumer behavior. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-1-5-3/

how did the bull market affect consumer behavior

more people put money in stocks hoping to get rich More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/online-us-history-modual-14/

Which of the following is the LEAST important influence on consumer behavior?

technological factors More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/busi-ch-11-part-2/

how does expectations about the future change consumer behavior

it you expect the price to go up you might buy it sooner if you think it will go down, you might buy it later More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/economics-chp-4-6/

consumer behavior depends on what (5)

exposure perception attention memory learning More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/marketing-consumer-behavior/

Consumer Behavior test questions and answers | Get Access To Consumer Behavior Flashcards and exam tests

Q: Thomas wants to gain a usable understanding of consumer behavior in order to help him become a more effective marketing manager. Which application of consumer behavior does this represent?

Marketing strategy More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/mkg-310-exam-1/

Q: Which of the following is NOT true regarding consumer behavior?

The overall model of consumer behavior presented in the text is accurate in predicting consumer behavior. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/consumer-behavior-park-university/

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MKG 310 Exam 1 – Flashcards 169 terms

Robert Lollar

169 terms

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MKG 310 Exam 1 – Flashcards

question

Why is China very attractive to marketers around the world?

answer

because of its massive population, rising income, and emerging youth market

question

____ is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society.

answer

Consumer behavior

question

One primary function of Harriet's job is to study individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of her company's products and services to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Harriet works in the field of ____

answer

Consumer behavior

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding consumer behavior?

answer

The overall model of consumer behavior presented int he text is accurate in predicting consumer behavior.

question

Which of the following is a key aspect regarding consumer behavior?

answer

Organizations are applying theories and information about consumer behavior on a daily basis It is often necessary to conduct research Consumer behavior is a complex, multidimensional process Marketing Practices designed to influence consumer behavior involve ethical issues that affect the firm, the individual, and society (All of the Above)

question

Which of the following is NOT an application of consumer behavior?

answer

Human Resource Management

question

Thomas wants to gain a usable understanding of consumer behavior in order to help him become a more effective marketing manager. Which application of consumer behavior does this represent?

answer

Marketing strategy

question

______ is the application of marketing strategies and tactics to alter or create behaviors that have a positive effect on the targeted individuals or society as a whole.

answer

Social marketing

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Mia is concerned how her marketing activities will affect individual consumers as well as society at large. Mia is implementing ____.

answer

Social marketing

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Most economically developed societies are legitimately referred to as ____ societies.

answer

Consumption

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Which of the following is used by firms to influence customers?

answer

Ads Packages Store environments Sales pitches (All of the Above)

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To survive in a competitive environment, an organization must provide its target customers more ____ than is provided to them by its competition.

answer

Value

question

The difference between all the benefits derived from a total product and all the cost of acquiring those benefits is known as ___.

answer

Customer value

question

Laurie saved for six months to have enough money to buy a new designer outfit to wear to a special party. She had to travel to a larger city to purchase this outfit, but it was worth it to her because it made her feel beautiful and confident. The difference between the benefits Laurie perceived from this purchase and the cost to her to acquire these benefits describes her _____.

answer

Customer value

question

It is critical that a firm consider value from which perspective?

answer

The customer's

question

How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers?

answer

By doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does

question

Marketing strategy begins with ____.

answer

Conducting a market analysis

question

Harold is tasked with developing the marketing strategy for his family's business. What should he do first?

answer

Conduct a market analysis

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Marketing strategy is formulated in terms of the marketing mix; that is, it involves determining the product, features, price, communications, distribution, and services that will provide customers with superior value. This entire set of characteristics is often referred to as the _____.

answer

Total value

question

Disney World in Orlando, FL has several theme parks, resorts, restaurants, and stores. Each is intentionally created to offer a memorable event for visitors. For example, the Wilderness Lodge is a large resort hotel on the grounds, and everything within is made to look like log cabins and pioneer days. Even the casual restaurant has the wait staff dressed in pioneer costumers, and they put on funny little skits when they are waiting on customers. Which of the following best describes what Disney is selling?

answer

An experience

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_____ are small, convenient, open-air retailing complexes laid out to evoke the small-town shopping districts of previous generations.

answer

Lifestyle centers

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Which of the following is a component of a market analysis?

answer

Conditions

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Darren is conducting a market analysis for his business, and he has asked your advice on what he should be analyzing. Which of the following should he consider at this step of marketing strategy development?

answer

The company's own ability to meed customer needs Competitors' capabilities and strategies Consumers' needs Conditions of the market (All of the Above)

question

Jamie is developing a thorough understanding of his company's own capabilities, the capabilities of current and future competitors, the consumption process of potential customers, and the economic, physical, and technological environment in which these elements interact. Which step in the marketing strategy process is Jamie performing?

answer

Conducting a market analysis

question

Which of the following aspects is evaluated when determining a firm's ability to meet customer needs?

answer

Financial condition General managerial skills Production capabilities Technological sophistication (All of the Above)

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Which of the following is NOT evaluated when analyzing a company's own ability to meet customer needs?

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Competitors

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As part of developing a company's marketing strategy, you are tasked with analyzing the new-product capabilities, channel strength, advertising abilities, service capabilities, marketing research abilities, and market and consumer knowledge. Which aspect of your company's capabilities are you assessing?

answer

Marketing skills

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A portion of a larger market whose needs differ somewhat from the larger market is referred to as a(n) ______.

answer

Market segment

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Smaller women like to purchase fashionable clothes just as much as any women. However, most clothes are not proportioned for their smaller size and do not fit well. As a result, several manufacturers offer "petite" sizes of clothing for this group of consumers. Women who comprise this group have needs that differ somewhat from the total market and represent a ____.

answer

Market segment

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Tracking consumers' online activity and delivering specific banner ads based on that activity is known as ______.

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Behavioral targeting

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Tacoda Systems tracks consumers' online activity and delivers specific banners based on that activity. This tracking and ad delivery system has been installed on almost 3,000 web sites, and advertisers pay on a pay-for-performance basis, which means that advertisers pay Tacoda Systems only when a consumer clicks on their ad. The tracking of online activity and delivery of ads based on that activity is called ____.

answer

Behavioral targeting

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What is the fist step in market segmentation?

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Identify product-related need sets

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What is the LAST step in marketing segmentation?

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Selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve

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Which of the following is NOT a step in market segmentation?

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Set budget

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Carlos is attempting to segment the market for his company's products. Where should he begin?

answer

Identify product-related needs sets

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Which term reflects the fact that most products in developed economies satisfy more than one need?

answer

Need set

question

Barry is looking for a car that is dependable yet is stylish enough to let others know that he has achieved a respectable status in his life and career. He also wants it to be high performance automobile. Dependability, status, and performance represent Barry's ____.

answer

Need set

question

Which of the following is used to describe a group of consumers with similar need sets?

answer

Lifestyles

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Talbot's is a women's clothing store that offers classic fashions at a slightly premium price (ie wool skirt typically costs over $100). During the process of market segmentation, Talbot's identified a group of consumers who are larger than average but still want stylish clothing. Further research in this segment revealed that these women tend to be between the ages of 35 and 50, are career-oriented, have a household income over $50,000, and are married with children under the age of 18 living at home. This group is also heavy users of magazines and newspaper as well as prime-time television. Which step of market segmentation does this describe?

answer

Describing each group

question

The segment(s) within the larger market on which an organization will focus its marketing effort is referred to as the ___.

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Target market

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J&J Produce is a distributor of fresh produce. They conducted a thorough analysis of its market and identified groups of consumers that had similar product-related needs. One particular market identified wanted fresh and unique produce, such as Swiss chard, radicchio, and exotic fruits, and they were willing to pay higher prices for these choices. J&J Produce decided to focus its marketing effort on this segment of the total market. This segment is J&J's ____.

answer

Target market

question

Which of the following is used to evaluate the attractiveness of various market segments?

answer

Segment size Distribution available Fit with company image Cost to serve (All of the Above)

question

Juan has segmented the market for boats and is currently analyzing each with respect several factors, such as size, growth rate, competitor strength, fir with company image, distribution available, cost to serve, and risk before deciding which segment to target. Which step of market segmentation Juan conducting?

answer

Grouping customer with similar need sets

question

The product, price, communications, distribution, and services provided to target market is referred to as the _____.

answer

Marketing mix

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Which of the following is part of the marketing mix?

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Product Price Communications Distribution (All of the Above)

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A(n) ____ is anything a consumer acquires or might acquire to meet a perceived need.

answer

Product

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To be successful, a product must ____.

answer

meet the needs of the target market better than the competition does

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_____ include(s) advertising, the sales force, public relations, packaging, and any other signal that the firm provides about itself and its products.

answer

Marketing communications.

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Which of the following is included in marketing communications?

answer

Advertising Sales force Public relations Packaging (All of the above)

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Which of the following is NOT a critical question for developing marking communications?

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Who do we want to communicate with? What effect do we want to have? What message will achieve the desired result? what media should we use? (All of the above are critical questions)

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____ is the amount of money one must pay to obtain the right to use the product.

answer

Price

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Amy purchased a new 32" LCD high-definition television and paid $1,999 for it. this amount of money Amy had to pay to obtain this product is known as the ____.

answer

Price

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____ is everything the consumer must surrender in order to receive the benefits of owning/using the product.

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Consumer cost

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Timothy and his wife are considering the purchase of a new car. In addition to the price, they are also considering the cost of insurance, gasoline, maintenance, finance charges, and license fees. All of these factors combined represent the ____.

answer

Consumer cost

question

Which element of the marketing mix is concerned with having the product available where target customers can buy it?

answer

Distribution

question

Tony's job entails making sure his company's products get to retailers so that the target customers can buy them. Which element of the marking mix is Tony involved with?

answer

Distribution

question

Auxiliary or peripheral activities that are performed to enhance the primary product or primary service is referred to as ____.

answer

Service

question

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the firm's outcomes of the marketing strategy and consumer behavior process?

answer

Service

question

An image of the product or brand in the consumer's mind relative to competing products and brands is referred to as the product's ____.

answer

Position

question

A product's position refers to ____.

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An image of the product in the consumer's mind relative to competing products.

question

Rod is surveying consumers to gain a better understanding of his restaurants image relative to competing restaurants. rod is concerned with is restaurant's ____.

answer

Position

question

Which outcome of marketing strategy produces the revenue necessary for the firm to continue in business?

answer

Sales and profits

question

John purchases and is satisfied with his SUV because he believes that it provides greater crash safety than a sedan even though this is not technically true. John's satisfaction is based on the distinction between ___.

answer

actual need fulfillment and perceived need fulfillment

question

___ occurs when individuals or groups make consumption decisions that have negative consequence for their long-run well-being.

answer

Injurious consumption

question

Bob and his friends go out every weekend and drink until they get drunk. Then they drive home in that condition. Which type of consumption does this represent?

answer

Injurious consumption

question

Which of the following is a societal outcome of marketing strategy and consumer behavior?

answer

Social welfare

question

Which of the following is NOT a societal outcome of marketing strategy and consumer behavior?

answer

Customer satisfaction

question

Which is NOT a step in the consumer's decision process?

answer

Self-concept analysis

question

Which of the following is an internal influence on consumer behavior?

answer

Attitudes

question

Which is NOT an external influence on consumer behavior?

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Perception

question

Teresa is tring to understand her customers better. She is examining the external influences that shape her customers' self-conception and lifestyles. Which of the following is a possible external influence Teresa could examine?

answer

Culture

question

Liz Claiborne is a brand of clothing, accessories, and home products. Brand managers at this company are trying to learn which internal influences impact their customers' needs and desires most. Which of the following is a possible internal influence these managers should examine?

answer

Personality

question

What is the first step in the consumer decision process?

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Problem recognition

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the overall model of consumer behavior?

answer

It is sufficiently detailed so as to predict particular behaviors.

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The totality of an individual's thoughts and feelings about him- or herself is known as ___.

answer

Self-concept

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___ represents how one lives, including the products one buts, how one uses them, what one thinks about them, and how one feels about them.

answer

Lifestyle

question

Which type of decisions involve very little effort or thought on the part of the consumer?

answer

Low-involvement decisions

question

Karen was at the checkout at the grocery store and remembered that she was out of chewing gum that she normally likes to keep in her purse. Without much thought, she grabbed two packages of the gum she likes. What type of consumer decision does this illustrate?

answer

Love-involvement decision

question

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the working poor?

answer

They spend a larger portion of their relatively small incomes on meals away from home

question

What does the consumption of a product like Nikes mean to Andre, the working poor consumer discussed in "Consumer Insight?"

answer

They serve as a visible symbol that he is back as a successful member of society

question

What are the major challenges facing Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Tesco in the Chapter 2 opener?

answer

The superstore and hypermarket formats do not always work in Latin America and Asia

question

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy?

answer

Demographics Values Language Nonverbal Communications (All of the above)

question

Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of?

answer

Nonverbal communications

question

Which of the following statements if FALSE regarding cross-cultural marketing?

answer

There are both subtle and direct ethical issues involved in international marketing

question

Which of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands, value their symbolic aspect, and are less concerned about corporate responsibility?

answer

Global dreamers

question

Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands because they view them as a signal of higher quality?

answer

Global citizens

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___ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society.

answer

Culture

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding culture?

answer

Culture often provides detailed prescription for appropriate behavior

question

In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americans are expected to be on time to an event, and expected others to do as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior?

answer

Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

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The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called ___.

answer

Norms

question

___ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behavior in specific situations.

answer

Norms

question

Karen's father is an executive for a major international corporation and has been transferred to various countries over the years. With each move, Karen is enrolled in a new school. Even though English is spoken in the schools she attends, there are students from all over world who's parents have jobs similar to Karen's father. With each new school, Karen spends the first few weeks merely observing the other students to learn which behaviors are appropriate in specific situations because she's learned that at each school the kids behave differently. Karen is attempting to learn that body's specific ___ regarding behaviors.

answer

Norms

question

Norms are derived from ___.

answer

Cultural values

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___ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable

answer

Cultural values

question

Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study ___.

answer

Cultural values

question

Violation of cultural norms results in ___, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group.

answer

Sanctions

question

Robert is fifteen years old and has recently moved to a new town and therefor, a new high school. He was trying to get accepted by a group of kids that he wanted to be friends with. When they asked him to attend a party over the weekend, he said he'd have to ask his parents for permission. this group of students laughed at him and called him a "momma's boy" and told him he can't be one of them because they don't ask parents for permission, they just do what they want. This social disapproval of Robert's behavior is an example of a(n) ___.

answer

Santion

question

Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values?

answer

Object-oriented

question

___ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society.

answer

Other-oriented

question

Asian societies (ie Japan) value collective activity. That is, consumers look toward others for guidance in purchase decisions and do not respond favorably to promotional appeals focusing on individualism. Which category of cultural values does this represent?

answer

Other-oriented

question

___ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment.

answer

Environment-oriented.

question

Sam has learned that a country to which his company desires to expand places a high value on cleanliness and admires nature immensely. Which category of cultural values does this represent?

answer

Environment-oriented

question

___ values reflect the objectives and approaches to live that the individual members of society find desirable.

answer

Self-oriented

question

Which of the following is an example of an other-oriented value?

answer

Individual/collective

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of an other-oriented value?

answer

Tradition/change

question

Which of the following is an example of an environment-oriented value?

answer

Tradition/change

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of an environmental-oriented value?

answer

Competitive/cooperative

question

Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value?

answer

Religious/secular

question

Which of the following country tends to value individualism over collectivism?

answer

United States

question

Jake is in the market for a new car. He's looking at brands such as Mercedes, Lexus, and BMW because he feels they tell other people that he's successful in life. This is an illustration of which value?

answer

Collectivism

question

Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age?

answer

Asian

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding youth and age?

answer

Children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases.

question

What is the basis for virtually all societies?

answer

Family unit

question

Which of the following statements regarding masculine/feminine value is FALSE?

answer

Women in South Korea frequently participate more in sports and exercise than men.

question

The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values ___.

answer

Diversity

question

___ refers to the degree to which people can accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society.

answer

Power distance

question

Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance?

answer

Risk taking/security

question

Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new-product acceptance?

answer

Risk taking/security

question

___ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events.

answer

Fatalists

question

Marie has purchased a brand that she has purchased before. However, the first time she used this brand, the product fails and she was dissatisfied. Unfortunately, the second time she purchased this brand, the same thing happened. She's frustrated and wants her money back, but she doesn't feel as though she has any control over the situation. She's decided that she just needs to accept this poor quality and not expect so much from the next product she purchases. Marie can be described as a(n) ___.

answer

Fatalist

question

The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented approach to problems can be explained thought which self-oriented value dichotomy?

answer

Active/passive

question

What are two types of materialism?

answer

Instrumental and terminal

question

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of things to enable one to do something?

answer

Instrumental

question

James used his birthday money to buy a skateboard so that he can be our with his friends at the park skateboarding. Which type of materialism does this represent?

answer

Instrumental

question

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item in itself?

answer

Terminal

question

John and his wife love art and travel the world to purchase artwork that is representative of a country's culture. Which type of materialism does this represent?

answer

Terminal

question

In Germany, one concern retailers have is ensuring that cash drawers have enough money to make change when consumers make purchases. One company went so far as to use a computerized model that monitored the weight of the cast drawer and signaled a need for replenishment. This is such a concern because consumers typically use cash to make purchases, which differs from other countries, such as the US, where credit card use is much more common. which cultural value does this illustrate?

answer

Postponed gratification/immediate gratification

question

Which of the following is most closely related to verbal communications?

answer

Language

question

Which of the following is NOT a factor that creates problems in literal translations and slang expressions?

answer

Differences in the direction in which written words are read Symbolic meanings associated with words Absence of some words from various languages Difficulty of pronouncing certain words All of the above are factors that create problems in literal translations and slang expressions

question

Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications?

answer

Things Relationships Space Symbols (All of the Above)

question

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications?

answer

Values

question

Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space symbols, relationships, agreements, things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence ___.

answer

Nonverbal communications

question

___ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words.

answer

Nonverbal communication systems

question

What are the two major ways time varies between cultures?

answer

Monochronic and polychronic

question

A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its ___.

answer

Time perspective

question

Before a marketer can successfully launch a brand in a foreign, several nonverbal communication factors need to be understood. One of these factors is time, and international marketers must understand a culture's overall orientation toward time. This is known as a culture's ___.

answer

Time perspective

question

Which time perspective views time almost as a physical object believing that a person does one thing at a time?

answer

Monochronic time perspective

question

Ralph is very prompt. If he says he will be there at 10am, he will be there exactly at that time. Furthermore, he will not begin another task until he is completely done with the one he is currently working on. Which time perspective does Ralph have?

answer

Monochronic

question

A culture that tends to view time as being less discrete and less subjective to scheduling, views simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural, allows activities to occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable is adhering to a ___ time perspective.

answer

Polychronic

question

Jose is from Brazil and is currently enrolled in an MBA program at a US university. He routinely comes to class 30-60 minutes late and does not turn in assignments by the deadline. One of his professors and pulled him aside and asked him why he's always late for class and turns in his work late. Jose was surprised that his professor was bothered by this behavior as this is entirely acceptable in Brazil. In fact, it's expected. Which of the following best describes Jose's time perspective?

answer

Polychronic

question

The nearness that others can come to you in carious situations without your feeling uncomfortable is known as ___.

answer

Personal space

question

Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures?

answer

Colors Animals Numbers Music (All of the above)

question

In which country is the concept of guanxi, which involves personal relationships, an important consideration?

answer

China

question

___ represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations.

answer

Etiquette

question

Charmaine is a member of a junior miss organization that teaches young women how to behave in various social situations. She is learning manners, how to carry herself, and appropriate attire for specific situations. Charmaine is learning ___

answer

Ettiquette

question

In Japan, the exchange of meishi is the most basic of social rituals in a nation where social ritual matters very much. The act of exchanging meishi is weighted with meaning. One the social minuet is completed, the two know where they stand in relation to each other and their respective statures within the hierarchy of corporate or government bureaucracy. What is "meishi"?

answer

Exchange of business cards

question

Which of the following is enabling the growth of a global culture?

answer

Mass media Work Education Travel (All of the above)

question

What is the largest single influence on the movement toward uniformity int he global youth market?

answer

Mass media

question

Which of the following is FALSE regarding trends in the global youth market?

answer

US brands are currently the leader among global teens

question

Which country is the leading movie producer and consumer in the world?

answer

India

question

___ describe a population in terms of its size, structure and distribution.

answer

Demographics

question

Dale has to write a research paper about Poland in his International Marketing class. One aspect he must learn about the country is its size, structure, and distribution. what does this represent?

answer

Distribution

question

With respect to demographics, which of the following refers to the numbers of individuals in a society?

answer

Size

question

The population of the United States is almost 300 million people. With respect to demographics, this number represents ___.

answer

Size

question

With respects to demographics, which of the following describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation?

answer

Structure

question

___ refers to the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban, and urban location.

answer

Distribution

question

___ is based on the cost of a standard market basked of products bought in each country.

answer

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

question

Which country has the largest percentage of its citizens older than 60 years of age?

answer

Japan

question

Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as ___.

answer

Standardization

question

Which of the following is a key consideration for each geographic market that a firm is contemplating?

answer

Is the geographic area homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to culture? What needs can this product or a version of it pull in this culture? what are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? In what ways can we communicate about the product? (All of the above)

question

The WML, WMA, and WNBA have ___.

answer

None of the above

question

The percentage of US women who watch sports on TV every week is ___.

answer

50%

question

___ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable.

answer

Cultural values

question

Which of the following is true regarding changes in American cultural values?

answer

There is substantial variance in values across individuals and groups.

question

Which of the following provides an accurate description of the organic food market?

answer

foods which meed USDA standards so that they are certified organic enhance consumer trust

question

Which of the following has NOT been found to be a top motive for organic purchases?

answer

Lower cost

question

Mitch buys organic food and does not eat any food containing pesticides, herbicides, or antibiotics. He based this lifestyle decision on his belief that food grown without the use of chemicals keeps them out of our bodies directly and indirectly. On which motive did Mitch base his decision?

answer

Health and environmental factors

question

When did Americans begin to place increased emphasis on leisure, immediate gratification, and sensual gratification?

answer

After the end of WWII

question

Leigh is working on a research project for her marking class, and her assignment is to study how Americans' values with respect to consumer behavior have changed in the past 50 years. Which of the following would give her the best insight to these changes?

answer

Government documents

STUDY

Cause Related Marketing Concern For The Environment Consumer Behavior Consumer Behavior And Marketing Strategy International Marketing Magazines And Newspapers Tell Other People

Chapter 2 Consumer Behavior – Flashcards 80 terms

Kelly Fisher

80 terms

Preview

Chapter 2 Consumer Behavior – Flashcards

question

What was the challenge facing FedEx in the Chapter 2 opener? A) to influence Asian governments to allow FedEx to operate in their countries B) to increase awareness in Africa of the benefits of FedEx C) to increase awareness in Eastern Europe with a commercial that would work across this region with its differing cultures and languages D) to increase awareness in Latin America and the Caribbean with a commercial that would work across this region with its differing cultures and languages E) to influence Brazilian regulators to allow it to operate its service after normal working hours

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Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A) demographics B) values C) language D) nonverbal communications E) all of the above

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Which of the following is NOT a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A) demographics B) language C) exchange rates D) values E) nonverbal communications

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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cross-cultural marketing? A) Marketing across cultural boundaries is a difficult and challenging task. B) Most categories of American products are generally prized throughout the world. C) There are both subtle and direct ethical issues involved in international marketing. D) While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures. E) Cultures may differ in demographics, languages, nonverbal communications, and values.

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_____ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. A) Reference group B) Government C) Culture D) Authority E) Gestalt

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Sarah's job at a major manufacturer of consumer package goods is to learn as much as possible about the knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans in a given country in which her company intends to expand. Her job, then, is to understand a country's _____. A) culture B) society C) government D) way of doing things E) economic environment

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Which of the following statements is true regarding culture? A) Culture is a relatively simple concept. B) Culture is acquired. C) Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. D) The nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them. E) all of the above

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In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americas are expected to be on time to an event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior? A) Culture is a simple concept. B) Culture is something one is born with. C) Culture is unique to each individual in a society. D) Culture is time-bound. E) Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

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The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called _____. A) rules B) norms C) prescriptions D) precepts E) sanctions

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_____ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations. A) Norms B) Precepts C) Sanctions D) Prescriptions E) Values

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Karen's father is an executive for a major international corporation and has been transferred to various countries over the years. With each move, Karen is enrolled in a new school. Even though English is spoken in the schools she attends, there are students from all over the world whose parents have jobs similar to Karen's father. With each new school, Karen spends the first few weeks merely observing the other students to learn which behaviors are appropriate in specific situations because she's learned that at each school the kids behave differently. Karen is attempting to learn that student body's specific _____ regarding behavior. A) rules B) guidelines C) precepts D) norms E) prescriptions

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Norms are derived from _____. A) cultural values B) laws C) education D) international protocol E) law enforcement officials

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_____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A) Laws B) Religion C) Edicts D) Cultural values E) Sanctions

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Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study _____. A) laws B) religions C) cultural values D) sanctions E) edicts

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Violation of cultural norms results in _____, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group. A) norms B) sanctions C) proclamations D) ostracization E) sentencing

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Robert is fifteen years old and has recently moved to a new town, and therefore, a new high school. He was trying to get accepted by a group of kids that he wanted to be friends with. When they asked him to attend a party over the weekend, he said he'd have to ask his parents for permission. This group of students laughed at him and called him a "momma's boy" and told him he can't be one of them because they don't ask parents for permission, they just do what they want. This social disapproval of Robert's behavior is an example of a(n) _____. A) norm B) violation C) sanction D) precept E) edict

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Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values? A) other-oriented B) environment-oriented C) self-oriented D) object-oriented E) all of the above are broad forms of cultural values

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_____ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society. A) Other-oriented B) Environment-oriented C) Self-oriented D) Externally-oriented E) Internally-oriented

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Asian societies (i.e., Japan) value collective activity. That is, consumers look toward others for guidance in purchase decisions and do not respond favorably to promotional appeals focusing on individualism. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A) internally-oriented B) environment-oriented C) other-oriented D) self-oriented E) group-oriented

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_____ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment. A) Other-oriented B) Self-oriented C) Externally-oriented D) Internally-oriented E) Environment-oriented

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Sam has learned that a country to which his company desires to expand places a high value on cleanliness and admires nature immensely. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A) other-oriented B) self-oriented C) environment-oriented D) externally-oriented E) internally-oriented

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_____ values reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable. A) Other-oriented B) Self-oriented C) Environment-oriented D) Externally-oriented E) Internally-oriented

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Which of the following is an example of an other-oriented value? A) problem solving/fatalistic B) postponed gratification/immediate gratification C) religious/secular D) individual/collective E) risk taking/security

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Which of the following is NOT an example of an other-oriented value? A) youth/age B) extended/limited family C) tradition/change D) masculine/feminine E) diversity/uniformity

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Which of the following is an example of an environment-oriented value? A) active/passive B) tradition/change C) extended/limited family D) masculine/feminine E) material/nonmaterial

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Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment-oriented value? A) cleanliness B) tradition/change C) nature D) competitive/cooperative E) problem solving/fatalistic

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Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value? A) religious/secular B) individual/collective C) risk taking/security D) tradition/change E) diversity/uniformity

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Which of the following country tends to value individualism over collectivism? A) Mexico B) India C) United States D) Korea E) Japan

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Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age? A) American B) Australian C) British D) European E) Asian

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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding youth and age? A) Mature spokespersons would tend to be more successful in Asian cultures because they have traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age. B) Arab countries are becoming increasingly youth oriented. C) American society is youth oriented. D) Children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases. E) China's policy of limiting families to one child has produced a strong focus on the child.

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What is the basis for virtually all societies? A) family unit B) government C) schools D) religion E) workplace

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Which of the following statements regarding the masculine/feminine value is FALSE? A) Basically, we live in a masculine-oriented world. B) The roles of women are changing and expanding throughout much of the world. C) Women in Japan frequently participate in sports and exercise. D) Many Japanese women feel guilty preparing frozen vegetables in a microwave rather than preparing fresh vegetables. E) Traditional and modern segments with regard to this value exist simultaneously in many cultures, so marketers must adapt not only across but within cultures.

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The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values _____. A) uniformity B) collectivism C) power D) diversity E) cooperation

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_____ refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society. A) Cooperation B) Power distance C) Collectivism D) Individualism E) Status

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Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance? A) youth/age B) risk taking/security C) individual/collective D) masculine/feminine E) diversity/uniformity

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Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new-product acceptance? A) individual/collective B) competitive/cooperative C) tradition/change D) risk taking/security E) masculine/feminine

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_____ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events. A) Fatalists B) Individualists C) Collectivists D) Females E) Males

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Marie has purchased a brand that she has purchased before. However, the first time she used this brand, the product failed and she was dissatisfied. Unfortunately, the second time she purchased this brand, the same thing happened. She's frustrated and wants her money back, but she doesn't feel as though she has any control over this situation. She's decided that she just needs to accept this poor quality and not expect so much from the next product she purchases. Marie can be described as a(n) ______. A) individualist B) fatalist C) collectivist D) cooperativist E) other-oriented consumer

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The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented approach to problems can be explained through which self-oriented value dichotomy? A) sensual gratification/abstinence B) competitive/cooperative C) diversity/uniformity D) active/passive E) age/youth

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What are the two types of materialism? A) primary and secondary B) internal and external C) instrumental and terminal D) masculine and feminine E) individual and collective

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Which type of materialism is the acquisition of things to enable one to do something? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) means-end E) instrumental

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James used his birthday money to buy a skateboard so that he can be out with his friends at the park skateboarding. Which type of materialism does this represent? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) instrumental E) means-end

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Which type of materialism is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) instrumental E) end state

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John and his wife love art and travel the world to purchase artwork that is representative of a country's culture. Which type of materialism does this represent? A) terminal B) instrumental C) cultural D) primary E) secondary

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In Germany, one concern retailers have is ensuring that cash drawers have enough money to make change when consumers make purchases. One company went so far as to use a computerized model that monitored the weight of the cash drawer and signaled a need for replenishment. This is such a concern because consumers typically use cash to make purchases, which differs from other countries, such as the U.S., where credit card use is more common. Which cultural value does this illustrate? A) hard work/leisure B) competitive/cooperative C) material/nonmaterial D) postponed gratification/immediate gratification E) sensual gratification/abstinence

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Which of the following is most closely related to verbal communications? A) time B) space C) language D) colors E) shapes

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Which of the following is NOT a factor that creates problems in literal translations and slang expressions? A) differences in the direction in which written words are read B) symbolic meanings associated with words C) absence of some words from various languages D) difficulty of pronouncing certain words E) all of the above are factors that create problems in literal translations and slang expressions

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Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A) things B) relationships C) space D) symbols E) all of the above

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Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A) etiquette B) time C) relationships D) values E) things

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Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space, symbols, relationships, agreements, things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence _____. A) language B) demographics C) nonverbal communications D) values E) laws

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_____ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words. A) Nonverbal communication systems B) Values C) Sub-cultures D) Semiotics E) Perspectives

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What are the two major ways time varies between cultures? A) primary and secondary B) work and leisure C) family and personal D) monochronic and polychronic E) perspective and interpretation

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A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its _____. A) time perspective B) time meaning C) uses and gratifications D) time symbolism E) time relationship

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Before a marketer can successfully launch a brand in a foreign country, several nonverbal communication factors need to be understood. One of these factors is time, and international marketers must understand a culture's overall orientation toward time. This is known as a culture's _____. A) time meaning B) time interpretation C) time perspective D) time relationship E) time symbolism

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Which time perspective views time almost as a physical object believing that a person does one thing at a time? A) linear time perspective B) parallel time perspective C) sequential time perspective D) monochronic time perspective E) polychronic time perspective

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Ralph is very prompt. If he says he will be there at 10:00 a.m., he will be there exactly at that time. Furthermore, he will not begin another task until he is completely done with the one he is currently working on. Which time perspective does Ralph have? A) polychronic B) monochronic C) linear D) parallel E) priority

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A culture that tends to view time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling, views simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural, allows activities to occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable is adhering to a _____ time perspective. A) polychronic B) monochronic C) linear D) parallel E) simultaneous

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Jose is from Brazil and is currently enrolled in an MBA program at a U.S. university. He routinely comes to class 30-60 minutes late and does not turn in assignments by the deadline. One of his professors pulled him aside and asked him why he's always late for class and turns his work in late. Jose was surprised that his professor was bothered by this as this behavior is entirely acceptable in Brazil. In fact, it's expected. Which of the following best describes Jose's time perspective? A) spontaneous B) parallel C) monochronic D) polychronic E) variable

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The nearness that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable is known as _____. A) intimate space B) personal space C) sphere of influence D) range of interaction E) interaction space

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Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures? A) colors B) animals C) numbers D) music E) all of the above

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In which country is the concept of guanxi, which involves personal relationships, an important consideration? A) United States B) Canada C) China D) India E) Saudi Arabia

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_____ represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations. A) Guanxi B) Etiquette C) Demographics D) Culture E) Monochronism

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In Japan, the exchange of meishi is the most basic of social rituals in a nation where social ritual matters very much. The act of exchanging meishi is weighted with meaning. Once the social minuet is completed, the two know where they stand in relation to each other and their respective statures within the hierarchy of corporate or government bureaucracy. What is "meishi"? A) shaking hands B) exchange of business cards C) introductions by a third party D) formal invitation E) bows

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Which of the following is enabling the growth of a global culture? A) mass media B) work C) education D) travel E) all of the above

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Which age group is the closest thing to a global culture today? A) babies B) young children C) teenagers D) middle-aged adults E) senior citizens

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What is the largest single influence on the movement toward uniformity in the teenage market? A) mass media B) education C) work D) travel E) religion

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Which country is the leading movie producer and consumer in the world? A) United States B) Japan C) China D) India E) England

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_____ describe a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution. A) Economics B) Demographics C) Psychographics D) Geographics E) Lifestyles

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Dale has to write a research report about Poland in his International Marketing class. One aspect he must learn about the country is its size, structure, and distribution. What does this represent? A) psychographics B) geography C) demographics D) economics E) lifestyles

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With respect to demographics, which of the following refers to the number of individuals in a society? A) distribution B) size C) structure D) dispersion E) concentration

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The population of the United States is almost 300 million people. With respect to demographics, this number represents _____. A) size B) structure C) dispersion D) density E) concentration

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With respect to demographics, which of the following describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation? A) size B) distribution C) concentration D) structure E) composition

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_____ refers to the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban, and urban location. A) Size B) Structure C) Distribution D) Dispersion E) Concentration

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_____ is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country. A) Adjusted gross income (AGI) B) Gross domestic product (GDP) C) Per capita income (PCI) D) Purchasing power parity (PPP) E) Cross-cultural purchasing power (CPP)

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Which country has the largest percentage of its citizens older than 60 years of age? A) Philippines B) Canada C) United States D) Japan E) Saudi Arabia

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Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as _____. A) standardization B) optimization C) cross-culturalization D) marketing imperialism E) cross-fertilization

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Which of the following is a key consideration for each geographic market that a firm is contemplating? A) Is the geographic area homogenous or heterogeneous with respect to culture? B) What needs can this product or a version of it fill in this culture? C) What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? D) In what ways can we communicate about the product? E) all of the above

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STUDY

Consumer Behavior Consumer Behavior And Marketing Strategy Environmentally Friendly Products Level Of Effort Marketing Principles Of Marketing Social Media Marketing

Marketing 371 Chapter Four – Flashcards 47 terms

Sean Hill

47 terms

Preview

Marketing 371 Chapter Four – Flashcards

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Which act makes it illegal for American executives to bribe foreigners to gain business? A) Lanham Act B) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act C) Patriot Act D) Robinson-Patman Act

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Answer: B

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Rules of conduct that guide actions in the marketplace are known as ________. A) norms B) business ethics C) codes D) policies

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Answer: B

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Honesty, trustworthiness, fairness, and justice are all ________ with which people in a culture judge what is right and what is wrong. A) norms B) business ethics C) universal values D) personality characteristics

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Answer: C

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Though the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) outlaws bribery in business practices, it is still common in ________. A) Japan B) Mexico C) Germany D) all of the above

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Answer: D

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The importance people attach to worldly possessions is known as ________. A) materialism B) ethics C) values D) wealth

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Answer: A

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Which of the following values is most associated with materialists? A) honesty B) status C) loyalty D) frugality

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Answer: B

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When consumers are unhappy with a product, they may use a ________ response, which means they respond directly to the retailer for redress. A) private B) third-party C) voice D) public

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Answer: C

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When consumers are unhappy with a product, they may boycott the product and/or store and express dissatisfaction to friends. This is called a ________ response. A) private B) third-party C) voice D) public

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Answer: A

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When consumers are unhappy with a product, they may file a complaint in the form of legal action, Better Business Bureau complaint, or publishing a negative review. This is called a ________ response. A) private B) third-party C) voice D) complaint

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Answer: B

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So called "gripe sites" exist for consumers to publish ________ responses against products or stores with which they are dissatisfied. A) private B) third-party C) voice D) complaint

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Answer: B

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Which of the following is a benefit organizations receive when customers complain? A) opportunity to correct the situation B) word-of-mouth about the product C) differential advantage D) market regulation

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Answer: A

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In Japanese, the word gemba means ________. A) a possible interpretation of the truth B) the one true source of information C) the news D) falsehoods

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Answer: B

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When a company must inform consumers that its previous advertising messages were wrong or misleading, the company uses ________. A) cooperative advertising B) subliminal advertising C) corrective advertising D) direct mail

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Answer: C

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Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals established a new campaign for Yaz birth control to ensure consumers understand that Yaz does not treat PMS, a claim which had been made in early Yaz advertisements. Bayer is using ________. A) cooperative advertising B) subliminal advertising C) corrective advertising D) reminder advertising

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Answer: C

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Ralph Nader's book, Unsafe at Any Speed, was published in part to enforce the consumer's right to ________. A) safety B) complain C) choose D) redress

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Answer: A

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Participatory action research (PAR) is also known as ________. A) consumer intervention research B) transformative consumer research C) social marketing research D) consumer curation

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Answer: B

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Which term refers to marketing techniques that are used to encourage positive behaviors such as literacy or discourage negative behaviors like drunk driving? A) social media marketing B) social marketing C) public service marketing D) services marketing

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Answer: B

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Advertisements reminding people to stay focused while driving and to avoid texting while driving are examples of ________. A) social media marketing B) social marketing C) public service marketing D) services marketing

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Answer: B

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The shoe company TOMS gives a pair of shoes to a needy child for every pair that it sells. This is an example of a company which has integrated ________ into its business model. A) correction marketing B) environmental marketing C) corporate social responsibility D) ethical marketing requirements

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Answer: C

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Which stakeholder group is LEAST likely targeted by an organization's corporate social responsibility efforts? A) employees B) consumers C) environment D) government

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Answer: D

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When someone steals your personal information and uses it without your permission, you have been the victim of ________. A) identity theft B) data privacy C) real-time shopping D) bidding

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Answer: A

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According to the Federal Trade Commission, the most common consumer complaint, accounting for nearly 20% of all problems reported, is ________. A) deceptive advertising B) poor product quality C) identity theft D) lack of data privacy

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Answer: C

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Jack has received an email that asks him to help a distant relative in Kenya by sending his bank account information to transfer a small amount of funds. Jack is the victim of a(n) ________ scam. A) botnet B) phishing C) identity theft D) malware

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Answer: B

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An area in which 500 people live more than a mile from a grocery store in an urban area or more than 10 miles from a grocery store in a rural area is known as a(n) ________. A) deserted consumer market B) food desert C) truck-specific market D) unsustainable environment

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Answer: B

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The ability for a consumer to assess, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information in a variety of forms including print and non-print messages is known as ________. A) analytical literacy B) functional literacy C) media literacy D) consumer literacy

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Answer: C

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The functionally illiterate are a concern to marketers because they ________. A) depend on brand logos B) are a protected class C) tend to live in food deserts D) participate in social media

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Answer: A

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All of the following are relevant to a triple bottom-line orientation EXCEPT ________. A) financial bottom line B) growth bottom line C) social bottom line D) environmental bottom line

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Answer: B

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Jan's Tees aims to create t-shirts from natural materials that are fully reusable and recyclable so that the firm uses zero resources to manufacture the shirts. This is known as ________ thinking. A) triple bottom-line B) social C) cradle to cradle D) literate

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Answer: C

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The mindfulness with which consumers may shop and make decisions in order to make the right decisions — for themselves and for the environment — is known as ________. A) green marketing B) social marketing C) conscientious consumerism D) sustainable thinking

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Answer: C

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Seventh Generation sells a line of cleaning products which is made from environmentally-friendly ingredients. This is an example of ________. A) cause marketing B) sustainability marketing C) conscientious consumerism D) green marketing

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Answer: D

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Which of the following qualities is a requirement for products to qualify for a listing on Amazon's Vine website? A) green B) blue C) pink D) white

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Answer: A

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When companies make false claims about how environmentally friendly their products are, ________ has occurred. A) phishing B) greenwashing C) eco-lying D) deceptive advertising

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Answer: B

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Which of the following issues is related to consumer behavior? A) consumerism B) literacy C) product disposal D) all of the above are related

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Answer: D

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Why do consumers sometimes replace a product that still functions? A) desire for new features B) change in the environment C) change in person's role D) all of the above

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Answer: D

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Which of the following is the best predictor of whether people will recycle? A) education B) gender C) perceived effort required D) income

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Answer: C

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Sally believes in protecting the environment and likes the concept of recycling. However, in her area, it requires a lot of effort for her to recycle. For her to recycle, she has to sort her items and haul them herself to the recycling center in her town, requiring a high level of effort. Given this level of effort, how likely is it that Sally will recycle? A) extremely likely B) somewhat likely C) somewhat unlikely D) level of effort required cannot predict behavior

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Answer: C

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During ________, one consumer exchanges something she owns with someone else for something the other person owns. A) freegan sharing B) divestment C) disposal casting D) lateral cycling

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Answer: D

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The saying "one man's trash is another man's treasure" is the philosophy behind ________. A) recycling B) lateral cycling C) green marketing D) sharing

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Answer: B

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________ is a physiological or psychological dependency on products or services. A) Consumer terrorism B) Consumer addiction C) Consumerism D) Materialism

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Answer: B

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The term "Crackberry" is used to refer to the ________ die-hard users may feel towards the Blackberry. A) consumer addition B) material need C) lateral addiction D) sustainable cause

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Answer: A

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David habitually reaches for his cell phone, thinking that it is vibrating, even when it is not. David suffers from ________. A) cyberbullying B) consumer addiction C) phantom vibration syndrome D) attention deficit disorder

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Answer: C

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Which of the following is associated with compulsive consumption? A) anxiety B) happiness C) intelligence D) income

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Answer: A

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People who suffer from compulsive consumption are most likely referred to as ________. A) materialistic B) bankrupt C) shopaholics D) shallow

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Answer: C

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Which of the following is NOT an element common to destructive consumer behaviors? A) strong feelings of regret B) feeling like there is no choice C) feeling short-lived gratification D) feeling in charge of life

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Answer: D

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Which of the following people is an example of a consumed consumer? A) cyberbully B) prostitute C) single mother D) shopaholic

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Answer: B

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Cash losses due to shoplifting and employee theft are called ________. A) accounts receivable B) unrecoverables C) shrinkage D) fraud

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Answer: C

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When people deface products, it is an act of ________. A) counterfeiting B) anticonsumption C) addiction D) materialism

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Answer: B

STUDY

Blue Ocean Strategy Consumer Behavior Customer Lifetime Value Fast Food Restaurant Marketing Need For Power

MKT 302 Final – Flashcards 124 terms

Tyree Bender

124 terms

Preview

MKT 302 Final – Flashcards

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Individual differences have little effect on the value experienced by consumers and the reactions consumers have to consumption

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False

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The core concept of consumer behavior is value

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True

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Price is the best indicator of value.

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False

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The Just Meaningful Difference represents how much stronger one stimulus has to be relative to another so that someone can notice that the two are not the same

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False

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On his way to work, Hank passes many billboards and many ads play on the radio while he is driving, but he only uses and hears a few of them. This is an example of selective labeling

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Flase

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All things equal, a consumer is more likely to pay attention to stronger stimuli than to weaker stimuli

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True

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A researcher measuring consumers attitudes toward different brands on a scale of 1 to 10 is using qualitative research

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False

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Data generated from quantitative research are considered "researcher-dependent"

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False

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The Ritz-Carlton Hotel has a culture that embodies the importance of creating value for guests among all employees. One way this is implemented is giving the front desk employees the authority to correct a problem presented by a guest without having to have approval from a manager. Which type of orientation does this company embrace?

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market orientation

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value is derived from a product that helps a consumer solve problems and accomplish tasks

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Utilitarian

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When consumers fail to attach meaning to certain stimuli that are not personally relevant, this is known as:

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Selective perception

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Black and Decker is well known for power tools. However, if the company thinks of itself merely as a power tool company instead of a company that delivers the benefits users want, it could be taking a short-sighted focus of its business. If a technologically-advanced device is developed that could replace the need for power tools to deliver those benefits, this company could go out of business. That is, Black & Decker could suffer from:

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Marketing Myopia

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Tom goes to the grocery store to buy snacks for his tailgating party. When in the chips aisle, Tom sees a sign next to the Doritos that says "2 for 1". Tom understands that this marketing message means the Doritos are on sale, and he can buy two bags for the price of one. Tom's understanding demonstrations which step in the perception process?

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Comprehension

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A company embracing differentiated marketing will:

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serve multiple market segments each with a unique products offering

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Every Disney employee is thought of and trained to be a host or hostess with the express goal of making sure all guests fell good when they are there. Which of the following refers to the feelings visitors experience while they are there and long after they've left?

answer

Affect

question

A "slow" fast food restaurant represents which of the following?

answer

Low utilitarian value, low hedonic value

question

Consumer behavior is the set of value-seeking activities that take place as people go about addressing realized needs.

answer

True

question

Community Trust Bank is analyzing its customer data to determine if groups other than simply consumer and business customers can be identified. It is looking at the frequency of branch visits, use of ATMs, online banking activity, loan activity, and account balances for each customer. The bank has identified three groups of customers based on these factors and is considering offering different products to better meet the needs of each group. What marketing concept do these different groups of customers represent?

answer

market segmentation

question

Which of the following is an external influence on consumer value?

answer

social influences

question

Kayla is engaged in research that seeks to explain the inner meanings and motivations associated with purchasing clothing. She records and analyzes the words that consumers use to describe events and observes shoppers in stores. From that, she develops an understanding of what motivates shoppers. What types of research is Kayla performing?

answer

qualitative research

question

Hanna believes that Mac computers are better than Windows-based computers because they are not as vulnerable to computer viruses. This thinking or mental process that Hannah is engaged in represents which psychological element?

answer

cognition

question

Which of the following is an example of a fixed reinforcement schedule?

answer

Delta Sky Miles gives a free flight every 35,000 miles earned

question

All of the following are elements of the marketing mix EXCEPT:

answer

planning

question

Which of the following is NOT a discipline in which consumer behavior has roots?

answer

accounting

question

Which of the following represents the value equation?

answer

Value = what you get - what you give

question

Energizer batteries used to feature the Energizer Bunny in television commercials, often in unexpected ways to catch viewers off-gaurd. Commercials seemed to be boring commercials about a fake brand of a mundane product, when all of a sudden the Energizer Bunny would come on the screen banging a drum. After a while though, consumers had been exposed to the commercial so many times that they began to expect the bunny to march into the picture beating his drum so they tended to tun the commercial out. Consumers response to this over-exposure represents the process of:

answer

habituation

question

Which theory proposes that much of consumer behavior can be explained by the match between a consumers self-concept and the image of typical uses of a product?

answer

self-congruency theory

question

Which of the following is a way to enhance consumers attention?

answer

all of these choices

question

Harley Davidson is portrayed as a rugged, exciting brand. These dimensions make up Harley Davidson's:

answer

Brand personality

question

Which of the following is a typology that assesses consumer psychographics?

answer

VALS

question

Emotions are considered ______ because they involve both psychological processing and physical responses

answer

psychobiological

question

Which of the following is a description of the "C" component the OCEAN Personality inventory?

answer

persevering, orderly, and trustworthy

question

Utilitarian motivation is the desire to acquire products that can be used to accomplish things

answer

True

question

"Emotional labor" is performed by service workers who must overly manage their own emotional displays as part of the requirements of their job.

answer

True

question

Human motivations are oriented toward two key groups of behavior: homeostasis and self-improvement

answer

True

question

_____ refers to a change in behavior that occurs simply through associating some stimulus with another stimulus that naturally causes a reaction.

answer

Classical conditioning

question

A network of mental pathways linking knowledge within memory is called a(n):

answer

associative network

question

Coca-Cola is a(n) ________ of the soft drink product category because it is the brand within the soft drink scheme that is the single best representation of that category.

answer

exemplar

question

_____ refers to the personal relevance toward, or interested in, a particular product

answer

Involvement

question

______ is the totality of thoughts, emotions, intentions, and behaviors that a person exhibits consistently

answer

Personality

question

Which topic reflects the ideas that consumers perceive themselves in one way, and that there may be a gap between that perception and how they want to be seen by others?

answer

self-concept

question

Which of the following was NOT a heuristic that we discussed in class and was on your handout?

answer

frequency heuristic

question

Which of the following consists of product alternatives that are top of mind for consideration in decision making?

answer

evoked set

question

When consumers make a decision regarding which laptop computer to purchase, they consider things such as hard disk size, weight, screen size, and so on and the benefits received from each of these features. These attributes, features, and benefits form the consumer's ______ when comparing alternatives.

answer

evaluative criteria

question

Lance is trying to be the top salesperson in his company because he wants the increased income and the recognition he'll receive for achieving that goal. Which type of power is influencing Lance's behavior?

answer

reward power

question

Which psychologist is famous for his experiment involving three lines, which demonstrated the prevalence of conformity in humans?

answer

Asch

question

Social ties in secondary groups are very strong.

answer

False

question

Social power can be classified into three categories: natural, imagined, and earned.

answer

False

question

Shilling is the practice of compensating consumers to talk about, or promote products without disclosing that they are working for the company

answer

True

question

Meaning transference begins with culture

answer

True

question

Attribution theory proposes that consumers enter into a consumption experience with predetermined cognitive expectations of a products performance.

answer

False

question

Hans is considering three criteria when selecting a laptop computer: weight, memory, and speed. The criteria that are related to his actual choice are called:

answer

determinant criteria

question

The De Beers diamond company advises men to spend two months salary for a diamond engagement ring for their beloved because "A Diamond is Forever". Interestingly, diamond engagement rings didn't have much meaning in the US prior to 1930 or so. Therefore, diamond engagement rings derive their value from culture, which is a process called:

answer

meaning transference

question

Which type of decision rule allows consumers to select products that may perform poorly on one attribute by compensating for the poor performance by good performance on another attribute?

answer

compensatory rule

question

What is difference between consumer misbehavior and consumer problem behavior?

answer

Consumer misbehavior describes behavior deliberately harmful to another party in an exchange process, whereas consumer problem behavior refers to behaviors that are seemingly outside of a consumers control

question

The Consumer Bill of Rights includes all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

the right to fair prices

question

Meg went to a local nail salon for a pedicure, and got a nail infection on her left foot the next day. She didn't go back to the shop to complain, but she told all of her friends about it and said never to go there. One of her friends suggested she should go back there and complain and demand compensation for her medical expenses and at least get her money back for the pedicure. Meg was just disgusted and didn't even want to go back there to complain. If she ever decides to get another pedicure, she certainly won't go back to that shop. Why might the nail shop want Meg to complain about her problem as a result of their service?

answer

Meg's complaint will be a vulnerable source of information if the shop does not know customers are getting infections after their services

question

Perceptual attributes are not easily recognized

answer

False

question

Superordinate categories represent the highest level of catergorization

answer

True

question

Penny bought a dress to wear to a wedding. She did't cut the price tag out, and the day after the wedding, she took the dress back to the store where she purchased it and returned it for her money back. Penny's behavior is called:

answer

retail borrowing/deshopping

question

Tess is comparing dishwashers and has decided to select the brand that she believes is the quietest, which is the most important attributes for her. Which decision rule is Tess using?

answer

lexicographic

question

Complete the following quote form Russell (2011) that was discussed in class: "A _____ is what you are selling; a _____ is what the customer is looking for."

answer

features; benefits

question

Gwen was not satisfied with her last visit to Starbucks and she attributed the cause to the other customers that were present while she was there. Which element of attribution theory does this represent?

answer

locus

question

For the FTC to consider an ad to be deceptive, which of the following must occur?

answer

both b and c

question

In class, which discussed example of the marketing misbehavior of planned obsolescence?

answer

e-waste in Hong Kong and how planned obsolescence contributes to the problem

question

David is selling a set of knives that is very expensive for the entire set. One tactic he uses is to ask people to try the paring knife and then ask them to purchase it for $5.00. Then he asks them to try other knives until he eventually works up to asking consumers to purchase the entire set of knives. Which selling technique is David using?

answer

foot-in-door technique

question

In which of the following conditions is a consumer more likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

answer

The decision is difficult to reverse

question

Which of the following is an underlying attribute of an automobile?

answer

new car smell

question

Rocco's Seafood restaurant claims to have the "best shrimp in town". This is an example of:

answer

puffery

question

Many consumer researchers propose that consumer cognitively compares their own level of inputs and outcomes to those of another party in an exchange. Which theory are these researchers advocating?

answer

equity theory

question

Less than half of customers experiencing some dissatisfaction complain to management

answer

True

question

Switching is a possible post consumption behavior

answer

True

question

A negotiable product is one that has little of no potential to create value of any type

answer

False

question

The Consumer Bill of Rights stand as a foundation of the consumerism movemnt

answer

True

question

Disney tries to create a magical experience for guests visiting its parks and resorts. The company knows that positive emotions can become stored as part of the meaning visitors have for Disney, and the company wants consumers to come back again and again. Positive emotion that becomes stored as part of the meaning of Disney for consumers is called:

answer

schema-based affect

question

Kayli was going to have a baby and was upset when the nurse attending to her had purple hair, tattoos, and a pierced nose. She didn't seem to fit the type of person Kayli expected in this environment, which means the nurse did not match Kayli's _____ for a nurse

answer

social schema

question

Most consumers in the United States have a schema representing a wedding that has the bride coming down the aisle with her father, who gives her to the waiting groom. After the ceremony, the groom then kisses the bride. A scheme representing an event such as a wedding is called a:

answer

script

question

The looking-glass self is another term for a consumer's ideal self

answer

False

question

Lifestyles are completely determined by personality

answer

False

question

Personality is made up of all the emotions consumers experience

answer

False

question

The best way to really learn something is to repeat it over and over.

answer

False

question

The process of comprehension is influenced very little by internal factors within the consumer.

answer

False

question

A schema represents a consumer's entire associative network.

answer

False

question

Humor appeal is a ______, and endorser attractiveness is a _____.

answer

message effect; source effect

question

The speculation that teenagers around the world are more similar to each other than to people from other generations in the same culture is called:

answer

world teen culture

question

The phenomenon in which consumers choose membership in micro-cultures in an effort to stand out of define themselves from the crowd is called:

answer

divergence

question

Which of the following describes the hierarchy of effects that is most common for impulse purchases?

answer

affect-behavior belief

question

Jill is an active member of her very conservative church. However, on the weekends, she likes to ride Harley Davidson motorcycles with her friends. One day, while out on a motorcycle ride, she sees some people from church that act surprised to see her riding a motorcycle. Jill feels uncomfortable, because she is experiencing:

answer

role conflict

question

Mitch is a sales representative for Caterpillar, the world's largest manufacturer of heavy equipment. He is moving to China because of the rapid expansion in that country and the opportunity it offers Caterpillar. He is undergoing extensive training, however, because the business is conducted differently in China compared to the U.S. For Example, Mitch is learning that business relationships are backed by reciprocity, or doing each other favors. This cultural norm is known as:

answer

guanxi

question

Which term refers to specific attempts to change attitudes?

answer

persuassion

question

According to the ABC approach to attitudes, attitudes are made up of three important components. When an individual thinks, " This car gets good gas mileage." which ABC component has taken place?

answer

cognition

question

According to Gilbert's social stratification classifications, _______ are considered to be the highest social class (most education/income) and ________ are the lowest (least education/income)

answer

Capitalist class; under class

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Nine Nations of North America"?

answer

all of the above are included in the Nine Nations of North America

question

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion the term "elaboration" refers to what?

answer

the degree to which the message recipient thinks about product-related arguments and information within the ad

question

On the first day of a new semester of classes, you notice a student very nosily eating potato chips during class. The students is disrupting the lecture, and you notice many fellow students nearby giving him annoyed looks. The professor asks the student to save the chips for after class. The reaction to the fellow students and professor is an example of a(n):

answer

cultural sanction

question

The elaboration likelihood model proposes two routes to to persuasion. The _______ route is used with high message involvement and the _______ route is used with low message involvement.

answer

central route and peripheral route

question

The video clip in class about Appalachia focused mostly on the influence that this micro-culture has on:

answer

language

question

Ken is purchasing a new computer for his family. To make this purchase, he learns as much as he can about companies, and then decides which one he likes based on that information. Only then will he actually purchase a computer. According to the hierarchy of effects approach the attitudes, which hierarchy best describes Ken's actions?

answer

high involvement

question

Brand X is inexpensive, but is not very durable. Assumer that research has shown that consumers care more about low price than durability. According to the Fishbein Model, which of the following would be the best strategy for Brand X to help consumers from positive attitudes about their products?

answer

Emphasize their low price through advertising

question

According to the ABC model of attitudes, attitudes posses three important components: affect, beliefs, and cognition.

answer

False

question

According to the PBS video "People like Us" America is made up of different tribes.

answer

True

question

Jill, an American, recently moved to Germany. She is slowly learning German culture, a process which is called ethnocentrism.

answer

False

question

Reflection is a process of imitating others' behavior.

answer

False

question

Generally, Western societies (e.g. USA) tend to be more collectivist, whereas Eastern nations (e.g. Asia) tend to be more individualist.

answer

False

question

Income and age are the two most recognizable determinants of social class.

answer

False

question

The "Big 3" micro-cultures in the U.S. are Asians, African-American, and Italians.

answer

False

question

Most teens worldwide have similar political and religious ideals

answer

False

question

Conner is preparing to take the Certified Public Accounts (CPA) exam. He has spent five years in college and now wants to be accepted into this group of professional accountants. For Connor, CPA's represent which type of group?

answer

associative group

question

A dissociative group is a group:

answer

to which a consumer does not want to belong

question

Vince is really into cars and seeks out information on cars simply because he is interest in them. Which type of search does this represent?

answer

ongoing search

question

Using online technologies to facilitate WOM by having consumers spread marketing messages by forwarding emails to their friends is known as:

answer

viral marketing

question

On her weekly grocery shopping trips, Anna buys orange juice for her family. She does a medium amount of search fro information regarding prices and also looks at packaging while evaluating orange juice brands. She usually chooses Tropicana, but is open to other alternatives. Which type of decision making is Anna using for this product?

answer

limited decision making

question

All of the following are a type of risk EXCEPT:

answer

functional risk

question

Which of the following is NOT a situational influence?

answer

enduring involvement

question

Epistemic shopping activities are oriented toward a specific, intended purchase or purchases.

answer

False

question

Heuristics are used to make better, more optimal purchase decisions.

answer

False

question

Situational influences can be classified into on of two categories: utilitarian and hedonic.

answer

False

question

Physical risks is the type of risk associated with how other consumers will view the purchases.

answer

False

question

The rational decision-making perspective fits very well with the concept of utilitarian value.

answer

True

question

With limited decision making, no comparison between brands is done.

answer

False

question

______ occurs when an individual yields to the attributers and behaviors of other consumers.

answer

Conformity

question

Many consumers shop at Wal-Mart every week even though they don't really like shopping there. They don't have any real attachment to the store, it's just that they don't want to pay higher prices elsewhere. Which of the following best describes this phenomenon of repeatedly shopping at a store without a commitment or attachment to the store?

answer

brand inertia

question

The term ______ is sometimes used to refer to the physical characteristics that make up a retail environment, such as in-store displays, window signs, music, and lighting.

answer

atmospherics

question

According to research, what is the relationship between product knowledge and amount of search?

answer

people with a medium amount of product knowledge search the most

STUDY

Consumer Behavior Market Segmentation Strategies Marketing Social Media Platforms

Consumer Behavior Exam 1 – Flashcards 38 terms

Lucas Davies

38 terms

Preview

Consumer Behavior Exam 1 – Flashcards

question

A marketer who segments a population by age and gender is using ___ to categorize consumers.

answer

Demographics

question

A consumer researcher who examines consumers lifestyles and personalities is studying____.

answer

Psychographics

question

the growth of consumption communities has been most affected by what?

answer

The growth of the web

question

A marketer uses ___ to target a brand only to specific groups of consumers who are most likely to be heavy users of the marketers brand.

answer

market segmentation strategies

question

the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires is called?

answer

consumer behavior

question

A ____ is a person who identifies a need or desire, makes a purchase, and then disposes of a product.

answer

Consumer

question

According to the basic marketing concept, a firm exists to?

answer

satisfy needs

question

which of the following explains how a minority of a products users make up a majority of the sales product?

answer

the 80/20 rule

question

people who belong to the same social class have which of the following in common?

answer

income levels

question

which of the following marketing philosophies emphasizes interacting with customers on a regular basis and giving them reasons to maintain a bond with a companys brand over time?

answer

relationship marketing

question

wal mart tracks the habits of the 100 million customers who visits its store each week and responds with products and services directed toward those customers needs based on the info collected. this is an example of?

answer

database

question

for marketers, _____ is the most important marketing phenomenon of this decade.

answer

consumer generated content

question

the sociological perspective of ____ takes the view that much of consumer behavior resembles actions in play

answer

role theory

question

according to your text, which of the following countries is expected to soon be the home of seven of the worlds largest malls?

answer

china

question

if in the future you use a wearable computer that allows you to access computer networks wherever you are, you will be using a developing form of commerce called?

answer

U-commerce

question

which of the following is an example of C2C e commerce?

answer

virtual brand communities

question

rules of conduct based on universal values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness that guide actions in the marketplace are reffered to as?

answer

Business ethics

question

the term ____ refers to an environment where an individual can dictate to a company the type of products he or she wants and how they want to learn about them

answer

consumer space

question

a basic biological motive is called a ____.

answer

need

question

which of the following best characterizes social critic Vances position on the possibility of marketing manipulating consumers thoughts?

answer

marketeres have used knowledge of the social sciences to channel consumer habits, decisions, and thoughts

question

according to the ____ perspective, advertising is an important source of consumer info.

answer

economics of information

question

which of the following is the government agency that polices advertising claims about edible products and pharmaceuticals?

answer

The food and drug administration (FDA)

question

Buy nothing day and TV turnoff week are events designed to discourage rampant commercialism. these are known as?

answer

culture jamming

question

many firms choose to protect or enhance the natural environment as they go about their business actives. this practice is known as?

answer

green marketing

question

a buyer who shops to relieve tension, anxiety, depression, or boredom is described as a ____ consumer

answer

compulsive

question

people who are used or exploited, willingly or not, for commercial gain in the marketplace are referred to as ____ consumers.

answer

consumed

question

According to a recent human behavior survey by advertising agency McCann-Erickson, ____ of people say they lie regularly.

answer

91 percent

question

Shoplifting is americas fastest growing crime. What term does the retail industry use to describe inventory and cash losses from shoplifting?

answer

shrinkage

question

which of the following is an example of anti consumption behavior?

answer

intentionally spreading a computer virus

question

people who organize rallies to protest the proliferation of cigarette and alcohol advertising in their neighborhoods are an example of?

answer

anticonsumption

question

a researcher interested in the studying of how consumer preferences spread throughout a social group most likely have the focus of?

answer

sociology

question

researchers who argue that the field of consumer behavior should not be a "handmaiden to business" believe that consumer behavior research should___?

answer

focus on understanding consumption for its own sake

question

which of the following social science fields would most likely be associated with macro consumer behavior through a social focus?

answer

cultural anthropology

question

another term for the dominant consumer research paradigm of positivism is___?

answer

modernism

question

a proponent of ____ would be most likely to argue that our society emphasizes science and technology too much.

answer

interpretivism

question

a consumer researcher who believes in the paradigm of ____ believes that human reason is supreme and that there is a single, objective truth that can be discovered by science/

answer

positivism

question

the belief that meaning is not fixed but is instead constructed by each individual is part of the____ paradigm

answer

interpretivist

question

A student of postmodernism is most likely to believe that the world in which we live is composed of ___ or a mix of things.

answer

a pastiche

STUDY

Consumer Behavior Looking Glass Self Marketing Principles Of Marketing Self Fulfilling Prophecy

Consumer Behavior Chapter 5 (The Self – Flashcards 38 terms

Rebecca Mallory

38 terms

Preview

Consumer Behavior Chapter 5 (The Self – Flashcards

question

beliefs a person holds about his own attributes and how he evaluates the self on these qualities

answer

self-concept

question

positivity of a person's self-concept

answer

self-esteem

question

when person tries to evaluate their appearance by comparing it to the people depicted in these artificial images

answer

social comparison

question

Graphics awarded to a user for achievement

answer

badges

question

digital applications that integrate sophisticated GPS technology to enable users to alert friends of their exact whereabouts via their mobile phones

answer

geospatial platforms

question

person's conception of how he would like to be

answer

ideal self

question

more realistic appraisal of the qualities we do and do NOT have

answer

actual self

question

Attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen

answer

impression management

question

Self-induced shift in consciousness due to lack of stimulus

answer

fantasy

question

When individuals struggle with retaining a native culture while confronted with a new culture

answer

torn self

question

the appearance and personality a person takes on as an avatar in a computer-mediated environment like 'Second Life'

answer

virtual identities

question

The Sims Online and Webkinz are both examples of ________, part of the growing market of real-time, interactiv

answer

computer-mediated environments (CMEs)

question

Graphic representations of users of virtual worlds.

answer

avatars

question

relationships with other people play a large part in forming the self and have different social selves

answer

symbolic interactionism

question

An image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you, created by Sociologist named Cooley

answer

looking-glass self

question

a promotional strategy where consumers alter some aspects of their selves to advertise for a branded product

answer

identity marketing

question

People are motivated to complete their self- definitions (e.g., musicians) when indicators or symbols of this definition are lacking (e.g., skills) by engaging in activities that complete the symbols (e.g., training). Thus, when moral self-definition is at stake, such as when one has indulged in morally questionable activities, one should naturally be motivated to engage in activities that will restore moral integrity.

answer

symbolic self-completion theory

question

models suggest that we choose products when their attributes match some aspect of the self.

answer

self-image congruence models

question

When a word is applied correctly to all the objects that apply.

answer

extended level

question

1)Individual Level 2)Family Level 3)Community Level 4)Group Level

answer

4 levels of extended self

question

Consumers include many of their personal possessions in self-definition

answer

Individual Level

question

Part of the extended self includes a consumer's residence and the furnishings in it

answer

Family Level

question

Sense of belonging is particularly important with close ties to the __________________

answer

Community Level

question

Subgroups such as sport teams, political parties, organizations

answer

Group Level

question

Culture's expectations about how those of their gender should act, dress, or speak

answer

sex roles

question

an emphasis on self-assertion and mastery, often associated with traditional male gender roles

answer

Agentic goals

question

societies teach females to value these goals, such as affiliation and the fostering of harmonious relations

answer

communal goals

question

characteristics that are stereotypically associated with one gender or the other

answer

sex-typed traits

question

identified different roles these women play in different contexts.

answer

contemporary young mainstream female achievers (CYMFA)

question

assumption that the world is, and should be, shaped mainly by men, for men

answer

Masculinism

question

Combination of culturally determined female and male characteristics in one person.

answer

Androgyny

question

a lifestyle group inspired by vampire myths that illustrates an androgynous approach to gender identity

answer

goth subculture

question

a traditionally sex-typed item adapted to the opposite gender

answer

gender-bending products

question

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance.

answer

Body image

question

a person's feelings about his or her body

answer

Body cathexis

question

a particular model or exemplar of appearance

answer

ideal of beauty

question

the presure to be slim is continually reinforced by advertings and peers

answer

Fattism

question

An obsession with perceived flaws in appearance and average age is 15.

answer

Body dysmorphic disorder

STUDY

Consumer Behavior Consumer Behavior And Marketing Strategy Consumer Psychology Global Marketing Strategy Live Below The Poverty Line Marketing Principles Of Marketing Social Media Platforms

Generational marketing – Flashcards 24 terms

Chad Lipe

24 terms

Preview

Generational marketing – Flashcards

question

Which group has the most consumers?

answer

Millenials

question

What is the time frame of millenials?

answer

1982-2004

question

What do the majority millenials care about most?

answer

Being a good parent

question

What makes millenials unique?

answer

Technology, their music, liberal and tolerance, intelligence, clothing and fashion

question

Millenials top social media use?

answer

Check their media several times a day

question

What are four other names for millenials?

answer

Echo boomers, net generation, boomerang generation, Peter Pan generation

question

What is the time frame of matures?

answer

1925-1942

question

What is the top media habits for matures?

answer

They Read News paper and print, watch tv and listen radio

question

What are some ways to win over matures?

answer

They like to read, courtesy and customer service, understand their history, presentations should be magazine-like

question

What should you avoid with matures?

answer

Fast talking, making them feel hustled, and too much personalization

question

What works with matures?

answer

Direct mail, credible pitchman, print ads, catalogs, radio messages

question

What are Media habits about boomers?

answer

They think it's all about them, buy based on convenience and commemorating successes, half of them watch tv news and the other half still read the news paper and they frequently respond to mail

question

How to win boomers over?

answer

Capture their attention in seconds, appreciate their business, they want to leave a legacy media should be magazine like

question

What to avoid with boomers?

answer

Lengthy marketing messages

question

What works with boomers?

answer

Traditional collateral, print ads, advertorials, catalogs, radio messages, personalized mail with facts

question

What are some things that describe genX?

answer

Disaffection with governance, lack of trust in leadership, political apathy, increase in divorce, educational variance , they want a good career but also want family time

question

What did the genX witness?

answer

The start of the Internet, end of the Cold War, aids, the 90s, the start of ATMs and remote controls

question

What are GenX media habits?

answer

They are market savvy, have complex lives seeking for simplification, love "hip" fun, promises are important to them, tv news on comedy channels

question

Who are the millennials?

answer

Generation of change, abortion, poverty, divorce, and homicide peaked

question

What do we know about millennials?

answer

1/5 have 1 immigrated parent, have better educated parents, grew up in a monumental financial boom, safest generation, raised in smaller families, civic minded, collectively optimistic, long term planners

question

What do we know about millennial media?

answer

Expect technology everywhere, it's cool to be smart, have had cell phones since children, interested in where they will live and their careers

question

Millennials are high achievers with a low rate of...

answer

Violent crime, teen pregnancy, smoking, alcohol abuse

question

What are millennials influence by?

answer

Customer service, by their parents, and are masters of negotiation

question

How do you win over millennials?

answer

Go where they go- malls and movies, make websites, freebies, coupons, social media, mobile messaging

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Circular Flow Model Consumer Behavior Economics Gains From Trade Increasing Opportunity Cost Rational Decision Making

Microeconomics Vocab Test #1 – Flashcards 112 terms

Darryl Wooten

112 terms

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Microeconomics Vocab Test #1 – Flashcards

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Microeconomics

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the study of the economy at the small-scale level, examining individuals and specific markets

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aggregate

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total

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macroeconomics

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the study of the economy at the large-scale level, examining total output, the price level, and other aggregate measures of the economy

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resources

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anything used to produce a good or service, whether it is provided by nature or is manufactured

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land

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all natural resources used in production

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labor

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all physical and mental activity devoted to producing goods and services

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capital

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the tools, machinery, infrastructure, and knowledge used to produce goods and services

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entrepreneurial ability

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the talent/ability to combine land, labor, and capital to produce goods and services

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scarcity

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the inability of limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants

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allocation

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assigning a good ,service, or resource to one use instead of another

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opportunity cost

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the value of the opportunity that you gave up when you chose one activity, or opportunity, instead of another

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self-interest

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the idea that people choose to do the things that interest them

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to make a good decision

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marginal benefit > marginal cost

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marginal decision making

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making choices in increments by evaluating the marginal benefit and the marginal costs

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optimization

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people make choices to maximize their overall benefit

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marginal benefit

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the additional benefit associated with one more unit of an activity

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marginal cost

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the additional cost associated with one more unit of an activity

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decreasing marginal benefit

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the more of a good/service is consumed, the lower the marginal benefit associated with each additional unit (negative relationship)

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increasing marginal cost

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the more a good/service is produced, the higher the marginal cost associated with each additional unit (positive relationship)

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marginal cost formula

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change in total cost ------------------------------------ change in quantity

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marginal benefit formula

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change in total benefit -------------------------------------- change in quantity

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circular flow model

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describes how goods, services, resources, and money flow back and forth in an economy

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market

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any place where, or mechanism by which, buyers and sellers interact to trade goods, services, or resources

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good

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a tangible product that consumers, firms, or governments wish to purchase

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service

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an intangible product or action that consumers, firms, or governments wish to purchase

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resource

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any item, whether a gift of nature, the result of production, or the result of human effort, that is used to produce goods and services

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law of demand

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a law in economics that states that as the price of a good, service, or resource rises, the quantity demanded will fall, and vice versa, all else held constant Price Increases, Quantity Decreases

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demand schedule

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a tabular representation of the relationship between the price of a good, service, or resource and the quantity that individuals and firms are willing and able to buy, all else held constant

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demand curve

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a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good, service, or resource and the quantity that individuals and firms are willing and able to buy, all else held constant

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quantity demanded

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the quantity of a good, service, or resource that consumers, firms, and governments are willing and able to buy at a given price, all else held constant

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change in quantity demanded

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dependent on price

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income effect

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the effect that a change in the price of a good, service, or resource has on the purchasing power of income

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substitution effect

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the effect that a change in the price of one good, service, or resource has on the demand of another

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diminishing marginal utility (demand)

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the negative relationship between the quantity of a good, service, or resource and the marginal utility obtained from each additional unit consumed in a given period of time

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3 Reasons for the inverse relationship between prices and quantities demanded

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1) Income Effect 2) Substitution Effect 3) Diminishing Marginal Utility

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market demand

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the overall or total demand for a good, service, or resource. It represents the summation of individual demand curves, whether they represent individuals, communities, states, or nations

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graphical shift to the right for demand curve

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increase in demand

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graphical shift to the left for demand curve

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decrease in demand

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normal good

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a good for which there is a direct relationship between the demand for the good and income As Income Increases, Demand Increases (ex: lobster)

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inferior good

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a good for which there is an inverse relationship between the demand for the good and income As Income Increases, Demand Decreases (ex: rice)

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tastes and preference

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the perception of the desirability associated with consuming a good, service, or resource

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buyers

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market participants who seek to obtain goods, services, and resources

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expectations

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the anticipation by individuals and firms of costs and benefits that lie in the future

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substitutes

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goods, services, or resources that are viewed as replacements for one another (coke vs. pepsi)

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complements

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goods, services, or resources that are used or consumed with one another (peanut butter & jelly)

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law of supply

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as the price of a good, service, or resource rises, the quantity supplied will increase, and vice versa, all else held constant Price Increases, Quantity Increases

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diminishing marginal utility (supply)

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if at least one input of production is fixed, the marginal productivity of additional variable resources will eventually fall, all else held constant

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supply schedule

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a tabular representation of the relationship between the price of a good, service, or resource and the quantities producers are willing and able to supply

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supply curve

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a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good, service, or resource and the quantities producers are willing and able to supply

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Increases in Production

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1) purchase additional resources 2) use existing resources more intensively 3) shift resources form one good to another

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market supply

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the overall, or total, supply of a good, service, or resource

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graphical shift to the right for supply curve

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increase in supply

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graphical shift to the left for supply curve

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decrease in supply

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subsidy

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a payment made by the government that doesn't require an exchange of economic activity in return increase in subsidy, shift to the right (supply curve)

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tax

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a payment made to the government that is the result of economic activity increase in tax, shift to the left (supply curve)

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technology

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the knowledge, inventions, and innovations that can increase resource productivity

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sellers

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market participants who are willing/able to sell goods, services, or resources

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seller expectations

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the anticipated future outcomes, including prices that sellers associate with the production of a good, service, or resource

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equilibrium price

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the price at which the quantity supplied of a good, service, or resource equals the quantity demanded

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equilibrium quantity

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the quantity traded when the quantity supplied of a good, service, or resource equals its quantity demanded

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shortage

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the quantity of an output demanded is greater than the quantity of output supplied at the current market price

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surplus

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a situation in which the quantity of output supplied is greater than the quantity of output demanded at the current market price

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nonprice determinant of demand

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a characteristic of the demand for a good, service, or resource other than its own market price

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change in demand

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an increase or decrease in the quantity demanded of a good, service, or resource at every price (shift)

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nonprice determinant of supply

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a characteristic of the supply of a good, service, or resource other than its own market price

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change in supply

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an increase or decrease in the quantity supplied of a good, service, or resource at every price (shift)

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price ceiling

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a maximum legal price at which a good, service, or resource can be sold

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nonbinding price ceiling

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a maximum legal price that is set above the existing equilibrium price. Because the market equilibrium price is lower than the price veiling, the ceiling has no effect on the market and is said to be nonbinding

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binding price ceiling

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a maximum legal price that is set below the existing equilibrium price. Because the market equilibrium price is lower than the price ceiling, the ceiling restricts trade and is said to be binding

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price floor

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a mnimum legal price at which a good, service, or resource an be sold

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nonbinding price floor

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market equilibrium price > price floor

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binding price floor

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market equilibrium price < price floor

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minimum wage

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the lowest wage firms can legally pay employees in the labor market

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exercise tax

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a tax on a good or service that depends on the units sold, not on the price of the good or service

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consumer suprlus

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the difference between the maximum price consumers are willing and able to pay for a good or service and the price they actually pay

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welfare economics

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a branch of economics that focuses on measuring the welfare of market participants and how changes in the market change their well-being

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producer surplus

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the difference between the price producers receive for a good or service and the minimum price they are willing and able to accept

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economic surplus

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the sum of consumer and producer surplus

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deadweight loss

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the value of the economic surplus that is forgone when a market is not allowed to adjust to its competitive equilibrium

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productive efficiency

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producing output at the lowest possible average total cost of production; uses the fewest resources possible

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allocative efficiency

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producing the goods/services that are the most wanted by consumers in such a way that their marginal benefit = marginal cost

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imports

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goods, services, or resources produced abroad and sold domestically

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exports

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goods, services, or resources produced domestically and sold abroad

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Benefits of International Trade

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1) lower-cost alternatives 2) increased diversity of choices 3) access to resources

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quota rent

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the income earned by whoever has the right to import the good at the world price and sell it in the domestic market at the higher quota price

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autarky

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a situation in which a country is closed to any international trade

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absolute advantage

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the ability to produce more output, given similar resources, than another producer

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gains from trade

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the benefit of one good, service, or resource in terms of another

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small-country model

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a model of international trade in which the production or consumption of a good, service, or resource in the domestic country is small relative to global markets

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price takers

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firms that take or accept the market price and have no ability to influence that price

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domestic price

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the price of a good, service, or resource that prevails in the domestic market

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world price

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the price of a good, service, or resource that prevails in the world market

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welfare effects

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the effects that a change in market conditions, usually price, has on the welfare, or economic well-being, of market participants

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barrier to trade

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any policy that is designed to reduce the competitiveness of foreign producers that wish to sell their goods or services in the domestic market, there by reducing the imports of foreign goods and services

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tariff

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a tax or fee that must be paid on goods imported from other countries

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quota

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a numerical limit on the amount of a good that can be imported

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free trade

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trade between nations that is free from barriers such as regulations, tariffs, or quotas

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exchange rate

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the rate, or price, at which one currency can be exchanged for another

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foreign exchange market

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a market in which people exchange one currency for another currency

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domestic currency

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the currency or money used in the domestic country

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foreign country

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the currency or money used in foreign countries

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flexible exchange rate

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an exchange rate that changes as demand and supply for the currency change

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reduction in exchange rate

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fewer dollars to purchase each euro -> goods in euros are cheaper for people with $US -> more willing/able to buy -> increasing quantity demand of euros

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higher exchange rate

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people with euros receive more $/euro -> goods in $US are cheaper for people with euros -> more willing/able to buy -> increasing quantity supplied of euros

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appreciation

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an increase in the value, or price, of one currency relative to another

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depreciation

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a decrease in the value, or price, of one currency relative to another

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Nonprice determinants of exchange market for single shifts

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* expectations * income * tastes and preferences * barriers to trade

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nonprice determinants of exchange market for double shifts

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* interest rates * inflation rates

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fixed exchange rate

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an exchange rate that is set at a specific value and maintained over time

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foreign reserves

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government holdings of foreign currencies; generally used to settle international transactions and conduct exchange rate policy

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expansionary monetary policy

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the actions taken by a country's central bank to expand the money supply and lower interest rates with the objective of increasing real GDP and reducing unemployment ("easy money"

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contractionary monetary policy

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the actions taken by a country's central bank to contract the money supply and raise interest rates with the objective of decreasing real GDP and controlling inflation ("tight money")

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