Which of the following represents all of the different levels of research in abnormal psychology?

cellular, individual. group, and population More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-ch-2-research-methods/

Which statement is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current state of abnormal psychology in the United States?

There is no single definition of abnormality, no one theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-quiz-1/

In the field of abnormal psychology, what does DSM stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psych-ch-1/

what are workers in the field of abnormal psychology called?

clinical scientists and practitioners More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-set-1/

what can workers in the field of abnormal psychology be called?

clinical scientists, clinical practitioners More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-exam-1-2/

How is abnormal psychology used in the modern world?

to diagnose and treat various mental illnesses More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-set-1/

What are the four tasks of Abnormal Psychology?

Diagnosis, Explaining, Predicting, and Controlling abnormal behavior. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-chapters-1-3-ucf/

Which is the best description of abnormal psychology?

D. application of psychological science to the study of mental disorders More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-exam-1-retake/

In which of the paradigms of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought to be that of a teacher?

The Behavoral Model More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/abnormal-psychology-practice-quiz-ch-3-part-1/

8. In which of the paradigms of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought to be that of a teacher?

D. the behavioral model More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-2-abnormal-psych/

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Abnormal Psychology American Literature

Engl 348 Final Exam – Flashcards 104 terms

Kayden Hussain

104 terms

Preview

Engl 348 Final Exam – Flashcards

question

What is the central metaphor in Anne Bradstreet's "The Author to her Book"? Identify one of the specific comparisons she makes while she develops this sustained metaphor.

answer

book=child; children get dirty, wipe off a spot (edit)

question

Give one specific example of the way Bradstreet's poetry reveals conflicts between her Puritan faith and her material desires.

answer

distressed about losing belongings

question

How does Bradstreet use apostrophe in "Verses upon the Burning of our House"?

answer

directly addresses things she lost in the fire

question

What does Bradstreet defend and justify in the "Prologue?" Offer a specific example of one of her arguments

answer

the ability of women(specifically herself) to write

question

How does Dickinson's treatment of religion in her poetry differ from Bradstreet's?

answer

dickinson denies; bradstreet skeptical

question

In Anne Bradstreet's poem "In Memory of my Dear Grand-Child," what metaphor does Bradstreet use to explore the difference between a human and a divine perspective on death?

answer

plant metaphors.

question

What is the function of conventionality in Wheatley's poems?

answer

she doesn't want people to completely dismiss her poetry and she wants equal treatment of her poetry-so she mimics traditional structure, technique, etc.

question

Who writes one of the prefatory notes to Phillis Wheatley's book of poetry? Why is his preface necessary?

answer

John Wheatley; because people may not believe she actually wrote it

question

Describe a specific point the prefatory notes conveys about Phillis Wheatley's poetry.

answer

that she specifically wrote the poetry, and received no help

question

What do we learn about Phillis Wheatley's conception of the artist in her poem "To S.M. a young African Painter, on seeing his Works"?

answer

she appreciates that he is an afam trying to produce art

question

Wheatley wrote poetry for other purposes besides self-expression: what was one of the most central purposes?

answer

to write elegies for admired figures and to talk about politics

question

What did Horton do on the UNC Chapel Hill campus?

answer

-began delivering crops to UNC; -composed poems in his mind and recited them to students

question

How did Horton learn to read and write?

answer

self-taught; but received assistance from a few faculty and students

question

How did Horton's enslavement affect the crafting of his poems?

answer

much of his poetry attacked slavery

question

How does the phrase "push along" change over the course of "Death of an Old Carriage Horse"?

answer

First it's order from "oppressing force", then from a "cruel driver", then to a sadistic driver because "pleasure lingered" from the command, to that being the "only word" and thus consuming the horse (slave/Horton), to death becoming his next master and telling him to "push along"...so it never ends, slavery's effects are eternal?

question

Analyze the meter of George Moses Horton's poem "Death of an Old Carriage Horse." How does the meter employed by Horton add to the effect and the meaning of the poem as a whole?

answer

generally iambic throughout, except for "push along" refrain

question

What is the relationship between the animals and the slaves in George Moses Horton's "Division of an Estate"?

answer

while slaves share human emotions, they are treated like animals being sold like other pieces of farm property

question

Horton's first book was published with a particular goal in mind. What was that goal, and was it accomplished?

answer

to buy his freedom; no accomplished

question

When was Horton emancipated? Where did he travel to once he gained his freedom?

answer

end of the civil war; moved to philidelphia

question

In what ways and to what effect does George Horton employ animal imagery in his poems?

answer

horton likes to symbolize the inhumane treatment of slaves as if they were dogs or horses. he provides these animals with feelings (The Fate of an Innocent Dog) to encourage reader to feel empathy.

question

What aspects of Longfellow's poems made him so loved by the public and why?

answer

simplicity, optimism, musical verse; helped unify America in a time that needed patriotism (civil war)

question

"Paul Revere's Ride," by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, has significant differences from the actual historical ride that Paul Revere took. Explain one of those differences.

answer

paul revere did not ride alone that night; his ride was very short because he was momentarilly captured by the british

question

Both Longfellow and Whitman wrote poems around the start of the Civil War. Briefly explain what message they were trying to convey on the eve of the War.

answer

Longfellow was using the Rev War to marshall a nostalgia for the American past and encourage people to join on the Union side of the war. Whitman was trying to create a collective American identity and stop the divisiveness.

question

What is the meter of "Paul Revere's Ride" crafted to resemble?

answer

iambic meter mixed with anapests to resemble trotting and galloping of a horse

question

In "Snow-Flakes," how does Longfellow mimic the image of snow falling?

answer

the general shape of the poem, the verses staggered across the page; s alliteration to mimic silence of snow falling

question

Why is melancholy and mourning associated with beauty and poetry for Poe? He talks about this in the excerpt of "The Poetic Principle" that I shared with you.

answer

poe argues that beauty of any kind can bring a person to tears, therefore, sadness and beauty are associated with each other. "Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones"

question

Briefly describe a few elements of Poe's process for writing poetry as he explained in "The Philosophy of Composition."

answer

1. length (should be short) 2. method (methodical and analytical) 3. Unity of Effect (ending should already be figured out in order to create the mood throughout the entire piece)

question

Describe the way one of the main points in Poe's "Philosophy of Composition" is put into practice in "The Raven."

answer

"Nevermore" as the sounds of the vowels in the words have a more powerful meaning and effect than the word itself

question

What topic does Edgar Allan Poe think is the most poetical in the world? Whose lips does he think is most suited for this topic?

answer

beauty and the death of a beautiful woman; the lips of a bereaved lover

question

Briefly summarize the dramatic contrast Poe delineated in "Israfel.

answer

describing actions of a male angel; personifies nature arounf the angel, another technique not seen in his other poetic works

question

How did Poe make a living?

answer

selling his poems and writing for newspapers

question

How did Poe die?

answer

no one knows exactly how he died, but he was found almost dead on a park bench and died shortly afterward- probably alcoholism

question

who raised poe?

answer

family friends after his parents died

question

what happened to poe at UVA

answer

he dropped out due to debt troubles

question

Describe one of the vignettes in Whitman's "Song of Myself."

answer

One vignette describes a slave who has run away. Whitman takes the slave into his home and allows him to recuperate there before the slave goes on his way.

question

What appears in place of a signature in the front of the first edition (1855) of Leaves of Grass? Why is that significant?

answer

an etching of himself (head to crotch) to show masculine and sexual qualities; also showed whitman in working-man clothes as if he too were a laborer.

question

How does the 1855 "Song of Myself" relate to the political situation in the United States at the time?

answer

-idea of unity through brotherhood nd the simple grass beneath our feet was whitman's attempt at keeping peace among his readers (and the US) -uses grass as a metaphor for the "democratic self" and uses the poem to talk of the need to balance individualism and collectivism(ingredients for american democracy)

question

What are some of the signs the speaker shows of wartime stress in The Wound Dresser"?

answer

He questions the legitimacy of the war ("was one side so brave? the other was equally brave") and it's moral correctness. He is also struck by his job as a wartime medic ("I am firm with each, the pangs are sharp yet unavoidable").

question

How does Whitman try to convey the memory of war to future readers in one of his Drum Taps poems?

answer

He also uses horrible vivid imagery of death and destruction in "The Dresser" to remind his readers that war is not simply fighting and glory. Vignettes between Whitman and his injured patients occur throughout the poem (E.g. a soldier being shot "through and through", another soldier without a leg, etc).

question

Why did Whitman choose the title "Leaves of Grass" rather than, say, "Petals of a Flower?"? Why is grass an important image for his poem?

answer

simple, common, and sturdy; relefcts the idea of individualism and unity; each leaf of grass in an individual but together the grass forms an entire field. (relates to democracy-> working class forms country)

question

Explain one way Whitman formally cultivated democratic ideals in Leaves of Grass.

answer

-divides up people based on occupation; working class forms entity of country -He uses grass as a metaphor for the "democratic self," and uses the poem itself to talk of the need to balance the themes of both individualism and collectivism as the two ingredients for the American democracy.

question

What is the overall, major theme of Walt Whitman's "Calamus" poems?

answer

human sexuality, and how it's not just an individual experience between two people, but rather a foundational experience for how society is woven together.

question

Describe a way in which Whitman's ideas about democracy line up with his depiction of sexuality in any one of the "Calamus" poems.

answer

The voting members of the democracy were men. Unifying men means unifying the nation.

question

In Leaves of Grass, describe how one specific depiction of a minority group both reinforces and counters Whitman's democratic ideals.

answer

The depiction of a runaway slave that the narrator nurses to health reinforces the idea that democracy is held up by equality, and slaves are not equal, thus a problem that democracy must face and deal with.

question

Where is Whitman from?

answer

West Hills, (Town of Huntington) Long Island NY

question

What kind of education did Whitman have?

answer

dropped out after only attending for five years

question

how did whitman make a living?

answer

worked at a printing company, taught school

question

Who was one of the primary inspirations for Whitman's poetry, and how?

answer

Ralph Waldo Emerson. He wrote a letter about "Leaves of Grass," saying that Whitman showed promise. Whitman took this as a great honor and it inspired him to continue writing.

question

Describe Dickinson's portrayal of religion in one specific poem.

answer

In "A word made Flesh is seldom" dickinson is commenting on John 1:14 "The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us." With the Bible specifically stating that Word became flesh and Dickinson argues this by saying that Word made flesh is seldom, meaning that rarely does she believe anything/everything the Bible says. She uses words such as "reported," "stealth," and "debated" as part of her argument to refute the claims of the Bible. The second part of the poem she goes on to say that Poetry is her religion, in a way. That language is a beloved philosophy that is guiding her.

question

In "This World Is Not Conclusion," who does Emily Dickinson seem to be imitating and why?

answer

Great Awakening preachers

question

How does Dickinson's use of the dash (rather than periods, commas, exclamation points, etc) contribute to her poems' meanings and interpretations?

answer

dashes convey continuity and can be ambiguous and provide different possible readings

question

In what way does Emily Dickinson convey a sense of immobility for women living in the nineteenth century in her poem "I tie my hat I crease my shawl" (522)?

answer

She writes that although women do not want to do this "Women's Work" they do it anyways because that is what women must do.

question

Why might Dickinson use enjambment in "I tie my hat"?

answer

creates a feeling of monotony. It creates the feel of a list - the list of things she has to do that day, and every day

question

What was Dickinson's primary means of cultivating and sustaining friendships?

answer

letter writing

question

Emily Dickinson believes poetry is secret and private. Describe one poem in which she conveys this impression.

answer

A Spider sewed at Night Without a Light Upon an Arc of White ^representing her writing her poetry at night in secret (private)

question

What is Dickinson describing in 'I like to see it lap the miles' (383) and what makes the answer difficult to figure out?

answer

train. clues that may lead some to believe the answer is a horse.

question

Describe one of Dickinson's riddle poems.

answer

I like to see it lap the miles. = train.

question

Describe how Dickinson portrays fame in one of her poems.

answer

"Fame is a bee" is one of Dickinson's shortest poems (only 4 lines) and it ends with the idea that bee's have "wing", conveying the idea that fame is fleeting and short-lived, just like the life of a bee.

question

where did dickinson live?

answer

amherst, massachusetts

question

how could dickinson afford to spend her life writing poems

answer

her family was a wealthy new england church family

question

how did dickinson's poems come to be published?

answer

she had a few willingly published, a few were published without her consent, and the rest were published by her sister-in-law after her death

question

Name three fundamental images used as building blocks in Black Riders.

answer

1. God (man being punished by God) 2. Violence (Punishment, the eating of a heart, war) 3. Nature (although this is usually personified or changed in some way - Three Little Birds, the marching/chanting mountains, the woods love runs through, etc). 4. Love could also be listed as a fundamental image 5. Devils

question

Give an example of a cliché in one of Crane's poems and explain how he uses that cliché to create a strange impression.

answer

"Eat your heart out" and "Heart in my hands" expressed when Crane comes across the creature in the desert

question

What is the significance of the word "love" in Black Riders?

answer

Love is both personified and felt as an emotion in Black Riders. It is the one pure thing within the poem and it becomes injured and is left alone and broken, leading us to believe that Crane felt that love was too fragile for this world. Love cannot exist alongside reality

question

Why might Crane have refrained from titling his poems in "Black Riders?"

answer

interpretive freedom

question

Crane didn't call his poems "poems." What did he call them, and why?

answer

lines. free verse

question

In Poem III, the speaker comes across a creature in the desert eating its own heart. How does the creature respond when Crane asks, "Is it good, friend?"

answer

It says "It is bitter- bitter/ But I like it/ Because it is bitter/ and because it is my heart."

question

List one important recurring theme or image in Crane's Black Riders and explain its significance. Devils, god, nature. *And other important images

answer

personification of objects/animals/creatures; ocean talks to narrator and tells the actual story within the poem of the woman crying over her dead husband

question

Identify one notable aspect of Crane's childhood.

answer

14th born child

question

crane education?

answer

dropped out of syracuse U to become a journalist

question

age crane died

answer

question

crane primary love interest

answer

Cora taylor-common-law wife. (reporter and brothel owner)

question

Who calls the speaker "comrade" and "brother" in one of Crane's poems, and why is this unexpected?

answer

Devils that the narrator sees down below him call up to him saying "comrade" and "brother." This is unexpected because the narrator is viewing this scene from above, implying superiority, but the devils see him as one of their own.

question

What barriers to communication does the speaker erect in "The Mending Wall?"

answer

The wall itself - "good fences make good neighbours." There's also the discrepancy of him supposedly growing apple trees while his neighbour grows pines. They work together to build the wall, though they slowly cease communication in general as they work on it more and more. The speaker makes presumptions about the kind of person he is arguing with.

question

What are the two repeated phrases in "The Mending Wall?

answer

"Good fences make good neighbors" "something there is that doesn't love a wall"

question

How do these two phrases in "Mending Wall" relate to one another?

answer

They stand in contrast to each other; there's his neighbors belief in the idiom of good fences making good neighbors as opposed to his repeated phrase, asserting that there is something inside a man that doesn't love a wall. The two opposing viewpoints are shown through he and his neighbor, though they are constructing the wall together, eventually come to accept what they're doing and continue building the wall in eventual silence

question

What sort of persona does Frost project in the poems in A Boy's Will? How does that persona differ from the author?

answer

portrays a farmer but was actually a failed farmer

question

How does Frost load everyday objects like the wall in "Mending Wall" with deep meaning?

answer

The wall in Mending Wall comes to symbolize a disintegration of communication more so than simply a barrier to it as the two parties simply cease speaking to each other in the construction of the wall based around the philosophy of "good fences making good neighbors"

question

What does Frost say about "trivial metaphors,"? How does he use one such metaphor in a poem?

answer

argues that poetry begins with trivial metaphors and allows us to go on to profound thought

question

What causes the difficulty or impossibility of communication in "Home Burial' and how does Frost convey this?

answer

1. their house has become a prison where neither party is comfortable with the other one (leading to difficulty in communication) 2. they're never on the same level as each other, shown in their physical placements within the house and the fact that their fundamentally different handlings of grief apparently place them at odds (ie the husband doesn't want to talk about it whereas the wife does)

question

In "The Fear", what is the wife so afraid of?

answer

a stranger hidden by the shadows

question

What appears out of the darkness in "The Fear"?

answer

a man and his son

question

What happens at the end of "Home Burial"? How does the poem conclude?

answer

couple still at odds; though the husband seeming to believe that now that the wife has "vented" her feelings, now she's all better. However, presumably she continues walking out the door

question

What problems did the wife and husband have in "Home Burial" even before their child died? How is that indicated in the poem?

answer

husband doesn't know how to have a conversation. sexual tension.

question

In addition to his sparing use of "he said" "she said" in "Home Burial," how else does Robert Frost convey characterization in this dialogue poem?

answer

each person has their own specific diction. tone is reflective of who is speaking

question

How does Frost's use of meter in Into My Own reinforce or enhance the meaning of the poem?

answer

Sonnet form in iambic pentameter with small variations, giving certain words like "one" more stress than usual, allowing us to see that this is Frost's wish, not anyone else's. Trochees and spondees used throughout the poem. Spondee = "Dark Trees"

question

Explain what "sound of sense" means.

answer

"The best place to get the abstract sound of sense is from voices behind a door that cuts off the words" What Frost means by this is that although you cannot hear exactly what the people are conversing about, you can tell the tone they are using and the mood that they are in by the sound of their voices, even when separated from the meaning of their words.

question

Describe how the "sound of sense" works in one of Frost's poems from North of Boston.

answer

In "Home Burial" we aren't with the people in the poem listening to them argue but we somehow know that they are arguing and know how to read the poem because of that. This is the "sound of sense" because we know this from listening to people speak and understanding language.

question

How did Frost make a living?

answer

He was a failed farmer for a short period of time before becoming a teacher.

question

When did Frost become a poet?

answer

A Boy's Will (his first book of poetry) was published in 1913

question

How are "The Tuft of Flowers" and "Mowing" linked?

answer

connection to a mower is made in tuft of flowers

question

Why does Hughes choose to reinterpret blues music through poetry? What and how does this style of music add to his body of work?

answer

Hughes reinterprets blues in his poetry because that is another major cultural art form on the rise during the time that he is writing a lot of his poetry. This style of music influences the form of his poems as well as the mood and subject matter of many of the poems. It allows for highly rhythmical free verse experimentation.

question

How does the form of Langston Hughes' poem "Mulatto" is differ from Claude Mckay's poem of the same name?

answer

McKay uses sonnet form; This is contradictory to the original purpose of sonnets in which the speaker places the subject on pedestal, romanticizing and praising him/her. Instead, Mckay uses the form to speak negatively of his father and to show hatred. Langston Hughes is more modern in form, allowing for his freedom of expression, emphasizing the speaker's anger through the use of short lines to show raw emotion.

question

Discuss the influence of jazz and blues in one of Hughes' poems specifically.

answer

trumpet player; song form

question

What 1920s movement was Langston Hughes a part of? What did his works do for the movement?

answer

harlem renaissance;

question

In "I, Too" by Langston Hughes, what or who is the poem a direct commentary on? How does Hughes both pay tribute to and critique this entity?

answer

Critique of Walt Whitman, admires his attempt but adds to it. Hughes directly comments on the standards set/the dreams expressed by Walt Whitman and how America has not lived up to these standards.

question

What university did Hughes drop out of, and why? What university did he graduate from?

answer

dropped out of Columbia (bc of prejudice); graduated from Lincoln unniversity in PA

question

Name the term that classifies Elizabeth Bishop's "Poem" as a verbal description of a nonverbal object.

answer

Ekphrasis

question

Explain the "prose-like" quality of Bishop's poetry.

answer

minimalistic and utilitarian making it sometimes seen like it isnt even poetry

question

What does Bishop compare to a dollar bill in "Poem"?

answer

the painting she is describing; size comparison and color comparison

question

Identify one of the main recurring images in "The Waiting Room." Describe the recurrence of that image.

answer

inside vs outside bodies (breasts) dark vs light

question

How does one recurring image relate to the theme of the poem in Bishop's "The Waiting Room"?

answer

Bishop is playing with ideas about what really makes us different from other human beings-- what distinguishes us from them. She is seeing simply bodies, over and over again. A series of recurring human beings that are really all composed of the same fibers and flesh and molecules, just like this recurring image is the same and indistinguishable.

question

How does Elizabeth Bishop explore identity in 'In the Waiting Room?

answer

As Bishop sits in the waiting room, she begins to notice things that she shares with everyone. She looks at the woman's breasts in National Geographic and thinks they are horrible and terrifying, a testament to her own fears about growing up and growing breasts. She knows they both have breasts and these breasts aren't truly any different but Bishop wants to believe hers will be. Furthermore, Bishop hears her aunt screaming "inside" with a voice that comes from "inside," and Bishop begins to mix her and her aunt's voice. Here, Bishop attempts to convince herself that her and her aunt are two very different people.

question

To what end does Bishop use parentheses, in "One Art" or "The Waiting Room,"? Explain where the parentheses appears and how it contributes to the poem.

answer

Bishop uses parentheses in "The Waiting Room" when saying, "and while I waited I read / the National Geographic/ (I could read)..." This phrase is characteristic of a young child in early elementary school that is very proud of what she has learned.

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Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology

Chapter 3:Writing Effective Reports – Flashcards 5 terms

Patrick Marsh

5 terms

Preview

Chapter 3:Writing Effective Reports – Flashcards

question

What is the most important step in writing a report?

answer

• Well structured, Organization and planning • Followed by content and form

question

In a police report, a majority of statements should be what?

answer

• The basic purpose of the reports are to collect facts.

question

Does a well-written police report have any effect on a guilty plea?

answer

yes

question

Do reporters ever get to read police reports?

answer

yes

question

What kind of reports require an explanation of what the "probable cause" was?

answer

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Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Chronic Medical Conditions Introductory Psychology Psychology Social Anxiety Disorder

Dsm, Types of Schizophrenia, Depressive and Bipolar Disorders – Flashcards 79 terms

Jonathan Walsh

79 terms

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Dsm, Types of Schizophrenia, Depressive and Bipolar Disorders – Flashcards

question

For the past four weeks, Nan has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. Nan is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

answer

major depressive

question

Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder cycle between periods of depression and periods of:

answer

mania.

question

Anxiety disorders are:

answer

twice as common among women as among men.

question

Major depressive disorder is a set of distressing, disabling cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Major depressive disorder is a _____ disorder.

answer

psychological

question

Individuals suffering from _____, a disorder seen in _____, believe their souls have left their bodies. The disorder usually develops after a frightening situation.

answer

susto; Latin America

question

Compared to chronic medical conditions, psychological disorders are _____ impairing and are _____ often treated.

answer

more; less

question

The rates of major depressive disorder may be up to 3 times _____ for women than for men beginning in _____.

answer

higher; adolescence

question

An individual with a fear of public speaking, going to parties, or eating out MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder.

answer

Social anxiety

question

An excess of the neurotransmitter _____ has long been associated with schizophrenia.

answer

dopamine

question

The textbook suggests that the language often used to discuss psychological disorders BEST reflects the _____ perspective.

answer

medical

question

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. The extent to which a behavior interferes with a person's daily life and relationships is referred to as its:

answer

dysfunction

question

In any given year, the most common type of psychological disorder is:

answer

anxiety disorders.

question

People who suffer from _____ disorder are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. Which "D" is correctly matched with its definition?

answer

dysfunction - the extent to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships

question

Which psychological disorder is NOT universal?

answer

koro

question

Which choice BEST expresses historical trends in psychologists' views of schizophrenia's etiology?

answer

Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to environmental factors. They now believe that genetic factors play a critical role in the disorder's etiology.

question

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of:

answer

specific phobia.

question

Major depressive disorder is diagnosed when at least _____ symptoms of depression are evident.

answer

question

Disorganized speech is to decreased speech as _____ is to _____.

answer

positive symptom; negative symptom

question

The brain abnormalities seen in schizophrenia are thought to be related to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. In other words, brain abnormalities may underlie some of the _____ symptoms of the disorder.

answer

positive

question

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a(n):

answer

exaggerated sense of self-importance.

question

Although Zebulon realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them, causing him to take an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Zebulon appears to suffer from:

answer

specific phobia.

question

Walter has an intense fear of public speaking. Because he can engage only in one-on-one interactions, he has been passed over for promotions. Walter's case illustrates _____ disorder.

answer

Social anxiety

question

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior BEST illustrates:

answer

antisocial personality disorder.

question

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. As a result, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she may have _____ personality disorder.

answer

avoidant

question

People with _____ disorders display rigid, unusual behavior patterns that impair functioning.

answer

personality

question

Which piece of evidence does NOT directly support a sociocultural perspective on the etiology of psychological abnormality?

answer

Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with bipolar disorder.

question

The case of the Genain quadruplets _____ the importance of _____ factors in schizophrenia's etiology.

answer

affirms; genetic

question

According to the textbook, normal and abnormal behavior are BEST viewed as:

answer

ends of a continuum.

question

Bipolar I disorder is to bipolar II disorder as _____ is to _____.

answer

mania; hypomania

question

With respect to schizophrenia, diathesis is to stress as _____ is to _____.

answer

nature; nurture

question

The brain areas involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder also contribute to:

answer

movement.

question

Mr. James incorrectly believes that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from a(n):

answer

delusion.

question

Some people in Japan and Korea suffer from taijin kyofu, a variant of _____ anxiety disorder in which people fear _____.

answer

social; causing distress to others

question

The police brought Gabriella to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Gabriella was also spending large amounts of money and was agitated and reckless during the past 5 days. In the emergency room, Gabriella would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Gabriella is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

answer

bipolar

question

Pam is experiencing a major depressive episode. She is upset that she doesn't feel "like herself," and it bothers her that she has too little energy to participate fully in her family and work life. Pam's discomfort is an example of the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.

answer

distress

question

Lanie is very dramatic and impulsive. She displays shallow, attention-getting emotions and will do whatever she can to get people to praise her. Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of ______ personality disorder.

answer

histrionic

question

Fabiana is dramatic and emotionally volatile. She rapidly forms intense relationships that then blow up or fall apart quickly. Although she tends to distrust others, she also needs their attention. Fabiana might be diagnosed with _______ personality disorder.

answer

borderline

question

Dr. Fritsch and Dr. Gupta are debating why depression is more prevalent among women than among men. "Women have fewer economic opportunities than do men, and they experience role conflicts more often," notes Dr. Fritsch. Dr. Gupta remarks that women experience fluctuations in estrogen levels, whereas men do not. Dr. Fritsch appears to take a _____ approach to depressive disorders, whereas Dr. Gupta seems to favor a _____ approach.

answer

sociocultural; medical

question

Kristi has been detached from her friends and classmates. She displays such emotionless disengagement that she might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

answer

schizoid

question

_____ disorders are defined by an enduring, inflexible pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the expectations of an individual's culture.

answer

Personality

question

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

Which choice BEST expresses how many states offer some form of the insanity legal defense?

answer

Almost all of them do.

question

A person with antisocial personality disorders show reduced tissue volume in the brain's:

answer

prefrontal cortex.

question

One positive symptom of schizophrenia is:

answer

hallucinations.

question

Evidence suggests that persons with depressive disorders may have _____ levels of the hormone _____.

answer

high; cortisol

question

The two personality disorders that have received the MOST research attention are _____ personality disorder and _____ personality disorder.

answer

antisocial; borderline

question

Which term is correctly matched with its description?

answer

dissociation - An individual experiences a disturbance in the integration of the psychological functions involved in memory, consciousness, perception, or identity.

question

Dex is troubled by his own methamphetamine use; moreover, he has been written up twice lately for missing shifts at work. Dex's case illustrates the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.

answer

distress and dysfunction

question

_____ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

answer

Bipolar disorder

question

Feeling worthless, difficulty concentrating, and changes in appetite are symptoms of:

answer

major depression disorder.

question

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the diathesis-stress model of psychological disorders and the biopsychosocial perspective?

answer

The diathesis-stress model reflects the biopsychosocial perspective.

question

Paulette cannot recall long stretches of her difficult childhood; Paulette's case is an example of dissociative:

answer

amnesia.

question

The textbook describes a study in which researchers tracked 144 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder for more than 40 years. Recall the research designs used in developmental psychology. Skoog and Skoog's study exemplifies _____ research.

answer

longitudinal

question

A true "drama queen" may well have ______ personality disorder.

answer

histrionic

question

Schizophrenia is associated with a(n):

answer

decrease in total brain volume.

question

Rhonda is constantly worried about many aspects of her life. She is having trouble sleeping and is experiencing muscle tension. Rhonda is showing signs of:

answer

generalized anxiety disorder.

question

Nick has felt depressed most of the time for the past two years. On this basis, he may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

answer

persistent depressive

question

Drugs that block dopamine reduce the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations. These drugs therefore lessen the _____ symptoms of the disorder.

answer

positive

question

Chase stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train. On the train, a woman accidentally stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on her and laughed. Chase would be considered to have a(n) _______ personality disorder.

answer

antisocial

question

Lenora is always tense and uneasy. She is plagued by insomnia and muscle tension. Lenora is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

answer

generalized anxiety

question

How might the results of David Rosenhan's study inform an evaluation of the DSM-5's system of classifying psychological disorders?

answer

The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived.

question

Hoang lives in Vietnam. He is terrified that his penis will disappear into his abdomen. Hoang appears to suffer from a disorder called:

answer

koro.

question

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Most days he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. Victor's absence of appropriate behavior exemplifies the _____ typical of schizophrenia.

answer

negative symptoms

question

Dr. Herbert suggests that dissociative symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety created by unacceptable unconscious urges. Dr. Herbert reflects psychology's _____ perspective.

answer

psychodynamic

question

Stacy has to be the life of the party. She wears revealing clothing, even around her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when she asked a friend's boyfriend out. On any given weekend, Stacy can be seen at a club dancing on a table. Stacy may be considered to have _____ personality disorder.

answer

histrionic

question

A(n) _____ is a false belief that often accompanies schizophrenia.

answer

delusion

question

Which mood disorder is NOT correctly matched with an example?

answer

hypomania - For the past couple of years, Robbie has felt "down" most of the time.

question

Dr. Chapman believes that major depression is best treated through the prescription of drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Dr. Chapman appears to endorse the _____ model of the etiology of psychological disorders.

answer

medical

question

The term "multiple personality disorder" is sometimes used to describe:

answer

dissociative identity disorder.

question

Boris is a prolific painter. He is prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of great creativity. It is likely that Boris is suffering from _____ disorder.

answer

bipolar

question

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is sometimes diagnosed alongside substance use disorder in the same individual. This is an example of:

answer

comorbidity.

question

In major depressive disorder, symptoms must be present for at least _____ consecutive weeks.

answer

question

The anxiety disorders identified in the DSM-5 do NOT include:

answer

bipolar disorder.

question

______ disorders are characterized by extreme apprehension and debilitating fears.

answer

Anxiety

question

A manipulative, callous individual with no apparent conscience might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

answer

antisocial

question

Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to provide:

answer

descriptions of disorders.

question

Abnormal activity in the orbital frontal cortex is implicated in:

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

STUDY

A Level History Abnormal Psychology American Civil Liberties Union Candidate Centered Politics House Ways And Means Committee Psychology War Powers Resolution Of 1973

Psy 301 (online) – Flashcards 28 terms

Jonathan Walsh

28 terms

Preview

Psy 301 (online) – Flashcards

question

In the Psychology Deparment, we have 24 full-time tenure track faculty members and over 39 part-time lectures.

answer

True

question

The Psychology Department has over 1200 declared psychology majors.

answer

True

question

To apply to the Psychology major you need:

answer

PSY 100, 210, and 220 with a grade of C or better and an overall GPA of 2.5

question

1. College of Liberal Arts Advising Center - ATLAS in Ph1 room 104 2. Psychology Resource Office (PRO) in room PSY 206 3. The University Center for Undergradaute Advising (UCUA) in the Horn Center room 103 4. Department Faculty Undergradute Advisor (Dr. Jennings for Psychology) (NOT CORRECT)

answer

__3__ Workshops and help for students on (or in danger of becoming on) Probation and Disqualified student help. Academic advising for undeclared students and other colleges (not College of Liberal Arts majors). __2__ Department specific items, for Psychology: Help with Psychology courses not counting, psychology course equivalents, getting psychology credits for studying abroad, helping transfers from 4 year schools, and timely graduation policy help. __4__ General Psychology related questions, course info, psychology course syllabi, grad school info, jobs, internships, and 301 help. __1__ Academic Advising for Psychology Major, College of Liberal Art's majors & minors, GE, capstones, units, GPAs, class planning, double counting, and CSULB graduation requirements.

question

You can drop by the Psychology Resource Office (PRO) in room PSY 206 for

answer

Questions about majoring or minoring in Psychology and applications to declare the major or minor Graduate School in Psychology resources Help finding a job with a BA in Psychology resources PSY 301 help Tutoring for psychology courses Course syllabi from Psychology courses

question

If you were looking for opportunities for Research experience where could you look?

answer

on BeachBoard in the Psychology Resource Office (room 206), a binder in the Graduate Resource Room (GRR) called "Research Opportunities

question

Students can apply for the Psychology major anytime by stopping by PRO - the Psychology Resource Office in room PSY 206. The suggested deadline for the major application is to guarantee that you will be in the major before the next semester's registration starts.

answer

True

question

To graduate from CSULB you need: (check all that apply)

answer

at least 120 total units 3 upper division Capstone courses at least a 2.0 in all four GPAs (overall, CSULB, major and upper division major GPA) to complete all major requirements to complete all lower division GE courses or have your GE certification

question

Minors usually require at least ____ units.

answer

question

30 units out of your 120 total units needed must be taken in Residency, this means:

answer

at least 30 out of your 120 units must be taken at CSULB

question

You must pass the Writing Proficiency Exam (WPE) or take a writing course at CSULB before graduating to meet the GWAR writing requirement.

answer

True

question

You must file a request to graduate (found online at the enrollment services website) at least:

answer

After 90 units and before the enrollment services deadline for graduation terms (Oct. 15th for Spring Graduations; March 1st for Fall Graduations).

question

PSY 241- Psychobiology is required for:

answer

taking PSY 331, 332, 333 and all the other group one psychology courses psychology major requirements for graduation

question

All departments handle prerequisites differently. In the psychology department you can take a psychology course without the prerequisites

answer

False

question

Which sources could you use to find out what the prerequisites for psychology courses are?

answer

CSULB catalog (both online and in print) CSULB Schedule of Classes on the Psychology Major & Minor Checksheets in the Psychology Major Handbook on the Psychology Department Website

question

If you register for a psychology course and do not have the prerequisites

answer

You can and most likely will be dropped from the class by the instructor once the semester starts. You will still have to take the prerequisite course for the psychology major or minor.

question

If you plan on going to Graduate School in Psychology, you shoud plan on taking:

answer

PSY 310 Intermediate Statistics, 411 Experimental Design & analysis, and 412 Multivariate Statistics PSY 314 Assessment and/or 315 Testing 400 level research courses

question

At CSULB a grade of D is considered a passing grade. Only the Psychology Department requires you to have a grade of C or better in PSY 100, 210, and 220 for admission to the major

answer

True

question

The last category of the psychology major requirements requires you to take 2 courses from other departments. .

answer

One must be from the list of _Ethnic Studies__ courses. The other must be upper division (300 level or above) from any of the approved departments

question

You can get a list of the approved ethnic studies courses from:

answer

Inside the Psychology Major Handbook The University Center for Undergraduate Advising in the Horn Center, room 103.

question

All courses take at a Community or Junior College are considered Lower division. Lower division community college courses CANNOT be used for upper division (300 level or above) CSULB courses. You can check Assist.org or in the Psychology Major Handbook for transfer equivalents at CSULB

answer

True

question

At CSULB you can take PSY 100, 210, and 220 all in the same semester

answer

False

question

If you are declared as a "pre-major" you will have to declare a "real" major by 60 units or enrollment services will put a hold on your account until you declare a major

answer

True

question

The Psychology Student association (PSA) and Psi Chi Psychology Honor Society:

answer

meet together every other week put on Psych Day every spring look good on vitas and resumes for applying to graduate school and jobs

question

Which group of psychology courses are open to Psychology majors only? (Meaning you must be declared as a psychology major to take these courses)

answer

The 400 level courses

question

Starting Fall 2009 students at CSULB are limited to ____ units of repeating

answer

question

1. Grade Forgiveness (new grade replaces old bad grade in your GPA) 2. Total number of units you need to graduate with a psychology BA at CSULB 3. Total number of units you are allowed to withdraw (drop) from at CSULB 4. Total number of units you are allowed to repeat (includes both grade forgiveness AND grade averaging) at CSULB 5. Grade Averaging (after you have used up your grade forgiveness units, the grades in any courses you repeat will be averaged together in your GPA)

answer

__5__ 12 units __3__ 18 units __4__ 28 units __2__ 120 units __1__ 16 units

question

The new College of Liberal Arts Advising Center called ATLAS is in Ph1 room 104 is open Monday-Friday and you can drop in or make an appointment to see them about GEs, units, GPAs, or majors and minors in the College of Liberal Arts. They do all the academic advising for psychology students.

answer

True

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Deviation From The Mean Experimental Psychology Psychology Rejecting The Null Hypothesis

PSY 201 Ch 11 – Repeated Measures – Flashcards 36 terms

Karlie Mack

36 terms

Preview

PSY 201 Ch 11 – Repeated Measures – Flashcards

question

A repeated-measures design, or a within-subject design, is one in which the dependent variable is

answer

measured two or more times for each individual in a single sample. The same group of subjects is used in all of the treatment conditions.

question

In a matched-subjects design, each individual in one sample is

answer

matched with an individual in the other sample. The matching is done so that the two individuals are equivalent (or nearly equivalent) with respect to a specific variable that the researcher would like to control.

question

1. For a research study comparing two treatment conditions, what characteristic differentiates a repeated-measures design from an independent-measures design?

answer

. For a repeated-measures design, the same group of individuals is tested in both of the treatments. An independent-measures design uses a separate group for each treatment

question

2. Describe the data used to compute the sample mean and the sample variance for the repeated-measures t statistic.

answer

2. The two scores obtained for each individual are used to compute a difference score. The sample of difference scores is used to compute the mean and variance.

question

3. In words and in symbols, what is the null hypothesis for a repeated-measures t test?

answer

3. The null hypothesis states that, for the general population, the average difference between the two conditions is zero. In symbols, pD = 0.

question

1. A researcher is investigating the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for chronic back pain. A sample of n = 4 participants is obtained from a pain clinic. Each individual ranks the current level of pain and then begins a 6-week program of acupuncture treatment. At the end of the program, the pain level is rated again and the researcher records the amount of difference between the two ratings. For this sample, pain level decreased by an average of M = 4.5 points with SS = 27. a. Are the data sufficient to conclude that acupuncture has a significant effect on back pain? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Can you conclude that acupuncture significantly reduces back pain? Use a one-tailed test with a = .05.

answer

1. a. For these data, the sample variance is 9, the standard error is 1.50, and t = 3.00. With df = 3, the critical values are t = ±3.182. Fail to reject the null hypothesis. b. For a one-tailed test, the critical value is t = 2.353. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that acupuncture treatment significantly reduces pain

question

2. Compute the effect size using both Cohen's d and r2 acupuncture study in the previous question.

answer

2. d = 4.5/3 = 1.50 and r2 = 9/12 = 0.75

question

3. A computer printout for a repeated-measures t test reports a p value of p = .021. a. Can the researcher claim a significant effect with a =.01? b. Is the effect significant with a =.05?

answer

3. a. The exact p value, p = .021, is not less than a = .01. Therefore, the effect is not significant for a = .01 (p > .01). b. The p value is less than .05, so the effect is significant with a = .05

question

1. What assumptions must be satisfied for repeated-measures t tests to be valid?

answer

1. The observations within a treatment are independent. The population distribution of D scores is assumed to be normal.

question

2. Describe some situations for which a repeated-measures design is well suited.

answer

2. The repeated-measures design is suited to situations in which a particular type of subject is not readily available for study. This design is helpful because it uses fewer subjects (only one sample is needed). Certain questions are addressed more adequately by a repeatedmeasures design—for example, any time one would like to study changes across time in the same individuals. Also, when individual differences are large, a repeated-measures design is helpful because it reduces the amount of this type of error in the statistical analysis.

question

3. How is a matched-subjects design similar to a repeated-measures design? How do they differ?

answer

3. They are similar in that the role of individual differences in the experiment is reduced. They differ in that there are two samples in a matched-subjects design and only one in a repeatedmeasures study.

question

4. The data from a research study consist of 10 scores in each of two different treatment conditions. How many individual subjects would be needed to produce these data a. For an independent-measures design? b. For a repeated-measures design? c. For a matched-subjects design?

answer

4. a. The independent-measures design would require 20 subjects (two separate samples with n = 10 in each). b. The repeated-measures design would require 10 subjects (the same 10 individuals are measured in both treatments). c. The matched-subjects design would require 20 subjects (10 matched pairs).

question

1. For the following studies, indicate whether a repeatedmeasures t test is the appropriate analysis. Explain your answers. a. A researcher is comparing the amount of time spent playing video games each week for college males versus college females. b. A researcher is comparing two new designs for cell phones by having a group of high school students send a scripted text message on each model and measuring the difference in speed for each student. c. A researcher is evaluating the effects of fatigue by testing people in the morning when they are well rested and testing again at midnight when they have been awake for at least 14 hours.

answer

1. a. This is an independent-measures experiment with two separate samples. b. This is repeated-measures. The same individuals are measured twice. c. This is repeated-measures. The same individuals are measured twice.

question

2. Participants enter a research study with unique characteristics that produce different scores from one person to another. For an independent-measures study, these individual differences can cause problems. Briefly explain how these problems are eliminated or reduced with a repeated-measures study

answer

2. One problem with individual differences is that the participants in one group may be noticeably different (smarter, older, etc.) than those in another group and these differences may explain why the groups have different means. This problem is eliminated with a repeated-measures design because the same individuals are in both groups. The second problem is that individual differences can increase variance. In a repeated-measures design, the individual differences are subtracted out of the variance.

question

3. Explain the difference between a matched-subjects design and a repeated-measures design.

answer

3. For a repeated-measures design the same subjects are used in both treatment conditions. In a matched-subjects design, two different sets of subjects are used. However, in a matched-subjects design, each subject in one condition is matched with respect to a specific variable with a subject in the second condition so that the two separate samples are equivalent with respect to the matching variable.

question

4. A researcher conducts an experiment comparing two treatment conditions and obtains data with 10 scores for each treatment condition. a. If the researcher used an independent-measures design, how many subjects participated in the experiment? b. If the researcher used a repeated-measures design, how many subjects participated in the experiment? c. If the researcher used a matched-subjects design, how many subjects participated in the experiment?

answer

4. a. An independent-measures design would require two separate samples, each with 10 subjects, for a total of 20 subjects. b. A repeated-measures design would use the same sample of n = 10 subjects in both treatment conditions. c. A matched-subjects design would require two separate samples with n = 10 in each, for a total of 20 subjects.

question

5. A sample of n = 9 individuals participates in a repeatedmeasures study that produces a sample mean difference of MD = 6.5 with SS = 200 for the difference scores. a. Calculate the standard deviation for the sample of difference scores. Briefly explain what is measured by the standard deviation. b. Calculate the estimated standard error for the sample mean difference. Briefly explain what is measured by the estimated standard error.

answer

5. a. The standard deviation is 5 points and measures the average distance between an individual score and the sample mean. b. The estimated standard error is 1.67 points and measures the average distance between a sample mean and the population mean.

question

6. a. A repeated-measures study with a sample of n = 25 participants produces a mean difference ofMD = 3 with a standard deviation of s = 4. Based on the mean and standard deviation, you should be able to visualize (or sketch) the sample distribution. Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with a = .05 to determine whether it is likely that this sample came from a population with p, = 0. b. Now assume that the sample standard deviation is s = 12, and once again visualize the sample distribution. Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with a = .05 to determine whether it is likely that this sample came from a population with pp = 0. Explain how the size of the sample standard deviation influences the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference

answer

6. a. The estimated standard error is 0.8 points and t(8) = 3.75. With a critical boundary of ±2.064, reject the null hypothesis. b. The estimated standard error is 2.4 point and t(8) = 1.25. With a critical boundary of ±2.064, fail to reject the null hypothesis. c. A larger standard deviation (or variance) reduces the likelihood of finding a significant difference.

question

7. a. A repeated-measures study with a sample of n = 9 participants produces a mean difference of MD = 3 with a standard deviation of s = 6. Based on the mean and standard deviation, you should be able to visualize (or sketch) the sample distribution. Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with a = .05 to determine whether it is likely that this sample came from a population with No = 0. b. Now assume that the sample mean difference is MD = 12, and once again visualize the sample distribution. Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with a = .05 to determine whether it is likely that this sample came from a population with 1.tp = 0. c. Explain how the size of the sample mean difference influences the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference.

answer

7. a. The estimated standard error is 2 points and t(8) = 1.50. With a critical boundary of ±2.306, fail to reject the null hypothesis. b. With MD = 12, t(8) = 6.00. With a critical boundary of ±2.306, reject the null hypothesis. c. The larger the mean difference, the greater the likelihood of finding a significant difference.

question

8. A sample of difference scores from a repeated-measures experiment has a mean ofMD = 4 with a standard deviation of s = 6. a. If n = 4, is this sample sufficient to reject the null hypothesis using a two-tailed test with a = .05? b. Would you reject H0 if n = 16? Again, assume a two-tailed test with a = .05. c. Explain how the size of the sample influences the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference.

answer

8. a. With n = 4, the estimated standard error is 3 and t(3) = 4/3 = 1.33. With critical boundaries of ±3.182, fail to reject H0. b. With n = 16, the estimated standard error is 1.5 and t(15) = 4/1.5 = 2.67. With critical boundaries of ±2.131, reject H0 c. If other factors are held constant, a larger sample increases the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference.

question

9. As mentioned in Chapters 2 and 3 (pp. 38 and 81), Steven Schmidt (1994) reported a series of studies examining the effect of humor on memory. In one part of the study, participants were presented with a list containing a mix of humorous and nonhumorous sentences, and were then asked to recall as many sentences as possible. Schmidt recorded the number of humorous and the number of nonhumorous sentences recalled by each individual. Notice that the data consist of two memory scores for each participant. Suppose that a difference score is computed for each individual in a sample of n = 16 and the resulting data show that participants recalled an average of = 3.25 more humorous sentences than nonhumorous, with SS = 135. Are these results sufficient to conclude that humor has a significant effect on memory? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05.

answer

9. The sample variance is 9, the estimated standard error is 0.75, and t(15) = 4.33. With critical boundaries of ±2.131, reject H0

question

10. Research has shown that losing even one night's sleep can have a significant effect on performance of complex tasks such as problem solving (Linde & Bergstroem, 1992). To demonstrate this phenomenon, a sample of n = 25 college students was given a problem-solving task at noon on one day and again at noon on the following day. The students were not permitted any sleep between the two tests. For each student, the difference between the first and second score was recorded. For this sample, the students averaged MD = 4.7 points better on the first test with a variance of s2 = 64 for the difference scores. a. Do the data indicate a significant change in problemsolving ability? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Compute an estimated Cohen's d to measure the size of the effect

answer

10. a. The null hypothesis says that losing one night's sleep will have no effect on performance. For these data, the estimated standard error is 1.60, and t(24) = 2.94. With df = 24, the critical boundaries are ±2.064. Reject the null hypothesis. b. Cohen's d = 4.7/64 = 0.5875

question

11. Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) reported that people rate cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). A researcher attempted to replicate this result using a sample of n = 25 adults between the ages of 40 and 45. For each person, the researcher recorded the difference between the rating obtained while smiling and the rating obtained while frowning. On average the cartoons were rated as funnier when the participants were smiling, with an average difference of MD = 1.6 with SS = 150. a. Do the data indicate that the cartoons are rated significantly funnier when the participants are smiling? Use a one-tailed test with a = .01. b. Compute r2 to measure the size of the treatment effect. c. Write a sentence describing the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size as it would appear in a research report

answer

11. a. The null hypothesis says that there is no difference in judgments for smiling versus frowning. For these data, the sample variance is 6.25, the estimated standard error is 0.5, and t = 1.6/0.5 = 3.20. For a one-tailed test with df = 24, the critical value is 2.492. Reject the null hypothesis. b. r2 = 10.24/34.24 = 0.299 (29.9%) c. The cartoons were rated significantly funnier when people held a pen in their teeth compared to holding a pen in their lips, t(24) = 3.20, p < .01, one tailed, r2 = 0.299.

question

12. How would you react to doing much worse on an exam than you expected? There is some evidence to suggest that most individuals believe that they can cope with this kind of problem better than their fellow students (Igou, 2008). In the study, participants read a scenario of a negative event and were asked to use a 10-point scale to rate how it would affect their immediate well-being (-5 strongly worsen to +5 strongly improve). Then they were asked to imagine the event from the perspective of an ordinary fellow student and rate how it would affect that person. The difference between the two ratings was recorded. Suppose that a sample of n = 25 participants produced a mean difference ofMD = 1.28 points (self rated higher) with a standard deviation of s = 1.50 for the difference scores. a. Is this result sufficient to conclude that there is a significant difference in the ratings for self versus others? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Compute r2 and estimate Cohen's d to measure the size of the treatment effect. c. Write a sentence describing the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size as it would appear in a research report.

answer

12. a. The null hypothesis states that self-ratings are not different from ratings of others. For these data the estimated standard error is 0.30 and t = 4.27. With df = 24, the critical value is 2.064. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that self-ratings are significantly different from ratings of others. b. r2 = 4.272/(4.272 + 24) = 0.432 and Cohen's d = 1.28/1.50 = 0.853. c. Participants rated their own ability to cope significantly higher than the ability of others, t(24) = 4.27, p < .01, d = 0.853

question

13. Research results indicate that physically attractive people are also perceived as being more intelligent (Eagly, Ashmore, Makhijani, & Longo, 1991). As a demonstration of this phenomenon, a researcher obtained a set of 10 photographs, 5 showing men who were judged to be attractive and 5 showing men who were judged to be unattractive. The photographs were shown to a sample of n = 25 college students and the students were asked to rate the intelligence of the person in the photo on a scale from 1 to 10. For each student, the researcher determined the average rating for the 5 attractive photos and the average for the 5 unattractive photos, and then computed the difference between the two scores. For the entire sample, the average difference was MD = 2.7 (attractive photos rated higher) with s = 2.00. Are the data sufficient to conclude that there was a significant difference in perceived intelligence for the two sets of photos? Use a two-tailed test at the .05 level of significance

answer

13. The null hypothesis states that there is no difference in the perceived intelligence between attractive and unattractive photos. For these data, the estimated standard error is 0.4 and t = 2.7/0.4 = 6.75. With df = 24, the critical value is 2.064. Reject the null hypothesis.

question

14. Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive functioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxidants in foods such as blueberries may reduce and even reverse these age-related declines (Joseph et al., 1999). To examine this phenomenon, suppose that a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are between the ages of 65 and 75. The researcher uses a standardized test to measure cognitive performance for each individual. The participants then begin a 2-month program in which they receive daily doses of a blueberry supplement. At the end of the 2-month period, the researcher again measures cognitive performance for each participant. The results show an average increase in performance of MD = 7.4 with SS = 1215. a. Does this result support the conclusion that the antioxidant supplement has a significant effect on cognitive performance? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the average cognitive performance improvement for the population of older adults.

answer

14. a. The null hypothesis states that the antioxidant has no effect on cognitive performance. For these data, the estimated standard error is 2.25, and t(15) = 3.29. With df = 15 the critical value is 2.131. Reject the null hypothesis, the antioxidant has a significant effect. b. For 95% confidence use t = 2.131 and the interval extends from 2.61 to 12.19.

question

15. The following data are from a repeated-measures study examining the effect of a treatment by measuring a group of n = 4 participants before and after they receive the treatment. a. Calculate the difference scores and MD. b. Compute SS, sample variance, and estimated standard error. c. Is there a significant treatment effect? Use a = .05, two tails. Participant Before Treatment After Treatment A 7 10 B 6 13 C 9 12 D 5 8

answer

15. a. The difference scores are 3, 7, 3, and 3. MD = 4. b. SS = 12, sample variance is 4, and the estimated standard error is 1. c. With df = 3 and α = .05, the critical values are t = ±3.182. For these data, t = 4.00. Reject H0. There is a significant treatment effect.

question

16. A researcher for a cereal company wanted to demonstrate the health benefits of eating oatmeal. A sample of 9 volunteers was obtained and each participant ate a fixed diet without any oatmeal for 30 days. At the end of the 30-day period, cholesterol was measured for each individual. Then the participants began a second 30-day period in which they repeated exactly the same diet except that they added 2 cups of oatmeal each day. After the second 30-day period, cholesterol levels were measured again and the researcher recorded the difference between the two scores for each participant. For this sample, cholesterol scores averaged MD = 16 points lower with the oatmeal diet with SS = 538 for the difference scores. a. Are the data sufficient to indicate a significant change in cholesterol level? Use a two-tailed test with a = .01. b. Compute r2, the percentage of variance accounted for by the treatment, to measure the size of the treatment effect. c. Write a sentence describing the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size as it would appear in a research report.

answer

16. a. The null hypothesis states that the oatmeal has no effect on cholesterol level. For these data, the sample variance is 67.25, the estimated standard error is 2.73, and t(8) = 5.86. With df = 8 and α = .01, the critical values are t = ±3.355. Reject the null hypothesis. b. r2 = 5.862/(5.862 + 8) = 0.811 c. The results show that the oatmeal has a significant effect on cholesterol levels, t(8) = 5.86, p < .01, r2 = 0.811.

question

17. A variety of research results suggest that visual images interfere with visual perception. In one study, Segal and Fusella (1970) had participants watch a screen, looking for brief presentations of a small blue arrow. On some trials, the participants were also asked to form a mental image (for example, imagine a volcano). The results for a sample ofn = 6, show that participants made an average of MD = 4.3 more errors while forming images than while not forming images. The difference scores had SS = 63. Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05

answer

17. The null hypothesis states that the images have no effect on performance. For these data, the sample variance is 12.6, the estimated standard error is 1.45, and t(5) = 2.97. With df = 5 and α = .05, the critical values are t = ±2.571. Reject the null hypothesis, the images have a significant effect.

question

18. One of the primary advantages of a repeated-measures design, compared to independent-measures, is that it reduces the overall variability by removing variance caused by individual differences. The following data are from a research study comparing two treatment conditions.

answer

18. a. The pooled variance is 6.4 and the estimated standard error is 1.46. b. For the difference scores the variance is 2 and the estimated standard error is 0.58.

question

. Assume that the data are from an independentmeasures study using two separate samples, each with n = 6 participants. Compute the pooled variance and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. b. Now assume that the data are from a repeatedmeasures study using the same sample of n = 6 participants in both treatment conditions. Compute the variance for the sample of difference scores and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. (You should find that the repeatedmeasures design substantially reduces the variance and the standard error.) Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Difference 10 13 3 12 12 0 8 10 2 6 10 4 5 6 1 7 9 2 M = 8 SS = 34 M = 10 SS = 30 MD = 2 SS = 10

answer

19. a. The pooled variance is 6.4 and the estimated standard error is 1.46. b. For the difference scores the variance is 12.8, the estimated standard error is 1.46.

question

20. A researcher uses a matched-subjects design to investigate whether single people who own pets are generally happier than singles without pets. A mood inventory questionnaire is administered to a group of 20- to 29-year-old non—pet owners and a similar age group of pet owners. The pet owners are matched one to one with the non—pet owners for income, number of close friendships, and general health. The data are as follows: Matched Non-Pet Pet Pair Owner Owner A 12 14 B 8 7 C 10 13 D 9 9 E 7 13 F 10 12 a. Is there a significant difference in the mood scores for non—pet owners versus pet owners? Test with a = .05 for two tails. b. Construct the 95% confidence interval to estimate the size of the mean difference in mood between the population of pet owners and the population of non—pet owners. (You should find that a mean difference of IID = 0 is an acceptable value, which is consistent with the conclusion from the hypothesis test.) 19. The previous problem demonstrates that removing individual differences can substantially reduce variance and lower the standard error. However, this benefit only occurs if the individual differences are consistent across treatment conditions. In problem 18, for example, the first two participants (top two rows) consistently had the highest scores in both treatment conditions. Similarly, the last two participants consistently had the lowest scores in both treatments. To construct the following data, we started with the scores in problem 18 and scrambled the scores in treatment 1 to eliminate the consistency of the individual differences. a. Assume that the data are from an independentmeasures study using two separate samples, each with n = 6 participants. Compute the pooled variance and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. b. Now assume that the data are from a repeatedmeasures study using the same sample of n = 6 participants in both treatment conditions. Compute the variance for the sample of difference scores and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. (This time you should find that removing the individual differences does not reduce the variance or the standard error.) reatment 1 Treatment 2 Difference 6 13 7 7 12 5 8 10 2 10 10 0 5 6 1 12 9 -3

answer

20. a. The null hypothesis says that pets do not have an effect on mood, H 0: μD = 0. With df = 5 and α = .05, the critical values are t = ±2.571. For these data, MD = 2, SS = 30, the estimated standard error is 1.00, and t(5) = 2.00. Fail to reject H0. b. For 95% confidence, use t = ±2.571. The interval extends from 0.571 to 4.571. (Note that a value of zero is contained in the interval.)

question

21. There is some evidence suggesting that you are likely to improve your test score if you rethink and change answers on a multiple-choice exam (Johnston, 1975). To examine this phenomenon, a teacher gave the same final exam to two sections of a psychology course. The students in one section were told to turn in their exams immediately after finishing, without changing any of their answers. In the other section, students were encouraged to reconsider each question and to change answers whenever they felt it was appropriate. Before the final exam, the teacher had matched 9 students in the first section with 9 students in the second section based on their midterm grades. For example, a student in the no-change section with an 89 on the midterm exam was matched with student in the change section who also had an 89 on the midterm. The final exam grades for the 9 matched pairs of students are presented in the following table. a. Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the size of the population mean difference. c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the results of the hypothesis test and the confidence interval would appear in a research report. Matched Pair No-Change Section Change Section #1 71 86 #2 68 80 #3 91 88 #4 65 74 #5 73 82 #6 81 89 #7 85 85 #8 86 88 #9 65 76

answer

21. a. The null hypothesis says that changing answers has no effect, H0: μD = 0. With df = 8 and α = .05, the critical values are t = ±2.306. For these data, MD = 7, SS = 288, the standard error is 2, and t(8) = 3.50. Reject H0 and conclude that changing answers has a significant effect on exam performance. b. For 95% confidence use t = ±2.306. The interval extends from 2.388 to 11.612. c. Changing answers resulted in significantly higher exam scores, t(8) = 3.50, p < .05, 95% CI [2.388, 11.612].

question

22. The teacher from the previous problem also tried a different approach to answering the question of whether changing answers helps or hurts exam grades. In a separate class, students were encouraged to review their final exams and change any answers they wanted to before turning in their papers. However, the students had to indicate both the original answer and the changed answer for each question. The teacher then graded each exam twice, one using the set of original answers and once with the changes. In the class of n = 22 students, the average exam score improved by an average of MD = 2.5 points with the changed answers. The standard deviation for the difference scores was s = 3.1. Are the data sufficient to conclude that rethinking and changing answers can significantly improve exam scores? Use a one-tailed test at the .01 level of significance

answer

22. The null hypothesis says that changing answers should not affect the student's scores. With df = 21 and α = .01, the one-tailed critical value is t = 2.518. For these data, the estimated standard error is 0.66, and t(21) = 3.79. Reject H0.

question

23. At the Olympic level of competition, even the smallest factors can make the difference between winning and losing. For example, Pelton (1983) has shown that Olympic marksmen shoot much better if they fire between heartbeats, rather than squeezing the trigger during a heartbeat. The small vibration caused by a heartbeat seems to be sufficient to affect the marksman's aim. The following hypothetical data demonstrate this phenomenon. A sample of n = 8 Olympic marksmen fires a series of rounds while a researcher records heartbeats. For each marksman, a score is recorded for shots fired during heartbeats and for shots fired between heartbeats. Do these data indicate a significant difference? Test with a = .05. Participant During Heartbeats Between Heartbeats A 93 98 B 90 94 C 95 96 D 92 91 E 95 97 F 91 97 G 92 95 H 93 9

answer

23. The null hypothesis says that there is no difference between shots fired during versus between heart beats, H0: μD = 0. With α = .05, the critical region consists of t values beyond ±2.365. For these data, MD = 3, SS = 36, s2 = 5.14, the standard error is 0.80, and t(7) = 3.75. Reject H0 and conclude that the timing of the shot has a significant effect on the marksmen's scores.

question

24. The Preview section of this chapter presented a repeated-measures research study demonstrating that swearing can help reduce pain (Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston, 2009). In the study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, the participants repeated a neutral word. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table. a. Do these data indicate a significant difference in pain tolerance between the two conditions? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Compute ,-2, the percentage of variance accounted for, to measure the size of the treatment effect. c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the results of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report. Amount of Time (in Seconds) Participant Swear Words Neutral Words 1 94 59 2 70 61 3 52 47 4 83 60 5 46 35 6 117 92 7 69 53 8 39 30 9 51 56 10 73 61

answer

24. a. For these data, MD = 14, s2 = 128, the standard error is 3.58, and t(9) = -3.91. For a two- tailed test with α = .05 the critical boundary is t = 2.262. Reject H0 and conclude that swearing significantly increases pain tolerance. b. r2 = 15.288/24.288 = 0.629. c. Swearing significantly increased the amount of time that participants could tolerate the icy water, t(9) = -3.91, p < .05, r2 = 0.629.

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Binet And Simon Cognitive Psychology Junior High School Psychology

PSYC exam 2b — part 2 – Flashcards 46 terms

Matilda Campbell

46 terms

Preview

PSYC exam 2b — part 2 – Flashcards

question

what was Herman Ebbinghus's contribution to the study of memory

answer

He was the first to do experiments to measure memory

question

when Ebbinghus pioneered the experimental study of memory, what did he memorize?

answer

nonsense syllables

question

in Ebbinghus's studies of memorization of nonsense syllables, who did the memorizing

answer

Ebbinghus himself

question

Professor Yawnmore asks you to write by memory a list of all the recipients of the Nobel prize. what kind of memory test is this?

answer

free recall

question

an essay exam is best described as what type of memory?

answer

free recall

question

you history professor gives you a list of the initials of all the US presidents and VP's and asks you to fill in the names. what kind of memory test is this

answer

cured recall

question

what kind of memory test are you taking right now?

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recognition

question

one unusual feature of implicit memory is that

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people can display implicit memory without realizing that they are using memory

question

what is unusual about implicit test of memory, as compared to recall and recognition?

answer

implicit test measure the person's depth of processing

question

once you learn to ride a bicycle, you never forget, pertain to _____ memory

answer

procedural

question

you try to sketch a picture of you psychology lecture hall. while you never tried to remember the types of chairs or color of the carpet, your drawing is mostly correct. your drawing is an example of ____

answer

implicit

question

a lineup measure memory in what way?

answer

recognition

question

in what way is identifying a suspect from a lineup similar to taking a multiple choice test?

answer

both are a form of a recognition memory rest.

question

when a witness picks a suspect from a line up, what do many psychologists recommend?

answer

ask for a yes/no decision on each suspect, one at a time.

question

suppose we suspect someone has abused a child. what is a good advice for someone interviewing the child

answer

use open- ended questions such as "what happened"

question

according to the information - processing model of memory, human memory is most analogous to

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a computer

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someone asks you what time it is. you answer them. a few second after you been distracted, someone asks again but you forgotten. what type of memory is this?

answer

shot- term

question

memory of a specific experience such as a graduating from high school is know as

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episodic memory

question

your memory of the rules of basketball or gold is a type of ____ memory

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semantic memory

question

remembering the event when you move into you current home is what type of memory?

answer

episodic

question

when you remember how a clock works, what type of memory is that?

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semantic

question

research in the 1950's suggested that the capacity of short terms memory is

answer

about seven items

question

if you remember the numbers "1441653" as "144-1653" you are improving you ability to store the information by means of

answer

chucking

question

executive functioning (one aspect of working memory) is responsible for what?

answer

a shifting attention from one task to another

question

what is true of "flashbulb: memories of highly emotional events?

answer

they are extremely detailed but now always accurate

question

the tendency to remember the first items on a list is the _____ effect. The tendency to remember the last items is the ___ effect

answer

primacy... recency

question

if you have a short time to memorize a long list of words, which study method works best?

answer

for each item. think about how to use it in a life or death situation.

question

according to the depth- of- processing principle, why are some memories easier to recall?

answer

we thought about them more during the storage process.

question

when you are trying to remember a list of words, the more you think about this meaning , the easier they will be to remember later. this is known as the

answer

depth- of- processing principle.

question

the depth- of processing principle helps to explain

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where certain memories are stored in the brain

question

according to the encoding specificity principle, retrieval cues are the best at stimulating a memory if those cues

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use the same auditory frequency as the theta waves in the brain

question

the tendency to remember something better if your body is in the same condition during recall as it was during original learning is known as

answer

state- dependent memory

question

when you ready the word "pop" on a list, you think of it as breaking a balloon. Later when someone asks what the word on the list refers to a kind of drink, you don't think or "pop" why not?

answer

encoding specificity principle

question

if it is important to remember certain details from a party last night, what would help?

answer

a return to the same location at the same tome of day with the same people presetnt

question

according to the principle of encoding specificity, to do well on a test you should

answer

study at the same time and places as you will be tested.

question

what is good advice if you want to remember something long-term?

answer

break up you study into many session at different times and places.

question

you plan to spend 12 hours studying for a test. what strategy is most effective?

answer

study one hour each day for 12 days

question

you study something until you are confident that you will remember it. then what?

answer

even if you repeat it now, you underestimate how much you will forget.

question

if you study under varied conditions at varied times of day, with small amounts of study at each time, spread out over long intervals, what is the result?

answer

rapid learning and good long term retention

question

memorizing a list of locations and using them to remember a list of names is an example of

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a mnemonic device

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john needed to remember the last 10 president of the US. He generated an image of each of the president located somewhere in his house. John used

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the method of loci

question

what does it mean to say that memory is a "reconstruction"

answer

when you remember, you will in the gaps with reasonable guesses.

question

Hermann ebbinghaus forgot a new list that he learned faster than most college student who participated in later experiments. Who did Ebbingaus forgot to rapidly?

answer

proactive interference

question

first you memorized the street map of Detroit. If you now memorize the street map of Philadelphia, you might forget the Detroit map because of

answer

retoroactive interference

question

Both proactive interference and retoactive interference

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increases forgetting

question

in which case are people LEAST likely to remember a traumatic experience?

answer

if their family provided support and encouragement

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Day Night Cycle Psychology

The Developing Person Through the Life Span – 8th Edition (EXAM THREE) – Flashcards 50 terms

Deacon Kirby

50 terms

Preview

The Developing Person Through the Life Span – 8th Edition (EXAM THREE) – Flashcards

question

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's:

answer

Brain

question

The sex glands are also known as:

answer

The ovaries and testes

question

Recent research indicates that there is a direct link between deficiencies in the adolescent diet and:

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The availability of vending machines on high-school campuses

question

The growth spurt begins with an:

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Increase in bone length

question

Adolescent acne is usually brought on by:

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Increased activity of oil and sweat glands

question

The adolescent's ability to plan, to reflect, to analyze and to decide is a function of the:

answer

Prefrontal Cortex

question

Diagnosing STIs in adolescents is problematic because:

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May have no symptoms

question

Most adolescents think about themselves:

answer

Frequently

question

A 15-year-old girl realizes that the dress she has worn to school has a small stain on it. Her belief that everyone will notice it is an example of:

answer

Adolescent Egocentrism

question

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents':

answer

False belief that everyone is constantly attending to their behavior and appearance.

question

Juanita is able to think hypothetically about abstract ideas. Piaget would say she has developed:

answer

Formal Operational Thought

question

Does the ability to use deductive reasoning tend to develop at the same time as the ability to use inductive reasoning?

answer

No, deductive reasoning tends to develop than inductive reasoning.

question

Logic in teenagers tends to improve with:

answer

Age

question

Whether adolescents stay in school or drop out is strongly influenced by their:

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Experience in middle school

question

Developmentalists agree that adolescents learn best with:

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Few changes in their lives

question

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to:

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Form a coherent identity

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Adoption of parents' or society's roles and values, rather than questioning and exploring a personal identity, is referred to as identity:

answer

Foreclosure

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Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents:

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Have few commitments to goals or values and fail to take on any role.

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Shortly after Brittany turned 18, she developed a newfound appreciation of her parents. What contributed to her change in attitude?

answer

Increased emotional maturity and reduced egocentrism

question

Parents' awareness of where their children are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as:

answer

Parental Monitoring

question

Most adolescents need a bridge in their transition from childhood to young adulthood, easing the shift from childish behaviors to more independent ones. This bridge is generally provided by:

answer

Peers at their level

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Brent and Ashley are high-school seniors who have been dating for nearly a year. While they emotionally support each other, their relationship primarily centers on.

answer

Companionship

question

Ideally, the best sex educators are:

answer

Parents

question

Joel is 14 years old and has been using marijuana steadily for the past six months. Because of his early drug use, he is at an increased risk for:

answer

Depression

question

Suicidal ideation refers to:

answer

Thinking about suicide

question

Arrest statistics do not accurately reflect the prevalence of adolescent delinquency because:

answer

Many offenses never come to police attention

question

Which of the following is the goal of homeostasis?

answer

Equilibrium

question

The term organ reserve refers to:

answer

The extra capacity available to an organ when subjected to stress

question

The most common time for males and females to have a baby is during:

answer

young Adulthood

question

Two factors that tend to maintain good exercise habits beyond emerging adulthood include:

answer

Friendship and communities designed for activity

question

A person's set point is affected by:

answer

Ages, Genes, Diet, Hormones, and Exercise

question

Compared with their peers, emerging adults who abuse drugs are less likely to:

answer

Sustain a romance

question

Young men are more likely to die violently than young women because:

answer

Testosterone is associated with impulsive and angry reactions.

question

Grappling with personal and social problems during late adolescence and emerging adulthood using both emotion and logic demonstrates:

answer

Postformal Thought

question

After Brenda finished college and began working in her chosen field, she saw her life becoming:

answer

Less playful and more practical.

question

In comparison with adolescent thinking, adult thinking requires more:

answer

Flexibility

question

The most advanced cognitive process is:

answer

Dialectical Thought

question

Research using the Defining Issues Test (DIT) has demonstrated that which of the following is associated with moral growth?

answer

Education

question

Which statement is true of Fowler's sixth stage of Universalizing Faith?

answer

People have a vision of universal compassion, justice, and love.

question

Compared to individuals with a college education, those without a college education tend to be more:

answer

Likely to smoke

question

Compared to 50 years ago, today's U.S. college population:

answer

Is more diverse and heterogeneous

question

According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy vs. isolation:

answer

Involves the need to share one's personal life with someone else.

question

Compared to those of women, friendships between men are:

answer

Less Emotional

question

Which of the following lists Sternberg's three dimensions of love in the order in which they generally develop in a relationship?

answer

Passion, Intimacy, Commitment

question

When a couple shares passion and intimacy, but there is no commitment, Sternberg would say they have:

answer

Romantic Love

question

Generally, cohabitating young adults:

answer

Are more likely to have physical abuse in the relationship than are married couples

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of common couple violence?

answer

Both partners arguing

question

Amy graduated from college in May and moved into an apartment with two friends in June. When she returned home to visit after several months, she noticed that:

answer

Her relationship with her parents improved

question

Throughout the world, the most likely time in a person's life for mental illness is:

answer

Emerging Adulthood

question

Anxiety disorders include:

answer

Post-traumatic stress disorder and panic attacks.

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Hard Physical Work Psychology

Psychology Quiz 9 – Flashcards 26 terms

Jazzlyn Sampson

26 terms

Preview

Psychology Quiz 9 – Flashcards

question

Generally, early adulthood is characterized by _____ health

answer

optimal

question

What is decreasing in the U.S. higher education system?

answer

critical thinking, analysis , and communication

question

Once a person has reached adulthood, the vital capacity of his or her lungs drops about 4 percent:

answer

per decade

question

According to the 2011 research conducted by Pryor et al, the number one reason more than 9 out of 10 U.S. students cite for selecting a major is based on:

answer

money

question

Compared to college students 30 years ago, more students today are:

answer

focusing on career preparation

question

The term massification means that:

answer

the idea that college could benefit everyone

question

In almost every developed nation today, it is true that _____ are college students.

answer

more than half

question

Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.

answer

$20,000

question

Middle aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives.

answer

"extremely satisfied"

question

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be:

answer

healthier / live longer / have more wealth

question

Low birth weight, undernutrition in infancy, and rapid weight gain in early childhood are associated with _____ in emerging adulthood.

answer

Shorter height, reduced body functioning, and higher risk of disease

question

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

answer

5 or 10 years younger

question

Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately _____ times as long to impregnate a woman now than it would have when he was 20 years younger.

answer

question

Infertility is defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

answer

question

Approximately 15 percent of U.S. couples are:

answer

infertile, some because they have postponed childbearing and another 15 percent of couples choose not to have children

question

In approximately _____ of cases, the cause of a couple's infertility can be traced to the man.

answer

about one third

question

During the past 40 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all:

answer

fertility problems

question

What percentage of contemporary U.S. adults will never make a marriage-like commitment?

answer

less than 10%

question

Of adults born before 1940, what percentage got married?

answer

96%

question

Adults now marry later in life, which is most often the result of:

answer

more a shift in timing and formality than a rejection of partnership

question

After children have grown, MOST couples find that:

answer

have adequate time for their relationship

question

Current objective research data from a large, randomly selected sample of same-sex partners is:

answer

not yet available in the United States

question

According to the text, the most current U.S. census _____ the number of U.S. households headed by a same-sex couples.

answer

0.6%

question

There was a 31 percent increase in the number of same-sex couples in the United States between 2000 and 2006, probably because:

answer

more such couples openly declared themselves as such .

question

One of the MOST influential factors in divorce is:

answer

time and circumstances, because one half of couples believe that he or she would be happier not married

question

Emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work, athletic achievement, and:

answer

successful reproduction

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Child Care Center Human Growth And Development

HD FS 2 – Flashcard 106 terms

Sean Hill

106 terms

Preview

HD FS 2 – Flashcard

question

Body weight that is more than 20% above the average of a person of a given age and height is called

answer

obesity

question

At approximately what age should a child be able to manipulate objects with almost as much capability as an adult?

answer

11 to 12 years old

question

What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children 6 to 8 years old?

answer

The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells,raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.

question

Children ages 5 to 9 are most likely to be killed

answer

in an automobile accident.

question

Approximately how many children and adolescents have a psychological disorder that produces some impairment?

answer

1 in 5

question

What percentage of preteens suffers with depression?

answer

question

What percentage of children ages 9 and 17 suffer with an anxiety disorder?

answer

13%

question

Which of the following is the most likely reason why children's psychological disorders are neglected?

answer

Most children do not exhibit symptoms entirely consistent with those of adults.

question

What is the term for a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness?

answer

visual impairment

question

If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200) after correction (corrective lenses, etc.), this is known as

answer

blindness

question

What is the term for speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in the speaker?

answer

speech impairment

question

What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment?

answer

stuttering

question

What is the definition of a learning disability?

answer

A significant discrepancy between the child's actual academic performance and his/her apparent potential to learn.

question

What is the term for a learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity?

answer

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

question

What are some common treatments for ADHD?

answer

1. behavior therapy that includes use of rewards 2. dietary changes to address fatty acids and/or food additives in the child's diet 3. increased structure in the classroom and home environment to address organizational issues

question

If a preschool child thinks largely in an egocentric manner, then from Piaget's perspective we would say that the child is in the ________ stage.

answer

preoperational

question

What is the term that refers to the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic?

answer

concrete operational

question

Concrete operational thought involves applying _____ to solve problems.

answer

logical operations

question

What is the term for the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account?

answer

decentering

question

In the information processing approach, what is the term for the ability to record, store, and retrieve information?

answer

memory

question

What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood?

answer

metamemory

question

. If a middle-school-age child employs conscious, intentionally used tactics to improve cognitive processing, this is called use of

answer

control strategies

question

Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where children work together in groups to achieve a common goal?

answer

cooperative learning

question

Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where reading comprehension strategies are taught, allowing the student to take on the role of the teacher?

answer

reciprocal teaching

question

What is the term for an understanding of one's own use of language?

answer

metalinguistic awareness

question

What is the term for the use of more than one language?

answer

bilingualism

question

According to Wechsler, what is the term for the capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges?

answer

intelligence

question

Who is the psychologist that used a pragmatic, trial-and-error approach to psychological measurement that continues to serve as the predominant approach to test construction today?

answer

Binet

question

What is the term for a measure of intelligence that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age?

answer

intelligence quotient

question

What is the name of the test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score?

answer

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC IV)

question

. Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory?

answer

fluid intelligence

question

Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations?

answer

crystallized intelligence

question

According to Robert Sternberg, who developed the _____________, intelligence consists of three aspects of information processing.

answer

triarchic theory of intelligence

question

The book The Bell Curve argues that the average 15-point difference between Caucasian Americans' and African Americans' IQs is primarily due to

answer

heredity.

question

What is the term for the educational setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs?

answer

least restrictive environment

question

Which of the following is the term for an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated to the extent possible into the traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives?

answer

mainstreaming

question

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of 50 or 55 to 70, this is known as

answer

mild mental retardation.

question

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55, this is known as

answer

moderate mental retardation.

question

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40, this is known as

answer

severe mental retardation

question

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range below 20 or 25, this is known as

answer

profound mental retardation.

question

. Children who show evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership, or specific academic fields are referred to as

answer

gifted and talented.

question

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, which of the following stages reflects concrete interests of the individual considered in terms of rewards and punishments?

answer

Pre-conventional morality

question

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, which of the following stages reflects a person's approach to moral problems as a member of society, where the person is interested in pleasing others by acting as a good member of society?

answer

conventional morality

question

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage reflects a person's use of moral principles, which are seen as broader than those of any particular society?

answer

Post-conventional morality

question

Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg found that ____________ is relatively rare.

answer

Post-conventional morality

question

. One aspect of the transformation from childhood to adolescence involves a period of very rapid growth in height and weight called

answer

growth spurt.

question

Which of the following terms describes the period in which the sexual organs mature?

answer

puberty

question

Which gland in the body signals the brain and other glands in children's bodies to begin producing sex hormones?

answer

pituitary

question

Male sex hormones are called __________, while female sex hormones are called

answer

androgens; estrogens.

question

What is the term for the onset of menstruation?

answer

menarche

question

What is the most obvious sign of puberty in girls?

answer

onset of menarche

question

When physical characteristics, such as early onset of menstruation or increased height and weight (due to better nutrition) change over the course of several generations, this is an example of a

answer

secular trend.

question

The characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction are called

answer

primary sex characteristics.

question

The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs are called

answer

secondary sex characteristics.

question

The surge in hormone production that triggers the beginning of adolescence may lead to rapid mood swings. Boys may have feelings of ________, while girls may feel ______

answer

anger and annoyance; anger and depression.

question

. During the teenage years, the average girl requires ________ calories a day, and the average boy requires ________.

answer

2,200; 2,800.

question

What is the ratio of adolescents who can be classified as obese?

answer

1 in 20

question

Obese adolescents stand a(n) _____ chance of becoming obese adults.

answer

Obese adolescents stand a(n) _____ chance of becoming obese adults.

question

Which of the following is the term for a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary?

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

Which of the following terms relates to an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives?

answer

bulimia

question

The part of the brain that allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments in a uniquely human way is called the

answer

prefrontal cortex.

question

Which of the following is the most likely reason for adolescent impulsivity and risky behavior(s)?

answer

the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature

question

. How many hours of sleep do older adolescents require for optimal functioning?

answer

9 hours per night; they need to go to bed later and to sleep later in the morning.

question

According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is called the

answer

formal operational stage.

question

According to researchers, what is the percentage of high school seniors and eighth grade students, respectively, who have used marijuana in the past year?

answer

50%; 20%

question

Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them, are known as

answer

addictive drugs.

question

What percentage of college students report having an alcoholic drink in the past 30 days?

answer

75%

question

Approximately what percentage of high school seniors report having tried alcohol by the end of high school?

answer

75%

question

For men, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as

answer

5 or more drinks in one sitting.

question

For women, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as

answer

4 or more drinks in one sitting.

question

A person with alcohol problems who has learned to depend on alcohol and is unable to control his/her drinking is a(n)

answer

alcoholic.

question

According to the World Health Organization, how many of the world's people will die prematurely in the 21st century due to the effects of smoking?

answer

1 million

question

Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage of development around age

answer

12.

question

While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around 15 years of age, evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational thinking. Studies show that only _________ of college students and adults achieve formal operational thinking, and other estimates run as low as _________.

answer

40% to 60%; 25%.

question

The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred to as

answer

adolescent egocentrism.

question

Which of the following is a type of thinking that is evident in both early childhood and adolescence?

answer

egocentrism

question

The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else is called

answer

personal fable.

question

. Because independent measures of achievement, such as SAT scores, have not risen in the past decade, but overall grades in school have risen over the past decade, the most likely explanation for this is

answer

instructors have become more lenient, awarding higher grades for the same performance, known as "grade inflation."

question

Which of the following countries' students has the highest academic achievement in math and science in the world?

answer

Finland

question

Which of the following students is likely to demonstrate the greatest academic achievement?

answer

Asian American

question

What is a basic requirement of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?

answer

Every U.S. state must design and administer achievement tests that students must pass in order to graduate from high school.

question

What was the result of a study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation regarding instant messaging (IMing)?

answer

Young people spend an average of 6.5 hours a day with media.

question

While it is clear that the Internet is having an impact on education, schools should consider changing their curricula to include specific instruction in a key skill for deriving value from the Internet, specifically

answer

the ability to search, choose, and integrate information in order to create new knowledge.

question

The phenomenon known as the "digital divide" is

answer

the challenge involving socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity, where poorer adolescents and members of minority groups have less access to computers than more affluent adolescents.

question

What is the percentage of teenagers who experience major depression, in which their psychological disorder is such that the depression is severe and lingers for a long time?

answer

30%

question

The rate of adolescent suicide in the United States has _____ in the last 30 years.

answer

tripled

question

Why do adolescent boys succeed in committing suicide more often than adolescent girls?

answer

Boys tend to use more violent means, like guns, to attempt suicide.

question

Males only produce androgens, while females only produce estrogens.

answer

False

question

All young females begin menarche at exactly the same time.

answer

False

question

In poorer developing countries, menstruation begins earlier than in more economically advantaged countries.

answer

False

question

Over the past 100 years, girls in the United States and other cultures have been experiencing puberty at later ages.

answer

False

question

Menstruation is the only change in puberty for females.

answer

False

question

Boys' and girls' sexual maturation follows the same time course of development.

answer

False

question

The two extremes of nutritional disorders in teenagers are obesity and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

answer

True

question

While anorexia nervosa can be deadly, bulimia, although problematic for nutritional reasons, does not have the potential for death.

answer

False

question

Anorexia nervosa is only seen in adolescent girls.

answer

False

question

Anorexia nervosa is prevalent all over the world.

answer

False

question

The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed in a person until around his/her early 20s.

answer

True

question

Data over the past few years indicates that drug use overall, including marijuana use, has declined

answer

True

question

Male athletes are likely to demonstrate a lower percentage of alcohol consumption because of health reasons.

answer

False

question

Alcoholism has no genetic component.

answer

False

question

When U.S. students' math and science scores are compared to other students in the world, their math scores fall within the top third in the world.

answer

False

question

Adolescent boys report experiencing depression at approximately the same level as girls.

answer

False

question

The rate of adolescent suicide has tripled in the last 30 years.

answer

True

question

Adolescent boys commit suicide at a higher rate than girls; however, adolescent girls attempt suicide more often than boys.

answer

True

question

The influence of one's peers to conform to their behavior and attitudes is called peer pressure.

answer

True

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Psychology Social Exchange Theory Two Factor Theory Of Emotion

Social Psychology 11-13 – Flashcards 204 terms

Ben Powell

204 terms

Preview

Social Psychology 11-13 – Flashcards

question

Hatfield and her colleagues (1966) matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a Welcome Week dance. When the students were asked to evaluate their dates, what determined whether they liked each other?

answer

physical attractiveness

question

All of the following are examples of implicit egotism EXCEPT

answer

we want to name our children using family names.

question

You are a regular contributor to an Internet chat room. One day the other participants seem to ignore every comment you make. Research suggests you will likely

answer

experience stress and a depressed mood.

question

The contrast effect of feeling less attractive after viewing a super attractive person applies to our self-perceptions, especially for

answer

women

question

After learning about a former co-worker who recently passed away due to cancer, you call a loved one. This is an example of how reminders of death

answer

heighten our need to belong.

question

The tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner is referred to as

answer

disclosure reciprocity.

question

According to the text, the first step in scientifically studying romantic love is to

answer

define and measure it.

question

The relationship between our degree of self-awareness and our willingness to help is

answer

positive.

question

Social-exchange is a _______ theory, while social norms is a _______ theory.

answer

psychological; sociological

question

If victims seem to have created their own problems by laziness or lack of foresight, people are less willing to offer help. Helping responses are thus closely tied to

answer

attributions.

question

According to the social-exchange theory, the rewards that motivate helping are

answer

internal or external.

question

When faced with potentially dangerous situations where strangers need help,

answer

men help most.

question

According to the social-exchange theory, we use a _______ strategy in deciding when and whether to help others.

answer

minimax

question

Altruism is to _______ as egoism is to _______.

answer

another's welfare; one's own welfare

question

Attempting to explain one's own behavior situationally is a characteristic of

answer

both dilemmas

question

In a small group, as opposed to large ones, individuals are

answer

less likely to take more than their equal share

question

Ralph White reviewed ten wars from the last century and reported that each was marked by at least one misperception. Which of the following was NOT on this list?

answer

overestimating the leaders' power

question

When considering reactions to a common external threat, approval of President Bush's performance after September 11, 2001

answer

increased.

question

The U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 decision that racial diversity may be a criterion in admissions to colleges and universities was

answer

based on research findings that revealed that racial diversity in the classroom has positive consequences.

question

When both sides of a conflict believe "we are peace-loving - they are hostile," each may treat the other in ways that _____ expectations.

answer

confirm

question

According to Elliot Aronson, "as a relationship ripens toward greater intimacy, what becomes increasingly important is ___________."

answer

authenticity

question

In an experiment by Zajonc and his colleagues, participants were exposed to brief novel passages of music while they focused their attention on other tasks. Results indicated that mere exposure led to liking

answer

even when people were unaware of what they had been exposed to.

question

Kenrick and his colleagues (1989) found that to men who have recently been viewing a television show featuring three beautiful women, average women seem _______ attractive, confirming the _______.

answer

less; contrast effect

question

One national survey found that 86 percent of those who were unhappily married but who stayed with the marriage, were, when re-interviewed five years later,

answer

mostly "very" or "quite" happy.

question

Hatfield gave university women evaluations, affirming the self-esteem of some and wounding others with negative evaluations. Each participant was then asked to evaluate a man who had earlier asked her for a date. Women whose evaluations had been _______ expressed _______ the man.

answer

negative; more liking of

question

In a survey of college-age individuals, Buston and Emlen (2003) reported that the desire for _______ mates far outweighed the desire for _______ mates.

answer

similar; beautiful

question

Schafer and Keith (1980) conducted surveys of several hundred married couples and found that spouses who perceived inequity in their marriage felt more

answer

distressed and depressed.

question

Latané and Darley (1968) had university students complete questionnaires in a small room, and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working _______ tended to notice the smoke in _______.

answer

alone; less than five seconds.

question

In observing people's responses to staged emergencies, Darley and Latané (1970) found that _______ greatly decreased intervention.

answer

the presence of other bystanders

question

According to the text, the _______ of altruism propose(s) two types of prosocial behavior: a tit-for-tat reciprocal exchange and a more unconditional, intrinsic helpfulness.

answer

social norms, social-exchange, and evolutionary theories

question

The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines

answer

altruism

question

_______ are twice as likely as _______ to seek medical and psychiatric help.

answer

Women ; men

question

People are more likely to help another person if

answer

they expect to see them again.

question

Which of the following is an effective way to increase helping behavior?

answer

model prosocial behavior

question

According to Slavin (2003), a "practical, proven method for implementing contact theory in the desegregated classroom," is

answer

cooperative learning

question

According to Staub and Bar-Tal (2003) all of the following are characteristics of a group in intractable conflict EXCEPT the group that

answer

attributes similar characteristics to the other group.

question

Studies from eleven countries show adolescents have more positive peer relationships and may achieve more when working _____, rather than _____.

answer

cooperatively; competitively

question

_______ occurs when a neutral third party attempts to facilitate communication and offer suggestions for how to resolve a conflict.

answer

mediation

question

The misperceptions of those who are in conflict with each other, such as two nations who regard each other with suspicion and hostility, are usually

answer

mutual

question

Those involved in relationships marked by long-term equity

answer

are unconcerned with short-term equity.

question

_____ rank attractiveness as important in a mate, while _____ assign importance to honesty, humor, and dependability.

answer

Men; women

question

"Negative information carries more weight because being less usual, it grabs more attention." This statement is an example of the

answer

bad is stronger than good principle

question

Which group is most likely to report their lives as being "very happy"?

answer

those who are married

question

Melanie believes that her boyfriend enjoys far more benefits from their relationship than she does, even though she invests more time, effort, and resources. Clearly, Melanie believes that her relationship with her boyfriend lacks

answer

equity

question

You are asked to participate in a blood drive. In thinking about doing so, you weigh the costs (e.g., being pricked by a needle) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about yourself) of doing so. This strategy can be predicted by the

answer

social-exchange theory

question

In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation, Darley and Batson (1973) studied the helpfulness of Princeton seminarians in order to assess whether helping behavior was influenced by

answer

time pressures

question

Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behavior revealed that

answer

the person and the situation interact to predict helping.

question

Mr. Lemming's neighbors mowed his lawn, but he was too sick and weak to reciprocate. We can predict that Mr. Lemming may feel

answer

demeaned because he cannot reciprocate.

question

_____ were most closely associated with other forms of civic involvement, like voting, jury service, community projects, and giving to charity.

answer

Members in religious groups

question

The idea that altruism towards one's close relatives enhances the survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as

answer

kin selection

question

Latané and Darley attempted to explain people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese, a woman who was violently attacked, in terms of

answer

situational influences

question

Mio (1993) and her colleagues found that after reading about the commons dilemma, theater patrons

answer

littered less

question

Peace us defined as

answer

the outcome of creatively managed conflict

question

Sato (1987) gave Japanese students opportunities to harvest trees in a simulated forest for money. When the students equally shared the costs of planting the forest, the result was that

answer

most of the trees were harvested before they had grown to the most profitable size.

question

Studies from eleven countries show adolescents have more positive peer relationships and may achieve more when working _____, rather than _____.

answer

cooperatively; competitively

question

In the Prisoner's Dilemma, if both prisoners confess, each will get a _______; if neither confesses, each will _______.

answer

moderate sentence; get a light sentence

question

If you are new in the office and want to make new friends, your best bet is to get a desk

answer

near where people hang out

question

Each year Canada and the United States record _____ divorce/s for every _____ marriage/s.

answer

1;2

question

Social ostracism evokes a brain response similar to that triggered by

answer

physical pain

question

Darley and Berscheid (1967) gave university women ambiguous information about two other women. Asked how much they liked these people, the participants reported feeling more attracted to the person whom they

answer

expected they would eventually meet

question

Which is NOT one of the three ways people cope with a failing relationship, according to Rusbult and her colleagues?

answer

denial, denying the problem exists

question

Mary, a talkative, extraverted young woman, is strongly attracted to Shane, a quiet, introverted, middle-aged man. Mary's attraction to Shane would be predicted by the

answer

complementarity hypothesis

question

Which of your friends is most likely to report a preference for a mate who is homely and warm over one who is attractive and cold?

answer

your best friend Carol

question

According to the text, an attribution of an uncontrollable predicament (such as a family crisis or natural disaster) is likely to encourage _______ to help.

answer

political conservatives

question

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

answer

the bystander effect

question

A person who is intensely self-focused in profound grief would

answer

be less likely to help others

question

Which of the following statements is NOT true? As the number of bystanders at an emergency increases, any given bystander is

answer

less likely to walk away

question

Helping _______ a bad mood and _______ a good mood.

answer

softens;sustains

question

Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is

answer

gene survival

question

Gurin and her colleagues (2002) found that informal interactions enabled by ethnic diversity in college classrooms

answer

tend to foster greater acceptance of difference among ethnic groups

question

_______ occurs when conflicted parties seek an agreement through direct negotiation.

answer

bargaining

question

What do self-serving biases, group polarization, and negative stereotypes have in common?

answer

They are potential seed of misperception

question

One aspect of mirror-image perception is that one side tends to

answer

exaggerate its differences from its adversaries

question

According to Phinney (1990), someone who identifies with both his or her ethnic culture and the larger culture is said to have a _______ identity.

answer

bicultural

question

Which of the following is cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

answer

communication

question

In Rubin's research, "strong-love" couples differed from "weak-love" couples in that they

answer

gazed more into each other's eyes

question

Kalick (1977) had Harvard students indicate their impressions of eight women, judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery, and found that

answer

post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable.

question

Which statement is NOT true?

answer

Humans in only some cultures use ostracism to regulate behavior.

question

According to the text, the relationship between the extent to which we are in love with someone and how physically attractive we find that person to be is

answer

positive

question

Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates

answer

will most likely become friends

question

University students were more willing to make a charity pledge when

answer

it was for someone who had bought them candy

question

Myers suggests that there are a number of reasons why individuals who live in big cities tend to be less helpful. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

answer

They become cold and uncaring after living in a city

question

Batson believes that true altruism does exist in feelings of sympathy and compassion for others. Which is NOT an example of genuine altruism?

answer

Helping others by giving to a charity that supports an issue we think is really important

question

Darley and Batson (1973) gave Princeton seminary students time to think about a talk that they were about to have recorded, and then sent them to the recording studio. Participants who had been _______ were most likely to stop and offer aid to a "victim" they encountered en route to the recording studio.

answer

given extra time to reach the studio

question

Which one of the following is an example of a non-zero-sum game?

answer

both the Prisoner's and Commons Dilemmas

question

In order for contact between opposing racial groups to reduce conflict, the contact must

answer

be structured to confer equal status on both races.

question

Conflict is defined as

answer

perceived incompatibility of actions of goals.

question

In times of tension, such as during an international crisis,

answer

views of the opposing side become more simplistic.

question

A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions is the definition of

answer

A need to belong

question

Williams and his colleagues (2001) found that when ostracized during an online Frisbee-like game, players were _______ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.

answer

somewhat likely

question

Research indicates that friendships and romantic relationships that form on the Internet are more likely than in-person relationships to

answer

last at least two years

question

Seven in ten infants exhibit _______ attachment.

answer

secure

question

In terms of adult attachment styles, _______ individuals seem to be possessive and jealous, while _______ individuals are less invested in relationships and more likely to leave them.

answer

preoccupied; dismissive

question

You were walking down the street with your friend Sabrina when she stopped to ask a child why he was crying. The boy said that he was lost, so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to help the child find his way home. Sabrina's behavior can be characterized by

answer

altruism

question

The notion of egoism maintains that

answer

self-interest motivates all behavior.

question

When faced with potentially dangerous situations where strangers need help,

answer

men help most

question

A major weakness of the social-exchange theory is that it

answer

easily degenerates into explaining-by-naming

question

We tend to help more often when

answer

we have just observed someone else helping.

question

According to the evolutionary theory, genetic selfishness predisposes us to helping based on

answer

reciprocity

question

In the commons dilemma, people often consume more than they realize when

answer

resources are not partitioned

question

One potential way to prevent conflict is to

answer

avoid making excess regulations.

question

If an attorney creates a Prisoner-like Dilemma for two suspects, the attorney's goal is to

answer

create an incentive for both of them to confess privately.

question

Esses and his colleagues (2004) found that competition breeds conflict when

answer

people perceive that resources are limited and available on a non-zero-sum basis.

question

When considering reactions to a common external threat, approval of President Bush's performance after September 11, 2001

answer

increased.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the four C's of peacemaking identified in the text?

answer

correction

question

Paula has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone. All else being equal, is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door, with Kristy who lives two doors down, with Beth who lives three doors down, or with Heidi who lives in the room directly above hers?

answer

Joni

question

Which theory provides the best explanation for the effects of proximity, similarity, and attractiveness on liking?

answer

reward theory

question

Studies on computer composites of faces show that

answer

perfectly average is quite attractive.

question

When we have no strong feelings about a product or person ______ increases sales and votes.

answer

repetition

question

We like people with whom we associate good feelings. This fact is consistent with the ___________ theory of attraction.

answer

reward

question

Which one of the following is NOT one of the ways that Myers suggests to increase social altruism?

answer

learn about egoism

question

In McMillen and Austin's research (1971), participants who had lied were more likely to

answer

volunteer a large amount of time

question

answer

social-exchange theory

question

As Sherif noted, despite the fact that the competitive behavior of the boys in the warring camps seemed "wicked, disturbed, and vicious," what actually triggered their evil behavior was

answer

an evil situation

question

David and Julie fought over what to name their new puppy, until finally they went to their children for a decision. David and Julie relied on _______ to resolve their conflict.

answer

arbitration

question

In order for contact between opposing racial groups to reduce conflict, the contact must

answer

be structured to confer equal status on both races

question

In order for contact between opposing racial groups to reduce conflict, the contact must

answer

competition between the groups was introduced

question

What does your text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice?

answer

"Whoever has the gold makes the rules."

question

Mediators seek to establish _______ agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit.

answer

integrative

question

Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

answer

competition

question

_______ occurs when a neutral third party studies a conflict and imposes a settlement.

answer

Arbitration

question

The communitarian synthesis emphasizes

answer

both individualist and collectivist values

question

In both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma, people are tempted to explain their own behavior _______ and others' behavior _______.

answer

situationally; dispositionally

question

What principle or concept suggests that rewarding people for their helpfulness may, in the long run, undermine their self-motivated altruism?

answer

the overjustification effect

question

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

answer

the bystander effect

question

A person who is intensely self-focused in profound grief would

answer

be less likely to help others.

question

Solomon and Solomon (1978) found that bystanders who _______ were more likely to offer aid to a person.

answer

identified themselves to one another by name and age

question

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _______ others present.

answer

question

Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter, Sharon weighs the costs (e.g., getting up at dawn) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about herself) of doing so. This strategy can be predicted by the

answer

social-exchange theory.

question

Miller and his colleagues (2001) reported that we are more empathic and helpful towards those who are _______ us.

answer

similar to

question

In research conducted at the University of Warsaw, Lewicki (1985) asked students to choose which person in two photographs looked friendlier. Lewicki found that their choices were almost always influenced by whether or not the photographs

answer

reminded them of friendly or unfriendly experimenters.

question

When two sides have clashing perceptions, at least one of them is misperceiving the other, and when that is the case, according to Bronfenbrenner (1961), "It is characteristic of such images that they are _______."

answer

self-confirming

question

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic that conflict expert Deutsch (1993) advises negotiators to exhibit?

answer

sympathy

question

A goal that overrides people's differences from one another is called a(n)

answer

superordinate goal.

question

John believes that he is hardworking and that his wife Rachel is lazy. Rachel believes that she is hardworking and that John is lazy. This is an example of

answer

mirror-image perception.

question

Before they married, Melinda and Michael, who are both employed full time and collect the same pay, agreed to share equally in routine household tasks such as cleaning and grocery shopping. In reality, Melinda is now doing about 80 percent of the household work. This situation is an example of

answer

an inequitable relationship.

question

When Bush called Iraq "evil" in the buildup to the invasion, he was making which common misperception?

answer

demonizing the enemy

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Darley and Latané's decision tree?

answer

weighing the costs and benefits of helping

question

Pedestrians who are more likely to help another pedestrian pick up a dropped envelope are those who

answer

just had their photograph taken.

question

Social-exchange is a _______ theory, while social norms is a _______ theory.

answer

psychological; sociological

question

The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as

answer

the social-exchange theory.

question

Williams and his colleagues (2001) found that when ostracized during an online Frisbee-like game, players were _______ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.

answer

somewhat likely

question

_______ includes strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor.

answer

Ingratiation

question

When benefits are proportional to contributions in a relationship,

answer

equity exists.

question

The tendency for opposites to mate or marry

answer

has never been reliably demonstrated.

question

Self-disclosure involves

answer

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

question

Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle. Rodney rides it 75 percent of the time. This would be an example of

answer

an inequitable relationship.

question

Triandis (1994) reported that _______ immigrants felt more comfortable identifying with their ethnicity than _______ immigrants.

answer

grandchildren of; second-generation

question

Which of the following statements is NOT true? As the number of bystanders at an emergency increases, any given bystander is

answer

less likely to walk away.

question

Pedestrians who are more likely to help another pedestrian pick up a dropped envelope are those who

answer

just had their photograph taken.

question

The network of traits that predisposes a person to be helpful are all of the following EXCEPT

answer

high in awareness.

question

Studies of the effects of mood on helping suggest that adults who feel _______ are more likely than those in a neutral control condition to help.

answer

guilty

question

In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. What percentage of participants who were alone offered help?

answer

70 percent

question

Which of the following is an effective way to increase helping behavior?

answer

model prosocial behavior

question

The advice to continue having romantic dinners, trips to the theatre, and vacations once married would most probably be offered by the

answer

reward theory of attraction.

question

Spouses are more likely than random paired people to share common attitudes, beliefs, and values. The _____ the similarity the _____ they are.

answer

greater; happier

question

Which of the following proverbs is clearly NOT supported by the research findings?

answer

"opposites attract."

question

What you find is attractive depends on

answer

what you are comparing it to.

question

The opposite of altruism is

answer

egoism

question

Who of the following is LEAST likely to help an injured pedestrian?

answer

Ivan, who is five minutes late for a committee meeting.

question

Which statement tends NOT to be true, related to misperceptions in conflict?

answer

There are no issues related to "bias blind spots."

question

Which of the following is cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

answer

communication

question

Motto and Yoko are roommates and are experiencing a conflict about what type of cable television service is within their budget. They negotiate by having Yoko, who wanted a more expensive service, pay the remainder of the bill after both of them have paid for half of the cost of the less expensive service. What form of communication did Motto and Yoko use to resolve their conflict?

answer

bargaining

question

Through the use of _______, Muzafer Sherif made boy camper enemies into friends.

answer

superordinate goals

question

In a non-zero-sum game

answer

both can win and both can lose

question

According to the text, which characteristic is NOT true of people who usually stay married?

answer

They cohabited or became pregnant before marriage.

question

We like people with whom we associate good feelings. This fact is consistent with the ___________ theory of attraction.

answer

reward

question

The relationship between mimicry and rapport is

answer

positive

question

An example of implicit egotism is our tendency to

answer

like the familiar

question

Darley and Latané described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?

answer

assessing the victim's desire for help

question

According to the text, the social responsibility norm gets selectively applied according to which one of the following principles?

answer

Give people what they deserve.

question

Some noncapitalist cultures define justice not as equity but as

answer

either equality or the fulfillment of a need.

question

According to research, it seems that just knowing about the dire consequences of noncooperation in a social dilemma

answer

has little real effect on people's behavior.

question

When volunteers in a research experiment spent time with strangers in self-disclosing conversations, they felt

answer

remarkably close to their partners.

question

Which adult attachment style is marked by individuals being less invested in relationships and more likely to engage in one-night stands?

answer

dismissive

question

Rosalinda, who is attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status, marries Jorge, who is also attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status. Their relationship is best understood as an example of

answer

the matching phenomenon.

question

In studies at the University of Maryland, Clark and Mills found that tit-for-tat exchanges _______ people's liking for each other when _______.

answer

diminished; they sought true friendship

question

Which of the following techniques should elementary schoolteachers use if they hope to promote enduring altruistic tendencies in students?

answer

Show them films of heroes who risked their own welfare to help others.

question

Which is NOT one of the reasons that affect us as to when we will help others?

answer

avoiding eye contact

question

Group conflicts are often fueled by an illusion that top leaders are _____ and their people are _____.

answer

evil; good

question

Which statement is NOT true? Win-lose competition _____

answer

will usually have a negative outcome.

question

The smaller the group, the more

answer

responsibility each person feels for it.

question

At the beginning of 2000, people were aware that global warming was already occurring, yet they were also buying gas-slurping SUVs in record numbers. This is an example of

answer

how knowing good does not always lead to doing good.

question

What do self-serving biases, group polarization, and negative stereotypes have in common?

answer

They are potential seeds of misperception.

question

Desegregation could be expected to have poor results when contacts were competitive, unsupported by authorities, and unequal. Contact should be _____

answer

equal in status

question

Which one of the following is NOT one of the seeds of misperception, according to your text?

answer

reduced competition

question

For Blacks, the most noticeable consequence of desegregated schooling is

answer

the increased likelihood of living and working in integrated settings.

question

According to the text, individuals who identify as _______ in terms of spiritual commitment are most likely to report working among the poor, infirm, or elderly.

answer

highly committed

question

DeBruine (2002) found that when students played an interactive game with a supposed other player, participants were _______ when the other person's pictured faced had some features of their own face morphed into it.

answer

more trusting and more generous

question

Which of the following statements is NOT true? As the number of bystanders at an emergency increases, any given bystander is

answer

less likely to walk away

question

There are many ways to increase helping behaviors in people. Which is NOT one of the ways identified in the chapter?

answer

Guilt-laden people don't tend to help others.

question

After Mr. Walters' neighbor helped him paint his house, Mr. Walters felt obligated to offer to help the neighbor remodel his kitchen. Mr. Walters' sense of obligation most likely resulted from the

answer

reciprocity norm

question

In a study by executives who were asked to describe a recent conflict, Thomas and Pondy (1977) found that 12 percent described the opposing party as _______ and 74 percent perceived themselves as _______.

answer

cooperative; cooperative

question

In order for contact between opposing racial groups to reduce conflict, the contact must

answer

be structured to confer equal status on both races.

question

Review of desegregation situations show that sometimes increased contact improves racial attitudes and sometimes it does not, especially when there is

answer

anxiety or perceived threat.

question

Knowing that one's group has over-benefited can trigger

answer

devaluation of others' inputs.

question

Simpson, Campbell, and Berscheid (1986) suspected that the rising divorce rate over the past 20 to 30 years is at least partly due to the

answer

growing importance of romantic love in people's lives.

question

Anticipatory liking-expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible-increases the chance of

answer

forming a rewarding relationship.

question

A stranger rides the same bus you do to school every day. According to the mere exposure effect, as the days pass you will come to view the stranger

answer

more favorably

question

In real life, which of the following parallels the tragedy of the commons?

answer

pollution of rivers and streams

question

Factory workers want a pay rate of $15 per hour, and management offers $12 per hour. After weeks of conflict, they agree to have a third party set the pay scale. After hearing both sides, the third party sets the rate at $14. This is an example of resolving conflict through

answer

arbitration.

question

Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler. She is most likely to give money if

answer

she just had her picture taken

question

Researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation, there is more success with requests for contributions when they are

answer

small

question

Kenrick and his colleagues (1989) found that to men who have recently been viewing a television show featuring three beautiful women, average women seem _______ attractive, confirming the _______.

answer

less; contrast effect

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Psychology

HD Final- Chapter 11 – Flashcards 27 terms

Jamie Hutchinson

27 terms

Preview

HD Final- Chapter 11 – Flashcards

question

1. Social phobia is most likely to be diagnosed in women around age

answer

question

2. Aggressive young adults

answer

rated themselves as quite conscientious

question

3. Forms of recreation that risk causing injury or death, and are attractive and thrilling as a result, are referred to as

answer

extreme sports

question

4. Personality patters of adults are affected by

answer

cultural norms, social context, and genetic continuity

question

5. Which of the following may be a destructive risk common in emerging adulthood?

answer

driving fast w/o a seatbelt, abusing drugs, and carrying a loaded gun

question

6. Most people over the age of 65 think that premarital sex is

answer

wrong

question

7. What % of emerging adults has at least one sexually transmitted infection?

answer

50%

question

8. A commonality among intimate relationships is that they

answer

progress from attraction, to close connection, to ongoing commitment

question

9. According to your text, what % of young adults in the U.S. rated their health as good, very good, or excellent?

answer

95%

question

10. The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's prejudices is

answer

stereotype threat

question

11. The leading cause of death for young men in South Africa is

answer

AIDs

question

12. By what age does the immune system fight off just about everything (sniffles—cancer )

answer

Age 20

question

13. U.S. Census data confirm that a college degree adds about how much $ per year to a worker's salary?

answer

$20,000

question

14. A longitudinal study found that students at 4-year colleges were more likely to be involved in ______ than were students at 2-year colleges?

answer

extra-curricular activities

question

15. The idea that each of us enlarges our understanding, our experiences, and our resources through our intimate relationships is known as

answer

self-expansion

question

16. College trends indicate that

answer

more girls than boys attend college

question

17. What disorder is characterized by having irrational thoughts, delusions, ad hullucinations?

answer

Schizophrenia

question

18. Historically, most couple had their 1st child as teenagers, whereas now most women are having their first child at age

answer

question

19. Erikson's 5th stage of development, identity vs. role confusion, starts in adolescence and is completed

answer

later during adulthood

question

20. The period of emerging adulthood occurs between _____ years old?

answer

18-25

question

21. Living with a romantic partner before marrying

answer

cohabitation

question

22. Establishing higher learning institutions and encouraging college enrollment could benefit everyone leading to increases in the # of college students

answer

massification

question

23. 1 male in every 100 (age 15-25) dies through

answer

suicide, homicide, or a motor-vehicle accident

question

24. Use form analysis to learn science, distill principles, develop arguments, and resolve the world's problems

answer

post-formal thinkers

question

25. What % of all U.S. marriages were officially counted as interethnic?

answer

15%

question

26. Having so many options makes a thoughtful choice difficult—Regret after making a choice is more likely

answer

choice overload

question

27. Lives in which the success, health, & well-being of each family member are connected to those of other members

answer

linked lives

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Introductory Psychology Positive Symptoms Of Schizophrenia Psychology

Psych-Test 4 – Flashcards 50 terms

Jacob Herring

50 terms

Preview

Psych-Test 4 – Flashcards

question

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was ________.

answer

EXORCISM

question

What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?

answer

BYSTANDER EFFECT

question

Close, friendly groups usually work well together, but they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called _______.

answer

GROUPTHINK

question

What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanation of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation?

answer

FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR

question

Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)?

answer

THOSE WHO GOT $1 TO PERFORM BORING TASK SAID THE TASK WAS MORE INTERESTING THAN THOSE WHO GOT $20

question

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?

answer

DOPAMINE, SEROTONIN, AND NOREPINEPHRINE

question

Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from ______.

answer

COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES

question

Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR?

answer

PERSONALITY DISORDERS

question

People with ______ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

answer

PERSONALITY

question

During his college years, Jacob often experienced episodes of intense fear accompanied by the physical sensations of a heart attack. Jacob might have experienced a ______ disorder while in college.

answer

PANIC

question

"I adore the girl next door." This phrase refers to what rule of attraction?

answer

PROXIMITY

question

The ____ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of these.

answer

BIOLOGICAL

question

The Robber's Cave experiment showed that ______.

answer

INTERDEPENDENCE IN SOLVING CRISES TOGETHER REDUCES US-THEM HOSTILITY

question

We tend to _____ attractive people more than we do less attractive people.

answer

question

Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?

answer

JARED, WHO ENJOYS STEALING CARS AND GOING FOR JOY RIDESAROUND HIS NEIGHBORHOOD

question

Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashback, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from _______.

answer

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

question

The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from _____.

answer

DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE

question

Vince has always believed children deserve the best prenatal care available. During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express very negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. When it is his turn to speak, he voices and opinion more in keeping with the previous speakers. Vince's behavior is an example of _______.

answer

CONFORMITY

question

As Carol and ken are leaving for a trip, Carol repeatedly asks Ken, "Did we turn off the coffee pot?" For the entire trip, Carol worries about the coffee pot. Carol's doubt about turning off the pot is a(n) ______.

answer

OBSESSION

question

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered ______.

answer

MALADAPTIVE

question

As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more that she will get fat. In addition to a preoccupation with food she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from _______.

answer

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

question

Prejudice is a(n) _____, whereas discrimination is a(n) ____.

answer

ATTITUDE; BEHAVIOR

question

Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of ___ phobias.

answer

SOCIAL

question

Which communicator would most likely be the most persuasive?

answer

AN ATTRACTIVE PERSON WHO IS AN EXPERT

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of attitudes?

answer

GOALS

question

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore; he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like _____.

answer

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

question

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thought seem to be going fast, similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing _____.

answer

A MANIC EPISODE

question

Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is _____.

answer

UNRELATED TO ANY REALISTIC, KNOWN SOURCE

question

Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies?

answer

ONE CONFEDERATE GAVE A DIFFERENT RESPONSE THAN THE MAJORITY

question

A dealer persuades a customer to buy a new car by reducing the price to well below that of his competitors. Once the customer has agreed to buy the car, the terms of the sale are shifted by lowering the value of the trade-in and requiring the purchase of expensive extra equipment. Now the car costs well above the current market rate. This is an example of the ____ technique.

answer

LOWBALL

question

Which of the following qualities would make members of a target audience easier to persuade?

answer

YOUNGER MEMBERS

question

People who exert less effort on a task when working in a group than they do when working individually are engaging in _____.

answer

SOCIAL LOAFING

question

Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n) _____.

answer

DELUSION

question

In what way is compliance different from conformity?

answer

COMPLIANCE IS A RESPONSE TO A DIRECT REQUEST; WHEREAS CONFORMITY IS A RESPONSE TO INDIRECT SOCIAL PRESSURE.

question

The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ____.

answer

TESTOSTERONE

question

Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes___.

answer

PHYSICAL DISORDERS THAT AFFECT A PERSON'S PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT

question

All of the following are causes for groupthink EXCEPT______.

answer

OPENNESS TO DEFFERING OPINIONS

question

What is the primacy effect as it relates to impression formation, more commonly known as?

answer

FIRST IMPRESSION

question

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was ____.

answer

CAUSED BY IMBALANCES OF VITAL BODY FLUIDS

question

You get a free sample of a new cereal in the mail. The company hopes you will try the cereal and then fell obligated to buy it. What term do psychologists use to describe this phenomenon?

answer

NORM OF RECIPROCITY

question

Dave believes all college professors are irritable, impatient, and uninterested in whether students learn. His belief is an example of ____.

answer

A STEREOTYPE

question

When the expectations of one person bring about the expected behavior in another person, the expectation has become a(n) ____.

answer

SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

question

A local car insurance company advertises their products with television commercials. During those spots, there are flashy lights, attractive dancers wearing skin-tight outfits, and local celebs talking about how they have that company's insurance. The advertisement does not, however, mention any of the features or costs associated with the product. This company is attempting to earn customers through which path of processing?

answer

PERIPHERAL-ROUTE

question

Imagine 100 individuals are asked to take part in a replication of Milgram's famous study on obedience. How are these 100 people likely to respond?

answer

THE MAJORITY WOULD ADMINISTER 450 VOLTS AS INSRUCTED

question

A person asks if you would volunteer to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the ___ technique.

answer

DOOR-IN-THE-FACE

question

The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ____.

answer

REPRESSED THOUGHTS, MEMORIES, AND CONCERNS

question

Which type of love is defined as passion only?

answer

INFATUATION

question

What is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching?

answer

SOCIAL FACILITATION

question

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from ____.

answer

SCHIZOPHRENIA

question

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

answer

AN EXCESS OR DISTORTION OF NORMAL FUNCTIONS

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Psychology Quid Pro Quo Sexual Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment

Adolescence Final – Flashcards 72 terms

Lesly Nixon

72 terms

Preview

Adolescence Final – Flashcards

question

Senator Gorson makes the case to his colleagues that there should be national legislation mandating parental consent for adolescent girls' abortions. He calls abortion a "medically dangerous procedure" and one that will "scar these young women for life". Research on his statements would seem to indicate that Senator Gorson is A. correct about the medical risk; research has shown that abortion is medically dangerous. B. correct about the psychological risks; girls who have had abortions are at high risk for depression. C. incorrect on both positions; first trimester abortion is medically safe and a study of girls who had abortions showed they had a decrease in anxiety. D. incorrect about the medical risk, but correct about the psychological risk.

answer

C. incorrect on both positions; first trimester abortion is medically safe and a study of girls who had abortions showed they had a decrease in anxiety.

question

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' sources of sexual information is NOT true? A. Male adolescents are more likely to talk to their fathers about sex than their mothers. B. Adolescents get information about sex from the Internet. C. Female adolescents are more likely to have conversations about sex with their mothers than with their fathers. D. Many parents are uncomfortable talking about sex with their adolescents.

answer

A. Male adolescents are more likely to talk to their fathers about sex than their mothers.

question

Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to romanticize sexuality? A. Kurt, age 13. B. Nadia, age 16. C. Julia, age 19. D. All of them are likely to romanticize sexuality equally.

answer

B. Nadia, age 16.

question

Adolescents in the United Sates are less likely than their counterparts in Canada to: A. have access to a comprehensive sex-education program in school. B. have access to reproductive health services. C. be provided with free contraceptives. D. all of these.

answer

D. all of these.

question

Which of the following statements regarding abstinence-only sex education programs is TRUE? A. They delay the onset of sexual intercourse. B. They reduce HIV-risk behavior. C. They do not delay the onset of sexual intercourse. D. They are preferred by the majority of parents.

answer

C. They do not delay the onset of sexual intercourse.

question

Reviews of recent research have found that Latino adolescents were less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior when: A. their fathers talked to them about the possible negative consequences of sex. B. their mothers talked to them about the possible negative consequences of sex. C. their grandmothers or older aunts talked to them about the possible negative consequences of sex. D. they were confined to their homes after school and on weekends.

answer

B. their mothers talked to them about the possible negative consequences of sex.

question

Obtaining information about adolescent sexuality has been difficult because: A. those with conservative sexual attitudes are less likely to respond to sexual surveys than those with more liberal attitudes. B. some people refuse to answer questions about sex asked by a stranger. C. some people give socially acceptable answers rather than truthful answers. D. all of these.

answer

D. all of these.

question

Liz engages in oral sex with her boyfriend Trevor. Which of the following statements regarding beliefs about oral sex is Liz MOST likely to hold? A. Oral sex has no health risks. B. Oral sex is safer than sexual intercourse. C. Oral sex is not really sex. D. All of these

answer

D. All of these

question

A recent study showed that college women who ______ made more responsible decisions regarding sexuality than women who did not engage in this behavior. A. attended weekly religious services. B. volunteered in their communities at least five hours per week. C. had a prior STI. D. frequently set personal goals.

answer

D. frequently set personal goals.

question

Which of the following statements regarding sexual activity and gender is NOT true? A. Adolescent females are less likely than males to report sexual intercourse as an enjoyable experience. B. Adolescent males are more likely than adolescent females to be sexually active. C. Adolescent males are less likely than adolescent females to report sexual intercourse as an enjoyable experience. D. Adolescent males are more likely than adolescent females to engage in sexual intercourse.

answer

C. Adolescent males are less likely than adolescent females to report sexual intercourse as an enjoyable experience.

question

Anna is a 24-year-old woman who is pregnant with her first baby. Her neighbor, Trish, is 16 and pregnant with her first child. Which of the following is most likely to be TRUE of these women? A. Anna is more likely than Trisha to be receiving prenatal care. B. Anna is more likely than Trisha to have a premature birth. C. Trisha's baby is likely to weigh more than Anna's baby. D. Both mothers will be equally competent caregivers for their babies.

answer

A. Anna is more likely than Trisha to be receiving prenatal care.

question

Which of the following was a finding from several research studies of adolescents who watched sexually explicit TV shows? A. There was a link between the amount of time adolescents watched sexually explicit TV and initiation of dating. B. There was a link between the amount of time adolescents watched sexually explicit TV and the initiation of sexual intercourse C. shows were less likely to endorse sexual stereotypes than adolescents who did not watch these shows. D. None of these was a finding.

answer

B. There was a link between the amount of time adolescents watched sexually explicit TV and the initiation of sexual intercourse

question

The potential for abuse is highest in cults that: are physically and socially isolated from the outside community.

answer

are physically and socially isolated from the outside community.

question

Marcy believes that self-regulation, rather than abstract reasoning, is the key to positive moral development. Which of the following theorists shared Marcy's view? Albert Bandura

answer

Albert Bandura

question

Researchers have found that having a religious affiliation is linked to: all of these

answer

all of these

question

Which of the following statements regarding religion and parenting is NOT true? Adolescents who have a positive relationship with their parents are more likely to seek a religion that is different from their parents' religion.

answer

Adolescents who have a positive relationship with their parents are more likely to seek a religion that is different from their parents' religion.

question

Research has found that moral children have parents who do all EXCEPT: foster an external sense of morality.

answer

foster an external sense of morality.

question

Which of the following statements regarding moral behavior is NOT true? Adolescents are likely to display consistent moral behavior in diverse social settings.

answer

Adolescents are likely to display consistent moral behavior in diverse social settings

question

Margaret's parents refuse to talk to her if she displeases them in any way. They tell her younger brother that Margaret is a big disappointment to them if she gets any grade below a B. Margaret's parents are using which of the following discipline techniques? love withdrawl

answer

love withdrawl

question

Jordan says that he wants to make as much money as he can after college so that he can retire at age 45. He plans to "save every dime" that is not needed for his basic living expenses. David says that he wants to earn a decent salary but that he is more interested in using some of his earnings to travel and meet interesting people. Jordan and David have different values about money

answer

values about money

question

Katie's parents know that their daughter will inevitably be confronted by peers who want to offer her alcohol or drugs. They spend time talking with her about how to resist these harmful situations, and they even role-play with her to increase her skills. Katie's parents are engaging in which type of parenting strategy? pre-arming

answer

pre-arming

question

Mr. Hale has his tenth-grade honors English class tutor younger children in reading and writing. Mr. Hale's students are engaged in: service learning

answer

service learning

question

What differences exist between Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theories of moral development? Kohlberg postulated an ethic of justice; Gilligan postulated an ethic of care.

answer

Kohlberg postulated an ethic of justice; Gilligan postulated an ethic of care.

question

The key concept in understanding Kohlberg's theory of moral development is: internalization

answer

internalization

question

Romantic relationships and _____ predicted an increase in depressive symptoms in girls. A. co-rumination B. secure attachment to parents C. lack of female friends D. poor grades in school

answer

A. co-rumination

question

Being rejected or overlooked by peers can lead some adolescents to: A. become closer to their parents. B. be vulnerable to cult recruiters. C. feel lonely or hostile. D. become closer to their siblings.

answer

C. feel lonely or hostile.

question

Debra's parents have a high level of marital conflict. According to research, as an emerging adult, Debra is likely to have romantic relationships that are: A. stable. B. warm and nurturing. C. superficial. D. conflicted.

answer

D. conflicted.

question

Lisa lives with her boyfriend, Jeff. According to recent research, Lisa is more at risk for _____ than her married counterparts. A. depression B. partner violence C. alcoholism D. eating disorders

answer

B. partner violence

question

Which of the following statements regarding child and adolescent groups is NOT true? A. Adolescent groups are more mixed or heterogeneous than children's groups. B. Opposite-sex participation in social groups decreases in adolescence. C. Adolescent groups are more formalized than children's groups. D. Rules are more well-defined in adolescent groups than in children's groups.

answer

B. Opposite-sex participation in social groups decreases in adolescence.

question

Tony has not adjusted well to the peer group at his new school. When another boy accidentally bumps into Tony at a school dance, Tony will be MOST likely to: A. ignore the bump and continue talking to the chaperone who has befriended him. B. aggressively attack the other boy because he assumes that he was bumped on purpose. C. verbally lash out, but he won't be physically aggressive. D. ask those around him if he was bumped on purpose.

answer

B. aggressively attack the other boy because he assumes that he was bumped on purpose.

question

Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to assume a leadership role on the student council? A. Jeremy, an African-American boy B. Sarah, a middle class White girl C. John, a low socioeconomic class Latino boy D. Marcus, a lower socioeconomic class White boy

answer

B. Sarah, a middle class White girl

question

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of divorce? A. Andrea, a 43-year-old lawyer who has been married for 12 years B. Connie, a 19-year-old high school graduate who has been married for a year C. Joel, a 26-year-old youth minister who has been married for two years D. Harry, a 40-year-old physician whose parents divorced when he was 25 years old

answer

B. Connie, a 19-year-old high school graduate who has been married for a year

question

Reputation-based crowds often appear first during: A. late childhood. B. early adolescence. C. late adolescence. D. emerging adulthood.

answer

B. early adolescence.

question

Which of the following statements regarding single adults is TRUE? A. Over a thirty-year period there has been a dramatic decrease in the number of single adults in the United States. B. Single people experience much less stress than married people. C. There are few advantages to being single. D. Singles are frequently stereotyped as "swinging" or "desperate."

answer

D. Singles are frequently stereotyped as "swinging" or "desperate."

question

Megan has a problem with her boyfriend's intense jealousy. She and her friends talk constantly about her problem, focusing on nothing else. According to research, this co-rumination is likely to result in A. resolution of the problem for Megan. B. decrease in positive friendship quality with her friends. C. an increase in depressive symptoms for Megan. D. all of these.

answer

C. an increase in depressive symptoms for Megan.

question

Lydia is a sexually active lesbian adolescent. Which of the following is probably TRUE for Lydia? A. She has had sex with boys before a same-sex encounter. B. Her initial same-sex encounter was with a casual acquaintance. C. She is in love with her current partner. D. She is open with her parents about her romantic life.

answer

A. She has had sex with boys before a same-sex encounter.

question

Which of the following statements regarding parental involvement in adolescents' schooling is TRUE? A. Most parents are fairly knowledgeable about normal adolescent development. B. Parents and teachers usually get to know each other well at the high-school level. C. Parents need to receive better information about curricular choices. D. Parents' involvement needs to decrease by the time their children are in high school.

answer

C. Parents need to receive better information about curricular choices.

question

Jamie has a reading disability. Which of the following approaches to learning would experts recommend for Jamie? A. self-paced learning B. direct instruction C. peer-tutored D. computer-assisted

answer

B. direct instruction

question

Which of the following students is most likely to be a bully? A. Skyler, who has average grades and is fairly popular. B. Donald, who drinks alcohol and has some mild depressive symptoms. C. Evie, who is shy and socially withdrawn from her peers. D. Lisa, who is an honor student but suffers from anxiety.

answer

B. Donald, who drinks alcohol and has some mild depressive symptoms.

question

In Mr. Durgan's U.S. history class, students work in teams to explore, research, and present a topic to the class. They can choose from a list of topics or propose a topic to the teacher for approval. Mr. Durgan serves as their guide and mentor for the project. This is an example of: A. the constructivist approach to learning. B. the jigsaw classroom. C. direct instruction. D. an open education approach.

answer

A. the constructivist approach to learning

question

Mrs. Grundy, a superintendent of schools, wants to implement strategies that will decrease the dropout rate in her district. According to research, what should Mrs. Grundy concentrate on FIRST? A. Early detection and remediation of children's learning difficulties. B. Allowing adolescents to have shorter school days so that they can work and contribute financially to their families. C. Developing comprehensive sex-education programs to decrease teen pregnancy rates. D. Developing more exciting curricula so that students won't drop out from boredom.

answer

A. Early detection and remediation of children's learning difficulties.

question

Mr. Root has clear classroom rules but students are so busy being absorbed in learning that he rarely has to enforce a rule. As a result, his students are: A. more likely to be motivated. B. less likely to develop academic problems. c. less likely to develop emotional problems. d. all of these.

answer

A. more likely to be motivated.

question

The largest group of U.S. students to receive special education is children with: A. mental retardation. B. emotional problems. C. learning disabilities. D. speech and language impairments.

answer

C. learning disabilities.

question

The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because: A. students have less independence than they did in elementary school. B. students have to shift to a team-oriented approach. C. students have too many subjects from which to select their courses. D. many changes are taking place at the same time.

answer

D. many changes are taking place at the same time.

question

The reason most frequently given for stress and depression among college students is: A. living away from home. B. having too many assignments and too little time to complete them. C. fear of failing in a success-oriented world. D. pressure from parents to get good grades.

answer

C. fear of failing in a success-oriented world.

question

Which of the following statements regarding the direct approach to learning is NOT true? A. It is a student-centered approach. B. It is a teacher-centered approach. C. It is a passive approach. D. It emphasizes time on academic tasks.

answer

A. It is a student-centered approach.

question

Which of the following characteristics must be present for a diagnosis of ADHD? A. obsessions and compulsions B. phobias C. anxiety D. inattention

answer

D. inattention

question

A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored for children or adolescents with a disability is called: A. an inclusion plan. B. a mainstreaming plan. C. a child-centered plan. D. an individual education plan.

answer

D. an individual education plan.

question

Professor Daube teaches Theories of Personality. He has his students analyze the song lyrics of famous songwriters, past and present, and see if they can determine the writers' specific personality traits based on their writings. According to research, Professor Daube's students should _____ than students who are taught Theories of Personality by lectures only. A. be more cognitively engaged with their learning B. learn less C. be less motivated D. none of these

answer

A. be more cognitively engaged with their learning

question

Christine wants to be a nursery-school teacher. While still in high school, she takes a class through which she works part of each day at the day-care center her school operates for the children of students, teachers, and staff. Christine is participating in: A. a vocational class. B. a paid internship. C. theory-to-practice class. D. none of these.

answer

A. a vocational class.

question

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents and part-time work is NOT true? A. Adolescents who spend 20 hours or more each week at work spend less time with their peers. B. Adolescents who work spend less time with their families. C. Adolescents who work long hours are more frequent users of alcohol and marijuana. D. Tenth-graders who worked more than 14 hours a week suffered a drop in grades.

answer

A. Adolescents who spend 20 hours or more each week at work spend less time with their peers.

question

In which of the following domains would an adolescent be expected to form an identity FIRST? A. lifestyle B. religious C. vocational D. political

answer

C. vocational

question

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents and achievement? A. Adolescence is a critical juncture in achievement. B. As demands on adolescents intensify, different areas of their lives may come into conflict. C. Adolescents' achievement is mainly due to their intellectual abilities. D. New academic and social pressures force adolescents toward different roles.

answer

C. Adolescents' achievement is mainly due to their intellectual abilities.

question

Stephanie's biology class had to go to the computer and follow a set of directions that guided them through the steps that a surgeon would use to do open-heart surgery. While most of her classmates thought it was a fun assignment. Stephanie says, "I'm horrible at these computer simulations," even though she has done them in other classes and done well. Stephanie is showing a A. phobia about the human body. B. helpless orientation. C. negative orientation. D. fear of computers.

answer

B. helpless orientation.

question

Whitney gets an A- on her science test on ecology. She studied for several afternoons with a group of classmates and she says that the test was difficult but fair. Whitney's explanation for her good test grade is an example of: A. an external attribution. B. an internal attribution. C. a cognitive belief. D. a behavioral attribution.

answer

B. an internal attribution.

question

Career development is related to _____ in adolescents and emerging adults. A. high stress levels B. high levels of anxiety C. identity development D. self-esteem

answer

C. identity development

question

Which of the following statements regarding college students and work is TRUE? A. As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school. B. Most colleges try to reserve some sections of classes for working students to make scheduling easier for these students. C. Most colleges restrict the number of hours that students can work and still remain in good standing. D. All of these are true.

answer

A. As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school.

question

Claudia is a 23-year-old emerging adult. Her transition from school to work is most strongly influenced by her: A. geographic location. B. level of education. C. ethnic background. D. personality.

answer

B. level of education.

question

A student who has not yet made a commitment to a career but is still exploring options is in: A. identity diffusion. B. identity moratorium. C. identity foreclosure. D. identity achievement.

answer

B. identity moratorium.

question

Liam does not have as high an IQ as his twin brother, but Liam persists at his tasks and has confidence that he will be able to solve life's problems. According to research, we can predict A. Liam will not be as successful as his intellectually brighter twin. B. Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns. C. Liam will probably give up easily and thus end up being a low achiever. D. None of these.

answer

B. Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns.

question

Researchers in the field of developmental psychopathology seek to establish links between: A. nature and nurture. B. early precursors of a problem and later outcomes. C. late signs of a problem and prognosis. D. none of these.

answer

B. early precursors of a problem and later outcomes.

question

The four problems that affect the largest number of adolescents are sexual problems, juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, and: A. eating disorders. B. self-injurious behaviors. C. depression. D. school-related problems.

answer

D. school-related problems.

question

Kiptyn takes a drug that increases his heart rate, breathing rate, and temperature. He has a feeling of energy and elevated mood on this drug. Kiptyn is probably taking: A. a stimulant. B. a hallucinogen. C. marijuana. D. alcohol.

answer

A. a stimulant.

question

Violent youth tend to be males who come from: A. poverty-infested areas of inner cities. B. rural areas where there is nothing to do. C. poor areas of suburbs. D. entitled backgrounds.

answer

A. poverty-infested areas of inner cities.

question

Kathy's parents use alcohol quite a bit. After they get home from work, they drink steadily all evening and, although she has never seen her parents drunk, they don't spend much time interacting with each other or the children. According to research, Kathy is at risk for: A. drinking heavily herself. B. depression. C. social isolation. D. becoming angry with her peers who drink.

answer

A. drinking heavily herself.

question

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of taking drugs by age 12? A. Erica, age 9, whose parents insist that she attend Sunday School each week. B. Jesse, age 11, who is an honor roll student in grade 6. C. Pauline, who is rejected by most of her peers at school. D. Maura, whose parents monitor her very closely.

answer

C. Pauline, who is rejected by most of her peers at school.

question

Jake, age 14, has a long history of setting small fires, torturing kittens, skipping school and fighting with his peers. His parents have sought counseling for him, as they cannot control him and fear that his behavior is getting worse. Jake meets the criteria for a diagnosis of: A. antisocial personality disorder. B. oppositional-defiant disorder. C. conduct disorder. D. sociopathic personality disorder.

answer

C. conduct disorder.

question

Hannah, age 22, suffers from an anxiety disorder that requires her to take anti-anxiety medication in order to function at her job and in her personal life. Hannah has which of the following problems? A. an externalizing problem B. an internalizing problem C. a latent problem D. an acute problem

answer

B. an internalizing problem

question

Adolescent researcher Joy Dryfoos has identified three common components of successful programs for preventing or reducing adolescent problems: early identification and intervention, individualized attention, and: A. mandatory psychotherapy, either individual or family. B. concurrent programs for parents and/or guardians. C. community-wide, multiagency, collaborative programs. D. the appointment of a case manager who will coordinate all of the needed services.

answer

C. community-wide, multiagency, collaborative programs.

question

The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatment are: A. feelings of sadness or depression. B. feelings of anxiety. C. eating disorders. D. self-injurious behaviors.

answer

A. feelings of sadness or depression.

question

Dr. Vengrove believes that the cause of his adolescent client's depression is a lack of serotonin in her brain; he prescribes an anti-depressant drug to treat her depression. Dr. Vengrove is using the _____ approach to adolescent problems. A. psychological B. social C. biological D. holistic

answer

C. biological

question

Which of the following is a protective factor against developing a cigarette smoking habit? A. participation in interscholastic sports B. having mothers who smoke C. beginning smoking at age 12 D. none of these

answer

A. participation in interscholastic sports

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Dopamine And Serotonin The Brain

Ch 12 pre-test – Flashcards 25 terms

Amber Moore

25 terms

Preview

Ch 12 pre-test – Flashcards

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

answer

Over activity in the subcortical dopamine areas of the brain

question

The DSM-V contains all of the following EXCEPT

answer

A description of how to perform such procedures as tee panning to treat the disorders

question

___ is the most commonly diagnosed mood disorder

answer

Major depression

question

How many categories or axes of disorders are represented in the DSM-5

answer

question

There are ___ different categories of recognized types of personality disorders in the DSM-V

answer

Three

question

During the Middle Ages, mental disorders were thought to be caused by

answer

Spirit possession

question

The frequency of ____ personality disorder in women is nearly two to three times greater than in men, leading researchers to believe that hormonal influences, childhood experiences with incest or drug abuse, and a poor mother-infant relationship can cause the disorder

answer

Borderline

question

____ is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.

answer

Seasonal affective disorder

question

Sever depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causal factor is called

answer

Major depression

question

The study of abnormal behavior is called

answer

Psychopathology

question

____ is a cycle of moderate mood swings (from sad to elated) that are chronic and usually last two years or more

answer

Cyclothymia

question

An irrational and often persistent fear of an object, situation, or activity is called

answer

A phobia

question

The term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which the person with the disorder was nurtured in order to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder is

answer

Cultural relativity

question

An ongoing disorder lasting six months or longer in which a person has a feeling of dread and impending doom with the physical symptoms of stress is

answer

Generalized anxiety disorder

question

The term ____ means that the person is unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy and has disturbances in thinking, emotions, and behavior.

answer

Psychotic

question

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia appear to reflect a decrease of normal functions such as

answer

Display of appropriate emotions and ability to focus

question

Marlena said, "I didn't get into the sorority I wanted and my life is ruined." This would be an indicator of abnormal behavior according to the ____ model

answer

Cognitive

question

Maria is a college student and is generally anxious. She cannot identify any one thing in particular that is bothersome but feels anxious most of the time. Maria is exhibiting

answer

Free-floating anxiety

question

Matthew, a psychology major, is worried that he and his family have the mental disorders he is reading about. Matthew is experiencing

answer

Psychology student's syndrome

question

____ is when a person believes that his or her behavior must be perfect or the result will be a total failure

answer

All-or-nothing

question

With regard to psychological evaluation, a person who finds it difficult to function on a day-to-day basis may be displaying _____ behaviors

answer

Maladaptive

question

Henry complains to his therapist that he thinks people are listening in on his phone conversations and spying on him. Once his therapist learns that he is in the witness protection program, it helps him explain the ____ of his behavior

answer

Situational context

question

This is apparent when there is a sudden onset of intense panic in which there can be multiple physical symptoms of stress occurring.

answer

A panic attack

question

In the ____ model, abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences.

answer

Biopsychosocial

question

The ___ model explains disordered behavior as the result of repressing one's threatening thoughts, memories, and concerns in the unconscious mind.

answer

Psychodynamic

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Psychology Social Problem Solving

Adolescent Psyc Exam 3 – Flashcards 60 terms

Oscar Hall

60 terms

Preview

Adolescent Psyc Exam 3 – Flashcards

question

Adolescents who say that crowd membership is not that important to them are called

answer

Independents

question

Which of the following statements regarding conformity to peer pressure has recent research found to be TRUE?

answer

Social identity uncertainly is linked to peer conformity

question

Yvonne's friend tells her that her new sweater is "like an old-lady sweater - not cool." Yvonne is angry, but she does not explode. She says "I like it," and walks into her class. Yvonne is demonstrating

answer

Emotional self-regulation

question

Alex is described as "shy" by his peers; he has a low rate of interaction with peers. Alex is likely to be classified as a ___ child

answer

Neglected

question

Being rejected or overlooked by peers can lead some adolescents to

answer

Feel lonely or hostile

question

Robert openly talks to his male friends about his problems at work. Robert's self-disclosure is likely to be met with

answer

Disapproval

question

Nikki "hangs out" every day and some of the time on weekends with four other girls. They enjoy each others company and share a love of scrapbooking. Nikki is a part of a

answer

Clique

question

Haley and Andrew, both age 12, are "going out." They eat lunch together every day, sit together on the bus, and meet at the weekly school dance. This early relationship helps them to

answer

Do all of these

question

Conformity to peers peaks in grades

answer

Eight to nine

question

Social-skills training programs have been generally most successful with individuals who are

answer

Age 10 and under

question

The best predictor of whether rejected children engage in delinquent behavior or drop out of school later, during adolescence is

answer

Aggression towards peers in elementary school

question

Lydia is a sexually active lesbian adolescent. Which of the following is probably TRUE for Lydia?

answer

She has had sex with boys before a same-sex encounter

question

Mr. Root has clear classroom rules but students are so busy being absorbed in learning that he rarely has to enforce a rule. As a result, his students are

answer

More likely to be motivated

question

Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in some domain and/or

answer

Have an above-normal average IQ by late adolescence

question

David, age seven, has been diagnosed with ADHD. All of the following are probably true for David EXCEPT

answer

He will outgrow his condition by late adolescence

question

The reason most frequently given for stress and depression among college students is

answer

Fear of failing in a success-oriented world

question

Ross' parents have routines for meals, chores, recreation, homework, and bedtimes. As a result, Ross is likely to

answer

Have few school problems

question

The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because

answer

Many changes are taking place at the same time

question

Which of the following teacher traits is most strongly associated with higher student achievement?

answer

Positive teacher expectations

question

Which of the following statements regarding gifted adolescents is NOT true?

answer

They have a high degree of external motivation

question

Experts increasingly advocate that criteria for admission to programs for the gifted should be broadened to include such factors as

answer

Commitment

question

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be bullied?

answer

Peter, a somewhat anxious and withdrawn sixth grader

question

Ms. Robbins, a high-school guidance counselor, tells Anita, a Latina adolescent, that she should plan to go away to college. Anita is most likely to

answer

Want to stay close to home, due to family responsibilities

question

Which of the following students is most likely to be a bully?

answer

Donald, who drinks alcohol and has some mild depressive symptoms

question

Leah, age 15, has no idea what she wants to do with her life. She's told to "study hard" but she does not have a long-term goal for life. Which of the following questions would be helpful in getting Leah to focus on her purpose in life?

answer

"What's most important in your life?"

question

Rewards and punishments are ___ in adolescent's motivation

answer

Extrinsic

question

Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is TRUE?

answer

All of these are true

question

Mrs. Hynes meets with Devon to discuss his low grade in her class. Educational psychologists recommend getting adolescents to attribute their poor performance to internal factors. Which of the following statements by Devon would indicate to Mrs. Hynes that he has this concept?

answer

"I am working too many hours at my job and I have not been putting in the time to study."

question

Being a good planner means all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Setting low-level goals

question

Career development is related to ___ in adolescents and emerging adults

answer

Identity development

question

Otis is controlling and he can sometimes be mean. He says, "This is me; take it or leave it. I'm not able to change." According to Carol Dweck, Otis

answer

Has a fixed mindset

question

Elena, a college junior, has gradually been increasing her hours at her job. According to research, Elena may

answer

See a decrease in her grades

question

A group of teachers agree to stay with a volunteer group of students from their sophomore through their senior years as part of a pilot program designed to see if being with the same teacher for three years will benefit students. Research shows that

answer

Students who feel cared for are able to develop competencies

question

Claudia is a 23-year-old emerging adult. Her transition from school to work is most strongly influenced by her

answer

Level of education

question

Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all ___ in adolescent's motivation

answer

Intrinsic factors

question

Liam does not have as high an IQ as his twin brother, but Liam persists at his tasks and has confidence that he will be able to solve life's problems. According to research, we can predict

answer

Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns

question

Television viewing and video game playing often peak during

answer

Early adolescence

question

Recent research shows that in many families around the world today, children are likely to be reared

answer

In a manner that combines individualistic and collectivist ways

question

Karen, age 26, and her 4-year-old daughter, Meghan, are involved in an antipoverty program that provides Karen with job-skills training and provides free preschool for Meghan. This is an example of a

answer

Two-generation intervention

question

Reed comes from a low-SES background. He is consistently on the honor roll and has been offered a scholarship to a local college. Which of the following factors is MOST likely to have contributed to his success?

answer

Parental support and sacrifice

question

Which of the following statements regarding gender and culture is NOT true?

answer

In most cultures, the experiences of males and females are becoming more alike

question

Individualistic cultures have higher rates than collectivist cultures of

answer

All of these

question

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Evaluation of two-generation interventions to alleviate poverty have shown that they

answer

Have more of an effect on the parent than on the child

question

Ethnicity is based on all of the following EXCEPT

answer

SES

question

Debbie and Ron are lower-SES parents. Which of the following is probably TRUE of their parenting?

answer

They use more physical punishment when disciplining their children than higher-SES parents do

question

Researchers have found a negative association between the amount of time children watch TV and their

answer

Reading ability

question

Which of the following countries is best described as individualistic?

answer

The Netherlands

question

Recent research indicates that the most effective treatment for adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa is

answer

Family therapy

question

Which of the following is a protective factor against developing a cigarette smoking habit?

answer

Participation in interscholastic sports

question

Criminal acts, whether committed by a juvenile or an adult, are known as

answer

Index offenses

question

Which of the following statements regarding coping strategies is NOT true?

answer

Emotion-focused coping works better than problem-focused coping

question

What differences exist between bulimics and anorexics?

answer

Bulimics typically fall within a normal weight; anorexics are underweight

question

Researchers in the field of developmental psychopathology seek to establish links between

answer

Early precursors of a problem and later outcomes

question

Which of the following is the BEST way to treat depression in adolescence?

answer

A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication

question

Which of the following is NOT an externalizing problem?

answer

Depression

question

Peers and ___ influences are believed to be especially important factors in adolescent problems

answer

Family

question

The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatment are

answer

Feelings of sadness or depression

question

Violent youth tend to be males who come from

answer

Poverty-infested areas of inner cities

question

answer

Biological

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Playing Video Games Psychology Weight Set Point

Chapter 9 Eating disorders correction – Flashcards 97 terms

Ben Stevenson

97 terms

Preview

Chapter 9 Eating disorders correction – Flashcards

question

A person who was receiving the best and most current treatment for an eating disorder would receive treatment designed to:

answer

deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused them

question

The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia would make following cognitive treatment is:

answer

I expect to feel fat because of my illness

question

Research on the aftermath of anorexia nervosa shows that

answer

the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about recovery from anorexia?

answer

Anorectic behavior recurs in about one third of recovered patients

question

What is a likely long term consequence of anorexia?

answer

continuing concern about weight and appearance

question

For which of the following individuals is recovery from anorexia MOST likely?

answer

someone who is a teenager rather than a young adult

question

Relapses of bulimia are MOST likely to occur following:

answer

life stresses

question

Relase of ulimia is MORE likely, based on the person's

answer

development of a pattern of frequent vomiting

question

Hilde Bruch developed a psychodynamic theory for eating disorder. Using this theory, give three examples how an eating disorder may develop. Also, include a

answer

cognitive explanation of eating disorder

question

The emphasis on female thinness helps create a strong predisposition toward eating disorders due to

answer

societal pressures

question

According to Salvador Minuchin, A_ family patern is one in which membersare overinvolved in each other affairs

answer

enmeshed

question

____ is a therapy program conducted in a hospital ward that emphasizes educating anoreic patients, encouraging them, and providing structured program for weight gain

answer

Supportive nursing care

question

In the therapy approach called___, a therapist exposes a bulimic patient to binge-inducing stimuli and the prevents binge eating

answer

exposure and response prevention

question

___ medication has been shown to be particularly effective with bulima nervosa

answer

Antidepressant

question

The ritualistic behaviors surrounding food that are characterisitc of anorexia nervosa are similar to

answer

obsessive compulsive disorder

question

The cessation of menstruation common to anorexic women is know as

answer

amemnorrhea

question

Overeating and vomitting caracterize

answer

bulimia nervosa binge/purge anorexia nervosa

question

Those that have bulimia nervosa may have between___ and binge episodes per week

answer

1;30

question

Kidney disease and heart damage are possible medical complications of long term

answer

bulimia nervosa

question

The function in the body of glucagonlike peptide 1 is to act as natural

answer

appetite suppressants

question

The weight to which a persons body naturally returns after a diet s know as his or her

answer

...

question

If you wanted to supprt the company MOST known for combating eating disorders by using more typically

answer

Dove

question

One difference betwwen the eating disorders and other disorders to:

answer

the recovered person often misses his or her symptoms

question

The disorder characterized by low body weight and a disturbed body image is called___

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

Anorexia nervosa that is characterized exclusivelly by controlling the intake of food is called___ anorexia nervosa

answer

restriciting type

question

An emaciated woman who perceives herself as too fat illustrates

answer

distorted thinking

question

A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period, repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:

answer

a binge-eating disorder.

question

Characteristics of anorexia nervosa include all the following EXCEPT

answer

a view that one is currently unattractively thin.

question

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the relationship between gender and eating disorders?

answer

Most cases of eating disorders occur in females.

question

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is

answer

14-18. (

question

Which of the following is NOT true about anorexia nervosa?

answer

About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men

question

Although most victims recover from eating disorders, between ______ and ______ of them become so seriously ill that they die from medical problems or from suicide.

answer

2 percent; 6 percent

question

If a person says, ―I must be perfect in every way. I will be a better person if I deprive myself of food,‖ that person is engaging in:

answer

distorted thinking

question

What is the MOST common outcome for individuals with anorexia nervosa?

answer

recovery

question

In the 1940s, a group of volunteers was put on a semistarvation diet for six months. During the latter part of the study:

answer

the volunteers thought about food all the time

question

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:

answer

overestimate their body size.

question

Which of these characteristics is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa?

answer

body size overestimation

question

Which one of the following would be LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of one experiencing anorexia nervosa?

answer

a hesitancy to think and talk about food

question

Nonanorexic people who are placed on a starvation diet

answer

show many of the food preoccupations of anorexia nervosa

question

Which of the following psychological problems is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa?

answer

schizophrenia

question

If a friend were experiencing anorexia nervosa, you wouldn't be surprised to find that she was also experiencing all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a personality disorder.

question

The popular star whose death raised awareness of eating disorders was:

answer

Karen Carpenter

question

Anorexic individuals often show which of the following personality chracteristics?

answer

obsessions

question

Of the following, the psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is:

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

fever and high blood pressure.

question

Which of the following problems is common in anorexia nervosa?

answer

amenorrhea

question

All of the following are compensatory behaviors for someone with bulimia EXCEPT:

answer

preoccupation with food.

question

What appears to be the KEY factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge?

answer

minimal chewing with soft texture

question

People who binge:

answer

generally consume about 10,000 calories during a binge

question

Why is bulimia nervosa such a concern on college campuses?

answer

Female college students are at high risk for developing bulimia

question

Which of the following observations would NOT be consistent with what is usually characteristic of those diagnosed with bulimia nervosa?

answer

being 30 years old

question

Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from prebinge, through binge, to postbinge is BEST described in sequence as:

answer

tension, powerlessness, shame.

question

Vomiting as a compensatory behavior for those experiencing bulimia:

answer

ironically, leads to greater hunger and more frequent binges

question

Which of the following statements BEST describes the effects of compensatory behaviors bulimics use in controlling weight?

answer

Repeated vomiting affects one's ability to feel satiated.

question

A person experiencing bulimia nervosa feels a sense of relief after a bingeing-vomiting session. The person's behavior has been:

answer

negatively reinforced

question

Following a very low-calorie weight-loss program, participants would be at MOST risk for:

answer

bingeing

question

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder, one would MOST likely find that the patient:

answer

had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family

question

Where would one be MOST likely to see the words, ―Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels‖?

answer

on a pro-anorexia Web site

question

Which of the following statements would MOST likely be found on a pro-anorexia Web site?

answer

Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels

question

Someone who is experiencing bulimia is MORE likely to ______ than someone experiencing anorexia.

answer

display characteristics of a personality disorder

question

Which of the following is a medical condition MORE common in bulimia than anorexia?

answer

dental problems

question

Biggest Loser‖ contestants, if they are like the majority of obese people, are MOST likely:

answer

to not display binge eating disorder.

question

In which of the following disorders would you expect nearly equal numbers of men and women?

answer

binge eating disorder

question

How does binge eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa? There is no body image dissatisfaction. People who have binge eating disorder tend to

answer

There is less gender difference in the incidence rates

question

If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking a(n

answer

multidimensional perspective

question

According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following would characterize ineffective parents whose children are prone to eating disorders?

answer

They decide when the child is hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children

question

What does Hilde Bruch believe ineffective parents do that puts their children at risk for eating disorders?

answer

incorrectly interpret their children's needs

question

Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired rather than letting them nap, run the risk of producing children who:

answer

can't assess their own needs.

question

People with alexithymia are NOT readily able to:

answer

put descriptive labels on what they are feeling.

question

Compared to a person who is happy and self-confident, a person who is bored and depressed:

answer

is more likely to eat junk food

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of alexithymia?

answer

inability to describe one's feelings accurately

question

I have this vague sense that something isn't right, but I just can't describe it,‖ is a statement MOST likely said by someone experiencing:

answer

alexithymia.

question

People are MOST likely to eat junk food when they are experiencing:

answer

boredom.

question

In general, which of the following statements about feelings that trigger eating is TRUE?

answer

Positive emotions are less likely than negative emotions to trigger the eating of junk food.

question

Compared to the general public, people with eating disorders are MORE likely to:

answer

be depressed

question

The concordance rate for anorexia nervosa in identical twins is 70 percent. This means that:

answer

if your identical twin has anorexia, your chances of having it are 70 percent

question

―Depression and eating disorders are correlated.‖ What does this statement mean?

answer

People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed.

question

In which of the following cases are you MOST likely to develop an eating disorder?

answer

if you have an identical twin with anorexia

question

Serotonin levels are low in those with eating disorders and in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. This means that

answer

there is a relationship, but no evidence of causation.

question

If you are overweight, the development of which of the following is MOST likely to appeal to you?

answer

a way to safely increase GLP-1 in humans

question

Which of the following is the MOST accurate biological explanation for people who gain weight after losing it?

answer

The brain is trying to restore one to a weight set point

question

People's ―weight set point‖ is:

answer

the weight they are predisposed to maintain.

question

GLP-1:

answer

suppresses appetite.

question

Which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder?

answer

actors and certain athletes

question

Which of the following is MOST at risk for an eating disorder?

answer

a gymnast

question

If you are an overweight female teenager with an eating disorder, you are MORE likely than your peers to do all of the following EXCEPT spend more time:

answer

playing video games

question

Almost two-thirds of women athletes engage in self-destructive ways of controlling their weight. Which of

answer

taking diet pills

question

A recent study showed a positive correlation between the time spent on Facebook and the likelihood of experiencing an eating disorder among adolescent girls. This result showed that:

answer

exposure to media might be related to an increase in eating disorders

question

Which of the following conclusions about family patterns and eating disorders is MOST supported by systematic research?

answer

Families of those with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary widely

question

Current research on eating disorders is MOST consistent with which of the following statements?

answer

The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women—approaching rates found in white American women.

question

Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that ______ has/have a strong influence on body image.

answer

exposure to white U.S. culture

question

A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as ______ and the ideal female as ______.

answer

muscular; thin

question

Which of the following behaviors would be MOST likely to lead to a diagnosis of muscle dysmorphobia?

answer

A man who is muscular but does not see himself as he is and so continues to strive for a perfect body

question

Of the following, the MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is strong and fit yet does not see himself that way is:

answer

muscle dysmorphobia

question

Which of these disorders is LEAST likely to be found in women?

answer

muscle dysmorphia

question

A man with muscle dysmorphobia is MOST likely to:

answer

feel that he is scrawny, despite the fact that he is not

question

The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients:

answer

may become distrustful of the therapist and uncooperative with further treatment

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Interests And Abilities Psychology School Psychology Written Communication Skills

Adolescent Psychology Chapter 10 – Flashcards 68 terms

Karlie Mack

68 terms

Preview

Adolescent Psychology Chapter 10 – Flashcards

question

age when state laws required school attendance through the early teens (only 5% in 1890)

answer

age of adolescence

question

if economy is not industrialized, _ may be of limited use

answer

school based knowledge

question

19th century secondary school

answer

for wealthy males; broad liberal arts

question

1920 secondary school

answer

framework for American high schools as we know it today was established

question

mid 20th century secondary school

answer

expanding school population; curriculum expands to include family life, arts, music, PE

question

1980s secondary school

answer

back to basics movement (less leisure classes)

question

adolescents attending secondary school in developed countries

answer

virtually all

question

adolescents attending secondary school in developing countries

answer

about 50%

question

emerging adults attending college in developed countries

answer

50%

question

emerging adults attending college in developing countries

answer

10%

question

secondary education in USA, Canada, and Japan

answer

comprehensive high school

question

secondary education in Europe

answer

college prep, vocational school, professional school

question

earlier decision making about career directions

answer

european system

question

greater flexibility; but everyone in the same school/classes with widely divergent educational and occupational interests and abilities

answer

american system

question

north africa, sub-saharan africa, india, china, latin america

answer

developing countries

question

girls less likely to attend secondary school, rising enrollment rates for both genders, many schools poorly funded and overcrowded; wealthy can go to high quality private schools

answer

common themes in developing countries

question

key influence on academic performance

answer

country's level of economic development

question

less attachment to teachers and to the school as a whole; more diverse range of classes

answer

larger schools

question

less diversity in extracurricular activities, but students are more likely to participate; more likely to be placed in positions of leadership and responsibility

answer

smaller schools

question

ideal school size for adolescents

answer

500-1000

question

different types of school lengths

answer

6-3-6, 5-3-4, 8-4

question

best plan for self-esteem and student engagement

answer

8-4

question

teachers' increased emphasis on control is mismatched with early adolescents' increased abilities and desires for autonomy

answer

undermines motivation and self esteem

question

country that is often at or near the top in international comparisons of academic achievement

answer

japan

question

more school days a year, focus on rote learning and memorization, cultural beliefs-all children are capable of learning, national system of entrance exams to high school and college, "cram schools" after school or private tutoring

answer

Japan Schools

question

believe that ability matters more

answer

americans

question

believe that success or failure in school depends on effort

answer

asian countries

question

supportive and involved with students; warm; apply firm discipline when necessary, clear communication, high expectations for students' conduct and academic performance

answer

effective teachers

question

higher attendance, higher achievement test scores, lower rates of behavior problems, lower rates of depression

answer

effective students

question

the quality of being psychologically committed to learning

answer

engagement

question

school climate, family environments, peer relations, work and leisure patterns, cultural beliefs

answer

why adolescents are disengaged

question

related to adolescent's engagement in school and school success

answer

parental involvement in adolescent's education

question

parenting style with highest levels of engagement in school and school success

answer

authoritative parenting

question

parenting style with worst outcome

answer

neglectful parenting

question

positively correlated with adolescents' grades and achievement test scores and the highest level of education ultimately attained

answer

family ses

question

how consistently adolescents attend class, how much time they spend on hw, how hard they try in school, grades

answer

how friends' influence can be greater than parents' influence in high school

question

lower grades, less time on hw, more cutting class, more cheating, less committed, lower educational aspirations

answer

beyond the 10 hours a week the more adolescents work,

question

unstructured socializing is _ related to academic performance

answer

negatively

question

highest levels of academic achievement of any ethnic group

answer

asian americans

question

academic performance hierarchy

answer

asians, whites, african americans, latinos

question

academic performance, social class, parental expectations, friends' attitudes toward education, perception of prejudice and discrimination

answer

ethnic differences in high school

question

girls get higher grades, girls less likely to have learning disabilities, be held back a grade, drop out; girls more likely to attend college and graduate, girls tend to enjoy school environment more

answer

gender differences in high school

question

most common learning disability

answer

reading disorder

question

three diagnoses for learning disabilities

answer

reading, mathematics, disorder of written expression

question

boys twice as likely, african americans and latinos more likely, high risk for dropping out

answer

learning disabilities

question

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, restlessness, distractibility, boys are 4 times more likely to be diagnosed

answer

ADHD

question

partly inherited, environmental factors: prenatal period through childhood

answer

causes of adhd

question

adhd treatment

answer

combination of medication and behavioral therapy

question

upper/college-prep; general-average students; remedial/special education

answer

tracking system

question

all students are engaged in school work that is best suited to their varying levels of ability and achievement

answer

advocates of tracking

question

students in lower tracks get a second-rate education and continue to fall further behind

answer

critics of tracking

question

in 2010, only _ percent of young americans had no obtained a high school diploma or GED by the age of 24

answer

question

in all ethnic groups, except asians, _ are more likely that _ ato dropout

answer

males, females

question

history of school difficulties, dislikes school, aggressive personalities, learning disabilities, parents, substance use and psychological problems, unemployment

answer

what leads to dropouts

question

_ percent of recent high school graduates enter college

answer

question

_ percent of asian americans enter college

answer

question

_ percent of whites enter college

answer

question

_ percent of blacks and latinos enter college

answer

60%

question

nearly _ of students who enroll in a 4 year university drop out before getting a degree

answer

half

question

years to get a 4 year degree on average

answer

5-6

question

females are _ times as likely to major in education

answer

question

females are _ times as likely to major in psychology

answer

question

_ are more likely to major in computer science and engineering

answer

males

question

current undergrad female population

answer

58%

question

college subcultures

answer

collegiate, vocational, academic, rebel

question

dating, drinking, sports, campus fun

answer

collegiate

question

practical view of college; gain skills and degree; work 20-40 hours a week

answer

vocational

question

deeply engaged in ideas, but aggressively nonconformist

answer

rebel

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Introductory Psychology Psychology Self Defeating Thoughts

Psychology Test 4: Ch. 14 – Flashcards 61 terms

Jaxon Craft

61 terms

Preview

Psychology Test 4: Ch. 14 – Flashcards

question

During the middle ages, mental disorders were thought to be caused by _____.

answer

spirit possession

question

The term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which the person with the disorder was nurtured in order to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder is _____.

answer

cultural relativity

question

There are _____ different categories of recognized types of personality disorders in the DSM-IV-TR.

answer

three

question

_____ is the most commonly diagnosed mood disorder.

answer

major depression

question

Personality disorders are diagnosed in _____ of the DSM-IV-TR.

answer

axis II

question

_____ is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.

answer

seasonal affective disorder

question

The study of abnormal behavior is called _____.

answer

psychopathology

question

The frequency of _____ personality disorder in women is nearly 2-3 times greater than in men, leading researchers to believe that hormonal influences, childhood experiences with incest or drug abuse, and a poor mother-infant relationship can cause the disorder.

answer

borderline

question

_____ disorders involve a break in consciousness, memory, or a person's sense of identity.

answer

dissociative

question

Anorexia nervosa is a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of _____ below expected body weight occurs.

answer

15%

question

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causal factor is called _____.

answer

major depression

question

The term _____ means that the person is unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy and has disturbances in thinking, emotion, and behavior.

answer

psychotic

question

An irrational and often persistent fear of an object, situation, or activity is called _____.

answer

a phobia

question

The DSM-IV-TR contains a checklist of criteria to be met for the diagnosis of each disorder, the path of the progression of each disorder, a description of the symptoms of each disorder but does not contain _____.

answer

a description of how to perform such procedures as trepanning to treat the disorders

question

A man with a paralyzing fear of heights has become unable to go upstairs or ride in an elevator, is an example of _____.

answer

subjective discomfort

question

Matthew a psychology major, is worried that he and his family have the mental disorders he is reading about. Matthew is experiencing _____.

answer

psychology student syndrome

question

Maria is a college student and is generally anxious. She can not identify any one thing in particular that is bothersome but feels anxious most of the time. Maria is exhibiting _____.

answer

free-floating anxiety

question

Bill is extremely vain and winds up steering all conversations toward himself. When evaluating situations, he can only see how they affect him. Bill may have _____ personality disorder.

answer

narcissistic

question

A person who finds it difficult to function on a day-to-day basis may be displaying _____ behaviors.

answer

maladaptive

question

The _____ model explains disordered behavior as the result of repressing one's threatening thoughts, memories, and concerns in the unconscious mind.

answer

psychodynamic

question

In the _____ model, abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences.

answer

biopsychosocial

question

A _____ is apparent when there is a sudden onset of intense panic in which there can be multiple physical symptoms of stress occurring.

answer

panic attack

question

_____ is when a person believes that his or her behavior must be perfect or the result will be a total failure.

answer

all-or-nothing

question

The dissociative disorder that occurs when a person travels away from home and then cannot remember the trip or personal information such as identity is _____.

answer

dissociative fugue

question

The _____ theory explains dissociative disorders as the result of "thought avoidance" to avoid or decrease the pain of guilt, shame, or anxiety produced from disturbing thoughts and experiences.

answer

cognitive/behavioral

question

Some one who has difficulty forming social relationships, odd and eccentric behavior, and a tendency to magical beliefs would most likely be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

answer

schizotypal

question

Dissociative disorders are characterized by fugue experiences, blackouts, and at least two or more personalities that exist in one body, but is not characterized by _____.

answer

frequent panic attacks in crowded areas

question

An individual with _____ schizophrenia would display symptoms of bizarre, childish behavior, confused speech, vivid hallucinations, inappropriate of flat affect, and may neglect cleanliness.

answer

disorganized

question

Because the term schizophrenia literally means "split mind", it has often been confused with _____.

answer

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

question

_____ has been linked to a decrease in the size of the hippocampus in children with the disorder, causing long-term detrimental effects on learning and forming, declarative memories.

answer

question

In psychology terms, affect means _____.

answer

"emotion"

question

The _____ perspective is the perspective in which abnormal behavior (and normal behavior) is seen as the product of the learning and shaping of behavior within the context of the family, the social group to which one belongs, and the culture within which the family and social group exists.

answer

sociocultural

question

Scott believes that when he feels the sensation of his heart beating faster whenever he exercises, it means he's having a heart attack and that he's about to die. Scott therefore refuses to do any activities that would raise his heart rate, and has gained excessive weight. Scott's behavior would most likely be diagnosed as _____.

answer

maladaptive

question

One gender difference in personality disorders is that there are more _____.

answer

males diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and more females diagnosed with borderline personality disorder

question

One way to measure abnormality is to use _____, which is the social or environmental setting of a person's behavior.

answer

situational context

question

One of the symptoms of _____ schizophrenia is a behavior in which a person maintains an odd position, without moving, for hours on end.

answer

catatonic

question

The behaviorists model looks at disordered behavior as _____.

answer

learned

question

_____ are false beliefs about the world that a person holds and that tend to remain fixed and unshakable even in the face of evidence that disproves them.

answer

delusions

question

A man wakes up on a beach with no memory of how he got there, who he his, or any sense of identity whatsoever. The man would likely be diagnosed with _____.

answer

dissociative fugue

question

On the axis of the DSM-IV-TR, Axis V assesses _____.

answer

global assessment of functioning

question

Bulimia nervosa is a condition in which a person develops a cycle of binging on enormous amounts of food and then using inappropriate methods to prevent weight gain. _____ causes a person to binge even though he or she is worried about weight gain.

answer

prompts such as anxious mood, social stressors, or intense hunger after extreme diet attempts

question

answer

situational context

question

_____ are not an attribute of OCD but intruding thoughts, ritualistic behavior, and repetitive behavior are.

answer

hallucinations

question

Personality disorders are different from other psychological disorders in that personality disorders _____.

answer

affect the entire life adjustment of the person

question

Luca is a child who lived in New Orleans when Hurricane Katrina hit. Two years later, Luca woke up in the middle of the night with nightmares about the hurricane and has since been experiencing flashbacks, extreme anxiety, and he cannot concentrate in school. Luca would most likely diagnosed with _____.

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

question

Owen suffers from _____ personality disorder, causing him to believe that everyone is "out to get him", and he cannot maintain healthy relationships with girls because he is constantly jealous of any males they come in contact with.

answer

paranoid

question

An ongoing disorder lasting six months or longer in which a person has a feeling of dread and impending doom along with the physical symptoms of stress is _____.

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

A phobia which literally means "fear of the market place" is _____.

answer

agoraphobia

question

Scott experiences vast mood swings ranging from depression on one end of the spectrum to episodes when he feels euphoric and has so much energy that he can't sleep. Scott is suffering from _____.

answer

bipolar disorder

question

Trepanning _____.

answer

was done in ancient times in order to release "demons" and is still done today to relieve pressure fluids on the brain

question

Marlena said "I didn't get into the sorority I wanted and now my life is ruined." This would be an indicator of abnormal behavior according to the _____ model.

answer

cognitive

question

In 1952, the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published to help _____.

answer

psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

question

If Dr. Smith thinks Jacob's problems are on axis II of the DSM-IV-TR, Jacob must have _____.

answer

a personality disorder or mental retardation

question

_____ ,such as juvenile diabetes which affects a person's psychological well being, are listen on axis III.

answer

physical disorders

question

Barbara is very self-conscious around others because she's afraid of being evaluated in some negative way. Barbara may have _____.

answer

a social phobia

question

A racing heart, rapid breathing, a sensation of being "out of one's body", dulled hearing and vision, sweating, and dry mouth are all physical symtoms of _____.

answer

a panic attack

question

Mood disorders can result when _____.

answer

stress or some other factor pushes a person to one extreme emotion or another

question

_____ is a cycle of moderate mood swings (from sad to elated) that are chronic and usually last two years or more.

answer

cyclothymia

question

The fact that more severe mood disorders are not a reaction to some outside source of stress or anxiety but rather seem to come from within the person's own body, together with the tendency of mood disorders to appear in genetically related individuals at a higher rate, suggests that _____ plays a significant part in these disorders.

answer

heredity

question

A person in the manic phase is restless, unable to sit, has unlimited energy, euphoric without any real cause to be so happy, and has delusional plans but they are not _____.

answer

depressed for most of the day, feel tired, or take no pleasure in any activity

question

People with _____ are often moody, manipulative, and untrusting of others, and often display inappropriate and excessive behaviors.

answer

borderline personality disorder

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Health Psychology Major Life Events Psychology

AP Psychology Module 9 Exam – Flashcards 100 terms

Sean Mitchell

100 terms

Preview

AP Psychology Module 9 Exam – Flashcards

question

An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________. a) pressure b) hassles c) major life events d) catastrophes e) frustration

answer

a) pressure

question

________ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. a) Distress b) Acute stress c) Eustress d) Catastrophic stress e) Frustration

answer

a) Distress

question

People who respond to life events with a laid back, relaxed, easygoing attitude, and are slow to anger are said to have a ________ personality. a) Type A b) Type C c) Type B d) Type S e) Type W

answer

c) Type B

question

According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a) alarm phase b) resistance phase c) gathering phase d) exhaustion phase e) hoarding phase

answer

d) exhaustion phase

question

Linda's house was flooded in a hurricane. Upon losing her home, she had nightmares, disturbed sleep, and anxiety that lasted about two weeks. Linda most likely suffered from ________. a) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) b) catastrophic stress c) acute stress disorder d) external locus of control e) stress disorder

answer

c) acute stress disorder

question

Coping strategies can be either ________ -focused or ________ -focused in nature. a) problem; emotion b) physiological; spiritual c) internally; externally d) distress; eustress e) situation; environment

answer

a) problem; emotion

question

Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ________ personality. a) Type B b) Type C c) hardy d) stressed e) Type S

answer

c) hardy

question

Gloria is a tax accountant who is very busy from January to April 15, which is the tax return filing deadline. She feels that she must work very long hours during this time to meet the April 15 deadline for all of her clients. Gloria is experiencing ________. a) frustration b) pressure c) cognitive dissonance d) anxiety e) social loafing

answer

b) pressure

question

________ psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships and overall health and rates of illness. a) Medicinal d) Developmental c) Health d) Physiological e) Biomedical

answer

c) Health

question

Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome? a) Hans Selye b) Lazarus c) Berkowitz d) Holmes and Rahe e) Beck

answer

a) Hans Selye

question

For the past six months, Dahlia's job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and is behind in all of her classes. According to Hans Selye, Dahlia is in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a) alarm phase b) resistance phase c) gathering phase d) exhaustion phase e) hoarding phase

answer

question

Which of the following is a mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trance-like state of consciousness? a) biofeedback b) meditation c) relaxation response d) progressive relaxation e) breathing methods

answer

b) meditation

question

The Framingham Heart Study found that the risk of coronary heart disease ________. a) for women who work and are also Type A is no greater than that of Type B working women b) is greater for Type B women who work than Type A women who work c) is greater for Type A women who do not work than for Type B women who do work d) for women who work and are also Type A is four times that of Type B women who work e) is the same for Type B women who work than Type A women who work

answer

d) for women who work and are also Type A is four times that of Type B women who work

question

Research shows that ________ lowers blood pressure in adolescents and adults. a) implosive meditation b) concentrative meditation c) sensory deprivation d) sublimation e) identification

answer

b) concentrative meditation

question

________ occurs when a person is blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. a) pressure b) hassles c) major life events d) catastrophes e) frustration

answer

e) frustration

question

A person who thrives on stress but lacks the anger and hostility typical of some others who have the Type A personality is said to have a ________ personality. a) hardy b) optimistic c) Type B d) Type C e) happy

answer

a) hardy

question

Working a second job to pay off credit cards is an example of ________. a) reappraisal b) distraction c) emotion-focused coping d) problem-focused coping e) family-focused coping

answer

d) problem-focused coping

question

Desiring to purchase a book and finding it is out of stock is an example of a(n)________. a) internal conflict b) external frustration c) internal frustration d) indifferent frustration e) external conflict

answer

b) external frustration

question

________ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. a) Catastrophic stress b) Distress c) Acute stress d) Frustration e) Eustress

answer

b) Distress

question

The Type C behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________. a) mental illness b) cancer c) respiratory illnesses d) coronary heart disease e) acne

answer

b) cancer

question

Saleem has been seeing a therapist because she cannot adjust to her new husband's children from a previous marriage. Although she dearly loves her husband, she feels awkward and embarrassed in front of the children. The therapist suggests that she bring her husband and his children with her to the next session so she can see them interact. Saleem is probably seeing a ________. a) behavior therapist b) psychoanalyst c) Gestalt therapist d) cognitive therapist e) family therapist

answer

e) family therapist

question

A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ________ therapy. a) Gestalt b) group c) social d) informal e) drama

answer

b) group

question

Bob has been under a physician's care for bipolar disorder. Bob's doctor is most likely to prescribe which of the following to treat Bob's disorder? a) Prozac b) tricyclics c) Ritalin d) Adderall e) lithium

answer

e) lithium

question

A physician prescribes a drug to help alleviate your anxiety. Which drug might you be taking? a) Thorazine b) Elavil c) Valium d) Prozac e) Vitamin

answer

c) Valium

question

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating beliefs. She uses persuasion, confrontation, arguments, and even homework assignments to challenge those beliefs. She is probably a ________ therapist. a) rational-emotive b) biomedical c) group d) family e) psychoanalytic

answer

a) rational-emotive

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group therapy? a) It allows the therapist to see how the client interacts with others. b) It often allows group members to help one another learn new social skills. c) The client must share the therapist's time. d) The therapist is the only person to whom secrets are revealed. e) The client feels supported by others in the group.

answer

c) The client must share the therapist's time.

question

Azdah's teenage son fails his mathematics exam due to lack of studying. She immediately assumes that it is her fault. Azdah is engaging in ________. a) selective thinking b) personalization c) arbitrary inference d) overgeneralization e) depersonalization

answer

b) personalization

question

In general, antipsychotic drugs work by ________. a) inhibiting the reuptake process of serotonin b) blocking dopamine receptors in the brain c) blocking GABA receptors in the brain d) inhibiting the function of the hypothalamus e) increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain

answer

b) blocking dopamine receptors in the brain

question

Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of ________. a) somatoform disorders b) anxiety disorders c) schizophrenia d) personality disorders e) depression

answer

e) depression

question

Bob has been under a physician's care for depression. Although his symptoms have disappeared and he has suffered no major side effects, he has had to go on a severely restricted diet since his treatment began and be careful about eating certain smoked, fermented, or pickled foods, and drinking certain beverages. In addition, he needs to be careful about taking other medications due to a risk of severe high blood pressure. Bob's doctor has probably been treating him with ________. a) MAOI's b) Prozac c) lithium d) tricyclics e) sedatives

answer

a) MAOI's

question

A therapist is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior. This therapist is most likely to be a/an ________. a) insight therapist b) biomedical therapist c) action therapist d) relationship therapist e) physical therapist

answer

c) action therapist

question

John and his wife are having trouble communicating and getting along with one another. Which type of therapy is most likely to help them with their problems? a) informal b) self-help c) dynamic d) group e) individual

answer

d) group

question

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________. a) depression b) post-traumatic stress disorder c) schizophrenia d) DID e) GAD

answer

b) post-traumatic stress disorder

question

________ therapies have had considerable success in treating bedwetting, overeating, drug addictions, and phobic reactions. a) Behavior b) Biomedical c) Humanistic d) Psychoanalytic e) REBT

answer

a) Behavior

question

According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of ________. a) our behaviors b) other people's irrational beliefs c) our irrational beliefs d) the events that happen to us e) other people's behaviors

answer

c) our irrational beliefs

question

Which of the following is an advantage of self-help groups? a) They are free. b) They are facilitated by an experienced therapist who is familiar with the group members' problems. c) They are facilitated by a person who is not familiar with the members' problems. d) They provide access to needed medications. e) They help individuals one at a time.

answer

a) They are free.

question

A patient scheduled to have an operation called a bilateral cingulotomy may have which of the following diagnoses? a) panic disorder b) catatonic schizophrenia c) antisocial personality disorder d) bipolar disorder e) social phobia

answer

d) bipolar disorder

question

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ________. a) biomedical therapy b) physical therapy c) psychotherapy d) electroconvulsive shock therapy e) lobotomy

answer

a) biomedical therapy

question

Mary is an adolescent who currently has a small pimple on her cheek that is causing her to be overly self-conscious. She is convinced that everyone she meets stares at and talks about her pimple. Mary's behavior exhibits ________. a) a sense of idealism b) personal fable c) puberty d) menarche e) imaginary audience

answer

e) imaginary audience

question

Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many x-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer. What type of imaging technique is being used? a) computed tomography (CT) b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c) positron-emission tomography (PET) d) electroencephalography (EEG) e) positron emission test (PET)

answer

a) computed tomography (CT)

question

You are watching sleep researchers monitor the sleep of a normal adult. The participant is hooked up to an EEG. What brain waves would you observe as the person becomes drowsy and then enters the first stage of sleep? a) delta eventually replaced by theta b) delta eventually replaced by beta c) alpha eventually replaced by theta d) alpha eventually replaced by delta e) delta eventually replaced by beta

answer

question

Question 42 (Worth 1 points) Ward notices that as his supply of marijuana decreases he starts thinking more and more about where he can get another supply as well as feeling nervous and anxious. This is an example of ________. a) withdrawal b) psychological dependence c) physiological dependence d) tolerance e) dependence

answer

b) psychological dependence

question

A psychologist evaluated Tameka, an eight-year-old child who has experienced difficulty in school. The psychologist sent questionnaires to 100 teachers to determine if they had ever seen similar cases. Based on the teachers' responses, the psychologist hypothesized that a particular diet might cause the learning problem. Following her tabulation of the responses, she designed a study that would tell her if diet were the actual cause. Which of the following lists, in order from first to last, the research methods this psychologist used? a) naturalistic observation, survey, experiment b) experiment, correlation, bias c) experiment, case study, survey d) case study, survey, experiment e) correlation, case study, experiment

answer

d) case study, survey, experiment

question

You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crowd is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half of the fans shout their approval. The event reminds you of the topic of today's lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture? a) extraneous variables b) bias c) experiments d) psychoanalysis e) case study

answer

question

Seeing a snake, running away from it, and then becoming frightened is the sequence of events postulated by the ________ theory. a) James-Lange b) Cannon-Bard c) Yerkes-Dodson d) Plutchik e) Schacter

answer

a) James-Lange

question

Monica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life "was to be a famous star!" Monica's drive to be famous was a (an) ________ drive. a) reflexive b) tertiary c) primary d) instinct e) acquired

answer

e) acquired

question

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist? a) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors b) to help clients become more aware of their own feelings c) to facilitate transference d) to provide unconditional positive regard e) to facilitate free association

answer

b) to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

question

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors? a) unconscious conflicts b) distortions in thinking c) discrepancy between the real self and ideal self d) delusional behaviors e) learning

answer

e) learning

question

Iram is afraid of snakes. In an effort to help him overcome his fear, his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them. Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed. Iram's therapist is using ________. a) aversion therapy b) flooding c) free association d) paradoxical intent e) systematic desensitization

answer

b) flooding

question

Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________. a) behavior therapy b) Gestalt therapy c) systematic desensitization d) psychoanalysis e) client-centered therapy

answer

d) psychoanalysis

question

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used? a) Joe has been depressed for two years. b) As a result of schizophrenia, David does not interact with members of his family. c) A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor. d) Ken is afraid of confronting his boss because of underlying issues with his father. e) Hilda cannot commit to marriage because of fear of abandonment

answer

c) A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.

question

Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer? a) "I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate." b) "During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair." c) "The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies." d) "The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently." e) "The therapist asks me to explain in depth all of the dreams I have had multiple times."

answer

b) "During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair."

question

The use of objects that can be traded for food, candy, treats, or special privileges with the purpose of reinforcing behavior is called ________. a) extinction b) token economy c) participant modeling d) systematic desensitization e) schedules of reinforcement

answer

b) token economy

question

Dr. Garcia is treating a patient who has a fear of knives. He believes his patient's fear is a kind of displacement, in which the phobic object is a symbol of whatever his patient has buried deep inside her unconscious mind. Dr. Garcia's view is consistent with that of ________. a) the biological perspective b) cognitive psychologists c) the psychodynamic model d) behaviorists e) the imagery model

answer

c) the psychodynamic model

question

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ________. a) Carl Rogers b) Fritz Perls c) Sigmund Freud d) Alfred Adler e) Albert Ellis

answer

c) Sigmund Freud

question

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators. In addition, her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy. Julie's therapist is using ________. a) rational-emotive therapy b) person-centered therapy c) cognitive consistency therapy d) systematic desensitization e) psychoanalysis

answer

d) systematic desensitization

question

Which technique removes a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior? a) systematic desensitization b) negative reinforcement c) punishment d) dream analysis e) extinction

answer

e) extinction

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effectiveness of contingency contracts when used with children? a) They are consistent and there is no room for reinterpretation of the rules. b) Children can change the rules as needed, at any time. c) They are flexible and are regularly subject to change on an as-needed basis. d) Parents can back down on a promised privilege. e) Parents always forget about the contract.

answer

a) They are consistent and there is no room for reinterpretation of the rules.

question

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's ________. a) free association b) latent content c)resistance d) manifest content e) story content

answer

b) latent content

question

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She provides Judy with warmth and respect, without any conditions attached. Her therapist is demonstrating ________. a) genuineness b) nondirective countertransference c) reflection d) unconditional positive regard e) mirroring

answer

d) unconditional positive regard

question

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object? a) systematic desensitization b) contingency contractc c) reinforcement d) dream analysis e) aversion therapy

answer

a) systematic desensitization

question

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating overeating or smoking? a) flooding b) systematic desensitization c) fixed ratio reinforcement scheduled d) aversion therapy e) token economy

answer

d) aversion therapy

question

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board. a) behavioral b) directive c) client-centered d) cognitive e) action

answer

c) client-centered

question

Juan is so afraid of germs that he wears gloves when opening doors. He is encouraged by his therapist to imitate a person in a video who demonstrates opening a door, step-by-step, without wearing gloves. Which technique is his therapist using? a) extinction b) token economy c) participant modeling d) systematic desensitization e) schedules of reinforcement

answer

c) participant modeling

question

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder. a) antisocial b) passive-aggressive c) schizotypal d) schizoid e) paranoid

answer

a) antisocial

question

People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others. a) schizophrenic b) personality c) affective d) somatoform e) anxiety

answer

b) personality

question

The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him for his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from ________. a) dissociative fugue b) dissociative identity disorder c) depersonalization disorder d) dissociative amnesia e) dissociation hypertension

answer

a) dissociative fugue

question

Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months, but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory. He notes that he feels like a robot, disconnected from his movements and actions. He is most likely suffering from ________. a) depersonalization disorder b) the fugue c) schizophrenia d) panic disorder e) dissociative identity disorder

answer

a) depersonalization disorder

question

Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? a) Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood. b) Marlon, who works as a long-distance truck driver so that he doesn't have to interact with people more than necessary. c) Monet, who cannot make a decision without first knowing what her boyfriend thinks is best. d) Lizette, who has a history of multiple suicide attempts. e) Harlan, who has a family history of depression.

answer

a) Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood

question

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ________ personality disorder. a) antisocial b) borderline c) avoidant d) dependent e) paranoid

answer

b) borderline

question

In which type of society is a new mother most likely to experience the symptoms of postpartum psychosis? a) Western society b) non-Western society c) All of the above have instances of postpartum psychosis d) technological society e) Martian society

answer

c) All of the above have instances of postpartum psychosis

question

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive-learning theorist's view of personality disorders? a) They are a type of learned behavior. b) They have physiological causes. c) They are due to an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex. d) They are due to disturbances in family relationships. e) They are due to interruptions in parental attachments.

answer

a) They are a type of learned behavior.

question

When Bob noticed a pain in his thigh, he was convinced it was a sign of bone cancer. Although x-rays revealed no sign of cancer, Bob sought the opinions of a dozen other physicians who agreed with the original opinion. What psychological disorder might Bob's behavior indicate? a) conversion disorder b) mood disorder c) catatonic schizophrenia d) hypochondriasis e) depersonalization disorder

answer

d) hypochondriasis

question

A hospital patient was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia because she was having both delusions and hallucinations. What type of symptoms are these? a) a mix of positive and negative b) positive c) negative d) indifferent e) atypical

answer

b) positive

question

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder? a) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. b) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. c) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in adults while phobic disorder is more common in children. d) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men. e) Specific phobia is a dissociative disorder and generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder.

answer

a) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

question

Each day, while Sid is sitting at his desk at work, he continually thinks about germs. Each time this occurs, he washes his hands. Sid probably suffers from ________. a) obsessive-compulsive disorder b) generalized anxiety disorder c) panic disorder d) agoraphobia e) amnesia

answer

a) obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ________ phobias. a) specific b) complex c) interactive d) social e) secretive

answer

a) specific

question

The treatment recommended for a patient at the mental health clinic is phototherapy. What is the likely diagnosis? a) dysthymic disorder b) panic disorder c) seasonal affective disorder d) bipolar disorder e) anxiety disorder

answer

c) seasonal affective disorder

question

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________. a) anxiety and mania b) depression and manic episodes c) depression and schizophrenia d) mania and schizophrenia e) anxiety and schizophrenia

answer

b) depression and manic episodes

question

People who have a(n) ________ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing. a) specific phobia b) interactive phobia c) agoraphobia d) social phobia e) generalized phobia

answer

d) social phobia

question

A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from _______. a) a dissociative disorder b) passive-aggressive personality c) schizophrenia d) bipolar disorder e) anxiety disorder

answer

c) schizophrenia

question

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from ________. a) passive-aggressive personality b) schizophrenia c) a dissociative disorder d) bipolar disorder e) anxiety disorder

answer

b) schizophrenia

question

Which of the following is a condition in which a person shows little or no emotion? a) hallucinations b) delusions c) flat affect d) appropriate affect e) inappropriate affect

answer

c) flat affect

question

Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a ________. a) mania b) compulsion c) obsession d) phobia e) ritual

answer

d) phobia

question

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like ________. a) panic disorder b) generalized anxiety disorder c) panic disorder d) agoraphobia e) amnesia

answer

question

Joey experienced a great amount of anger throughout his childhood and adolescence that he turned inward rather than expressing to others. As a result of not expressing his anger, which of the following disorders is Joey at risk of developing? a) fugue b) amnesia c) anxiety d) schizophrenia e) depression

answer

e) depression

question

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ________. a) compulsions b) delusions c) obsessions d) hallucinations e) after images

answer

d) hallucinations

question

A person who experiences rather dramatic and specific symptoms such as blindness, paralysis, deafness, or numbness of certain body parts, none of which have real physical causes, and exhibits lack of concern about the symptom will probably be diagnosed with ________. a) depressive disorder b) somatization disorder c) conversion disorder d) Hypochondriasis e) panic disorder

answer

c) conversion disorder

question

Luke is diagnosed with a somatoform disorder. His therapist believes that his disorder is reinforced by his family, his doctors, and by his ability to avoid stressful situations that are associated with his disorder. Luke's therapist is probably a ________. a) behaviorist b) psychoanalyst c) cognitive psychologist d) biological psychologist e) neuropsychologist

answer

question

Nicholas is a man who the local college students all think of as eccentric. Each day he stands on campus, smiling at people as they walk by, and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good Luck!" In fact, the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute, but Nicholas never asks for anything. Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy? a) subjective discomfort b) social norm deviance c) inability to function normally d) inability to speak audibly e) all of the above

answer

b) social norm deviance

question

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality. a) biological b) cognitive c) behavioral d) REBT e) psychoanalytic

answer

question

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in specializing in the study of abnormal behavior. What area of psychology should she focus on in school? a) psychobiology b) health psychology c) somatic psychology d) psychopathology e) developmental psychology

answer

d) psychopathology

question

Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case? a) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms b) subjective discomfort and inability to function normally c) deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort d) inability to function normally and statistical rarity e) ability to understand and incoherent language

answer

b) subjective discomfort and inability to function normally

question

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality? a) social norm deviance b) situational context c) subjective discomfort d) statistical rarity e) affective domain

answer

c) subjective discomfort

question

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR contains an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100? a) Axis I b) Axis III c) Axis IV d) Axis II e) Axis V

answer

e) Axis V

question

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear? a) psychoanalytic b) behavioral c) cognitive d) sociocultural e) psychosexual

answer

b) behavioral

question

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was ________. a) curable through exorcism b) caused by supernatural forces c) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids d) only in the mind of the beholder e) demons possessing an individual

answer

c) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids

question

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from ________. a) repressed memories b) unconscious behaviors c) distorted thought patterns d) underlying behavioral issues e) physiological causes

answer

e) physiological causes

question

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives? a) social mores b) social discomfort c) social norm deviance d) social context e) social comfort

answer

c) social norm deviance

question

Dr. Ting is working with a 16-year old client who presents with the symptoms of a moderate case of depression. As part of his intake session, Dr. Ting learns that his client, Geoff, has suffered from very serious cystic acne for 4 years and is constantly teased by his peers for having such bad skin. On which of the axes would Dr. Ting chart this information? a) Axis III b) Axis I c) Axis V d) Axis X e) This information should not be charted because it is a medical, not a psychological issue

answer

a) Axis III

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Psych 101 Final Exam Practice: Stanley Milgram’s Research, Kitty Genovese – Flashcards 292 terms

Matilda Campbell

292 terms

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Psych 101 Final Exam Practice: Stanley Milgram’s Research, Kitty Genovese – Flashcards

question

The branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior would be focused on

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psychopathology

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Before deciding on the particular form of treatment for an individual, a therapist needs to

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identify the problem and its causes.

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Hachi is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8 am tomorrow. The deadline is an example of a

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stressor.

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The folk saying "Out of sight, out of mind," highlights this important predictor of attraction.

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proximity.

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The subjects who participated in the Stanford Prison Experiment were all

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male.

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A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from

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schizophrenia

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a humor studied by Hippocrates:

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yellow bite

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A score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale represents the sum total of recent

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life-change units.

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A person who rarely works late, usually leaves their work at the office, and goes home to relax with their family in the evening is likely a Type ________ personality.

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An important emphasis of humanistic therapy is on

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the whole person being involved in a process of change.

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Ted runs from the biology laboratory straight to his therapist's office. He is sweating and fear is etched on his face. He asks the therapist to apologize to his teacher and says he hopes she will understand that his arachnophobia made it difficult for him to

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look at a spider

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cognitive dissonance

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A state of mental discomfort arising from a discrepancy between two or more of a person's beliefs or between a person's beliefs and overt behavior.

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We tend to believe that other people's actions are due to

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their personal traits.

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Tad gets an A in his psychology finals. When he tells his mother, she praises him for his brilliance. Tad's mother has committed which error?

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fundamental attribution error

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People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon?

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The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.

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Upon arriving at college and meeting your roommate, you sigh mightily as you listen to his endless droning on about how wonderful his girlfriend back home is. "I miss her so much and I can't wait to see her during Thanksgiving break," he comments. Knowing a bit about social psychology and the rules of interpersonal attraction, what are you most likely to think to yourself?

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This relationship is doomed, because the rule of proximity says that people are most attracted to those who are nearby, not far away.

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Alice is 15 years old and afraid to speak in class. She fears that anything she says will lead to her enormous embarrassment. Alice might be classified as having

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a social phobia.

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The fact that many Americans do not approve of public nudity is most likely due to

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prevailing social norms.

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How are proximity to others and attraction correlated?

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positively correlated

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While watching Jeopardy, your roommate says, "Alex Trebek knows all the answers. He must be a genius." You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of

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fundamental attribution errors

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distress and maladaptiveness

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This is the tendency to mimic other people in order to fit in. We see this happen quite often in the clothes people wear, the leisure activities they participate in, and even in their mood:

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chameleon effect

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In Solomon Asch's study on conformity, the number of confederates was found to have a significant impact on the participants' likelihood of giving an incorrect answer. How many confederates did Asch find maximized the likelihood of conformity occurring?

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________ refers to a temporary stress-related pattern of arousal with a clear onset and endpoint.

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Acute stress

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Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave her home. She feels trapped and is unable to work or engage in any kind of activity that requires going outside of her home. You are not surprised when you find out your aunt is diagnosed with

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Agoraphobia

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The Kitty Genovese case depicts

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bystander intervention problem

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A person who experiences severe bouts of anxiety would be described as displaying

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distress.

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At Skinner Elementary School, teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time, obey the teacher, and finish their homework. The paper "bucks" can be traded in at the end of the week for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer. This system most resembles a

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token economy

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A person with a pervasive and persistent sense of anxiety without any external cause may have

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generalized anxiety disorder

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People with a self-serving bias attribute their success to ________ factors and their failures to ________ factors.

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internal; external

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As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would best illustrate

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unconventionality

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tendency to stop trying to change our circumstances, or to stop "trying," after a series of ineffective responses

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Learned helplessness

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Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

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sympathetic and parasympathetic

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After a group of gang members learned that their friend had died in a seemingly random accident, several of the friends started blaming a rival gang for the death. Even though there was no evidence whatsoever that the death had been intentional, the more the friends talked the more passionate they became in their belief that an act of revenge was necessary. What concept from social psychology may contribute to an act of violent revenge in this case?

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groupthink

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Which axis of the DSM-IV contains an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100?

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Axis V

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Axis IV

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The major psychosocial stressors the individual has faced recently (a recent divorce, death of spouse, job loss, etc) are this axis

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Axis V

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This axis contains the Global Assessment of Functioning, an overall judgement made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment on a rating scale of 0-100, the lower the score, the greater the impairment in functioning.

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The response of your body to stress includes all BUT

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a decrease in sweating.

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The cause of anxiety, according to Carl Rogers, lies in

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a conflict between a naturally positive self-image and negative external criticisms.

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A goal of family therapy is to

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Improve family communication and interaction

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family therapist

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While sitting in class, Sherman suddenly experiences a racing heart, clammy hands, dizziness, and shaking. Sherman has many of the symptoms typical of

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panic attack

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behavioral

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involves the provision of task-oriented help, such as housecleaning, cooking meals, or rides to a hospital

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tangible assistance

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A new era of treating mental disorder began in ________ with the introduction of medication for ________.

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1953; psychosis

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Shyness

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is not defined as a disorder by the DSM-IV.

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Attributions are

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the beliefs of why people behave the way they do, the end process of a result where people use available information to make inferences as to why people behave in particular situations.

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If Calvin is average in terms of his looks, he may not ask the gorgeous Giselle to go on a date with him, because he believes that he will be rejected or that eventually the relationship would not work out. Thus, the ________ affected Calvin's decision to not ask Giselle to go out with him.

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expectancy-value theory

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fact about schizophrenia

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One out of every 100 Americans will become afflicted.

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A person who paints a foul-tasting polish on their fingernails is using ________ therapy to quit nail-biting.

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aversion

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The process of cognitive dissonance motivates people to make unpleasant experiences seem

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more rational

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a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, and cognitive weariness that is often related to work

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burnout

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Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ________ disorders.

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mood

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________ therapy focuses on helping people with their existential crises.

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Humanistic

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Axis II of the DSM-IV consists of

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personality disorders and mental retardation

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The focus of cognitive therapy is on

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rational thinking

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The two best-known mood disorders are

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major depression and bipolar disorder

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Naïve subjects in the Stanley Milgram experiment were given the opportunity to administer shocks to helpless victims. What was the maximum voltage that could be administered in one shock?

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450 volts

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The three components of hardiness identified in your textbook are

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challenge, commitment, and control.

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hardiness

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set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful events

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Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions of Steve's personality. Therefore, Steve most likely has a(n)________ disorder.

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dissociative

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Drew is Jewish, but today he will attend a Lutheran church with his friend, Cheryl. If Drew were to ________, it would be an example of the Asch effect.

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do what the other churchgoers are doing

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Asch effect

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A form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgements.

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Delusions are

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false or irrational beliefs

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Sally labels the driver who cuts her off in rush hour traffic an "idiot." This is an example of

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the fundamental attribution error

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There are nearly _____ times as many males diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder as females.

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A person who is overly concerned with physical health issues best fits into which DSM-IV category of disorders?

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Somatoform

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Haldol is to "major tranquilizers" as ________ is to "minor tranquilizers."

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benzodiazepines

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The "straw that broke the camel's back" is most likely to occur during the

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stage of resistance.

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Edward starts to worry about telling his therapist about his drinking. He is afraid that the therapist will get mad at him like his mother used to. Edward has started relating to his therapist as he related to his mother. Edward is experiencing

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transference

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The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called

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modeling.

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The group that is least likely to have access to adequate mental care is

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The poor

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The view that mental problems have physical causes is known as the

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medical model of mental disorder

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The ________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period resulting from major life changes.

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Undergraduate Stress Questionnaire

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Hans Eysenck believed that the odds of a person being helped by psychotherapy was

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introverts have inherited a higher than average level of physical arousal

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Axis I

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mental disorders (except personality d/o and mental retardation)

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Axis VI

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(DSM-IV) psychosocial and environmental problems

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Axis III

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General medical condition

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Rational-emotive behavior therapy

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Confrontational cognitive therapy developed by Ellis that challenges people's irrational thinking.

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The term affective disorder is used by psychologists to refer to disturbance in

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emotion

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example of cognitive dissonance:

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Continuing to smoking but you know it's bad for your health.

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borderline

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compulsion

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uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

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A person who bathes at least 15 times per day is displaying

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unconventionality.

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The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called

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biomedical therapy

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An important lesson learned from the Stanford Prison Experiment and highlighted in the Schlesinger Report was

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how stressful situations can rapidly affect personality.

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researched the attitudes of conservative students enrolled at a liberal women's college in the 1930s

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Theodore Newcomb

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Phoebe locks herself in her bedroom and refuses to see her family or go to work. Phoebe is displaying the ________ indicator of abnormality.

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Maladaptiveness

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Bipolar disorder used to be known as

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manic-depressive disorder

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The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called

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psychotherapy.

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Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure change due to

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major life events.

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The television talks to Heidi. It tells her the police are out to get her. Because Heidi has schizophrenia, she is mostly experiencing a(n)

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hallucination

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Researchers have found that paraprofessionals

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are about as effective as professionals.

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This disorder affects about one out of five children and is characterized by reading difficulties:

answer

dyslexia

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Asch's initial studies showed that overall conformity to group pressure occurred about ______ of the time.

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one-third

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The field(s) of ________ is devoted to understanding health maintenance and the prevention of illness.

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health psychology and behavioral medicine

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Originally developed to treat epilepsy, this drug seems to be more effective than lithium for most patients with bipolar disorder but with fewer side effects.

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Depakote

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The focus of cognitive therapies is on

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what we think and how we think.

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According to Selye, some people may develop illnesses such as coronary heart disease or stroke during the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

exhaustion

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Which statement is more likely to be true concerning attributions made by Americans versus Chinese people?

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Americans are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than are Chinese people.

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A person who has been battling cancer and is now in the stage of resistance should be aware that

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they may have great trouble handling new stressors.

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resistance stage

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the body becomes more resistant to disease and injury than normal

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The ________ may be the brain region responsible for panic attacks.

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amygdala

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A patient suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may improve when treated with

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stimulants.

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A twenty-year follow-up on the Bennington College study found that

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the attitudes adopted in college lasted for decades.

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Walter Cannon

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fight or flight, emotion theory

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social distance

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refers to the amount of space that operates between individuals or groups as a result of differences in race, age, culture, ethnicity, etc.

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William is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior and is less focused on understanding the problem itself. He is most likely to be a/an

answer

action therapist.

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According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

exhaustion

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exaggerated concern about physical health that leads the person to bounce from doctor to doctor

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Hypochondriasis

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The DSM has five ________ that are types of information that should be considered in the assessment of a patient.

answer

axes

question

fact about psychopathology:

answer

Psychological disorders often involve exaggerations of normal functions.

question

The high school football team viewed the opposing team as not only competitors but as the

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outgroup

question

client-centered therapy

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A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth.

question

A support group would be most unlikely to deal with

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job-related work-place conflicts.

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The behavioral technique of ________, when used at its extreme, resembles torture.

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aversion therapy

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A woman who has been repeatedly abused by her husband may develop ________ and stop trying to defend herself.

answer

learned helplessness

question

learned helplessness

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A condition that occurs after a period of negative consequences where the person begins to believe they have no control.

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abnormal behavior

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behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time

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The "tend-and-befriend" model was proposed by ________ to account for ________.

answer

Shelly Taylor; female behavior

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Free association is a technique used in ________ therapy.

answer

psychoanalytic

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This report highlighted the social psychological factors that contributed to creating an abusive environment at Abu Ghraib Prison:

answer

The Schlesinger Report

question

The technique of free association was intended to

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allow the therapist to listen to the client in order to gather clues about their unconscious impulses.

question

Two internet buddies decide to marry after years of corresponding through the mail, but they have never met one another. This situation reflects the attraction exerted by

answer

self-disclosure.

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When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five

answer

axes

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The ________ model claims that cultural and social factors influence the prevalence of mental disorders.

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ecological

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By allowing a new Teacher to first observe someone else administering the final shock level, Milgram could get compliance rates as high as

answer

90%

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Vince has always believed children deserve the best prenatal care available. During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express very negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. When it is his turn to speak, he voices an opinion more in keeping with the previous speakers. Vince's behavior is an example of

answer

conformity

question

A person who is ________ is likely to be perceived as being cold and indifferent.

answer

shy and physically attractive

question

The psychological view sees mental disorders as an interaction of biological, behavioral, cognitive, __________, and __________ factors.

answer

developmental; social-cultural

question

loss of contact with reality

answer

psychosis

question

fundamental attribution error

answer

The general bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions when analyzing another person's behavior.

question

Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint. This is an example of

answer

emotion-focused coping

question

What type of drugs are the traditional antianxiety drugs, or minor tranquilizers, such as Valium?

answer

benzodiazepines

question

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

answer

behavioral

question

rational-emotive behavioral therapy

answer

albert ellis

question

People are more likely to conform when

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a judgment task is ambiguous.

question

A serious side-effect of antipsychotic drugs is related to

answer

disturbance of muscle control.

question

When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation, they are engaging in what social psychologists call

answer

groupthink

question

According to Holmes and Rahe, a person with a higher score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than are people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future?

answer

a stress reaction to life events

question

People are most likely to help out soon in an emergency situation if

answer

there are few others who can help.

question

If Tess has lost her contact lens, she is most likely to get help from others if she

answer

specifically asks one person for help.

question

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as

answer

delusions

question

learned negative attitude toward a person based on that person's membership in a particular group

answer

prejudice

question

Your friend took a security guard position to help defray the costs of tuition. When you stopped by to visit him on the job you found he was acting differently. He was more serious and professional. Your friend was using ________ to guide his actions as a guard, which were likely learned from film or literature depictions of security guards.

answer

scripts

question

A dissociative disorder that involves sudden travel from home, the taking on of a new identity, and amnesia regarding the trip and one's actual personal information is called

answer

dissociative fugue.

question

According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of

answer

our irrational beliefs

question

On your way to the airport for a 6 a.m. flight, you have a flat tire (but no spare), receive a speeding ticket, and then are asked to undergo a lengthy search at the security checkpoint. You are most likely experiencing

answer

hassles.

question

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

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Roberto knew he had not tried hard enough on the final exam and deserved the lower grade. He told himself that he would definitely study harder next time. This is an example of

answer

internal locus of control.

question

fact about self-help groups:

answer

are free

question

By providing social models of peers who rebel against the experimenter, Milgram could get compliance rates as to drop to

answer

10%.

question

What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?

answer

interpersonal attraction

question

Critical incident program sessions occur within 72 hours and are ________ hours long.

answer

2-3

question

A key implication of Stanley Milgram's research is that

answer

the power of the situation can induce an ordinary person to harm another.

question

An antismoking ad that shows the "Marlboro Man" as sickly, coughing, and needing a respirator would make use of

answer

the poison parasite argument

question

________ treats psychotic symptoms by blocking ________ receptors.

answer

Haloperidol; dopamine

question

After being abused throughout her childhood, Helen has three distinct personalities. One is aggressive, one is sexually promiscuous, and one is very timid. Helen most likely suffers from

answer

dissociative identity disorder

question

Survivors of the recent tsunami who are unable to fully comprehend what has happened would be said to have experienced

answer

psychic numbness

question

We tend to _________ attractive people more than we do less attractive people.

answer

question

Lithium carbonate is effective in treating

answer

bipolar disorder

question

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

answer

"You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."

question

a therapist who believed that unhappy patients need to rid themselves of ineffective, self-defeating ways of thinking.

answer

Ellis

question

In general, antipsychotic drugs work by

answer

reducing dopamine activity in the brain.

question

A(n) ________ therapist focuses on problem behaviors rather than probing the mind of the client.

answer

behavior

question

During the alarm reaction to a stressor, the hypothalamus triggers an emergency response in the

answer

adrenal glands.

question

Couples that have been in lasting relationships tend to

answer

have five times more positive interactions than negative ones.

question

Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

answer

schizophrenia

question

Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ________ personality.

answer

hardy

question

Which type of therapy is based on various learning principles?

answer

behavior

question

The cognitive perspective views ________ as key factors in mental disorder.

answer

how we perceive, feel, think, and remember

question

Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called

answer

psychotherapy.

question

The ________ is characterized by a pattern of intense, angry, competitive, or hostile behavior.

answer

Type A pattern

question

Pyrophobia involves a fear of ________, whereas arachnophobia involves a fear of ________.

answer

fire; spiders

question

A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from

answer

schizophrenia

question

an example of distress:

answer

worrying about everything most of the time

question

It is has been estimated that there are ________ varieties of psychopathology.

answer

around 300

question

A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of _________. His refusal to grant them loans is an example of _________.

answer

prejudice; discrimination

question

Iram made a New Year's resolution to promote wellness in his life. Which of the following are ways in which he can begin to incorporate wellness into his life?

answer

exercise regularly

question

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between periods of

answer

depression and manic episodes.

question

A key common element among different forms of therapy such as psychoanalysis, behavioral therapy, and drug therapy is a relationship that focuses on

answer

improving mental, behavioral, or social functioning

question

The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of

answer

coronary heart disease

question

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is using

answer

free association.

question

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called____________ disorder.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

________ drugs work by increasing the activity of one or both of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.

answer

Antidepressant

question

In Rosenhan's study, some of the individuals who went into hospitals

answer

found that at least one "real patient" viewed them as a fake.

question

The Asch effect would be expected to operate in cases where

answer

jurors discuss whether someone is guilty in a jury trial.

question

Cross-cultural studies of depression indicate that

answer

the level of depression varies greatly from country to country.

question

The field of ________ would be interested in the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior on the immune system.

answer

psycho-neuroimmunology

question

Sigmund Freud arrives for a therapy session with Albert Ellis. Freud's main complaint is depression; it seems that Freud's writings have not received the kind of response he had hoped for and expected. What is Ellis most likely to say during the therapy session?

answer

"Why do you expect all your work to be well received, and what difference does it make if some people don't like your ideas?"

question

Prefrontal lobotomy is one form of

answer

psychosurgery

question

You decided to visit your new college a week earlier to meet with a couple of the professors and your advisor in order to reduce your stress about being a freshman and doing well. This is known as

answer

problem-focused-coping.

question

problem-focused coping

answer

coping strategy by which we problem-solve and tackle life's challenges head-on

question

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from

answer

a dissociative disorder

question

According to Sternberg, the category of love known as ________ has much passion and intimacy, but little commitment.

answer

romantic love

question

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress, which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?

answer

exhaustion

question

Cassie is diagnosed with severe depression. Her psychiatrist has prescribed many medications and psychotherapy, none of which have helped to alleviate her depression. Her psychiatrist is now likely to recommend

answer

electroconvulsive therapy.

question

cognitive therapy

answer

therapy in which the focus is on helping clients recognize distortions in their thinking and replace distorted, unrealistic beliefs with more realistic, helpful thoughts

question

As Carol and Ken are leaving for a trip, Carol repeatedly asks Ken, "Did we turn off the coffee pot?" For their entire trip, Carol worries about the coffee pot. Carol's doubt about turning off the coffee pot is a(n)

answer

Obsession

question

As a result of diffusion of responsibility, people in a bystander situation tend to

answer

be less likely to help others.

question

Client-centered therapy is a type of ________ therapy.

answer

insight

question

When visiting your Aunt Jane in California last year, an earthquake struck the area. The earthquake would qualify as a

answer

traumatic stressor.

question

compulsion

answer

uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

question

the study of how mental processes influence the immune system

answer

Psycho-neuroimmunology

question

cognitive dissonance

answer

An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs

question

the physical and mental response to a challenging or threatening situation

answer

stress

question

An irrational, persistent fear of something is called a

answer

phobia

question

Which neurotransmitter is not implicated in the development of mood disorders?

answer

endorphins

question

ghrelin

answer

hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain

question

How are newer antipsychotics different from traditional antipsychotic medications?

answer

Newerantipsychotics are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia.

question

Each day, while Sid is sitting at his desk at work, he continually thinks about germs. Each time this occurs, he washes his hands. Sid probably suffers from

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

question

Researchers found that the ________ of daily hassles was a better predictor of health problems than were scores on a life-events scale.

answer

perceived severity

question

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of

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tardive dyskinesia.

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Seetra is seeing a therapist for the first time. Her psychologist notes that her severe facial acne may contribute significantly to her depressive symptoms, since her high school classmates tend to be mean about her pimples. On which axis of a DSM diagnosis would Seetra's difficulties with her classmates be noted?

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Axis IV

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Long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs can create a disturbance of motor control, especially facial muscles, that is termed

answer

tardive dyskinesia.

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Estella is afraid of cats. To help her overcome her fear, her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching. Her mother encourages her to imitate her behavior. Estella's mother is using

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participant modeling.

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Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop a written agreement spelling out weekly step-by-step methods for Eileen to use in order to reach her weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving them. Eileen's therapist is using which of the following methods?

answer

a contingency contract

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Young laboratory monkeys who saw their parents express fear to a live snake later showed fear themselves while viewing a live snake for the first time. This new fear would be the result of

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observational learning.

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All but ________ are a necessary part of the therapeutic process.

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uncovering unconscious memories

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During cognitive restructuring, a person reduces stress by dealing with the issues of

answer

question

Vanna's mother is ill and Vanna is feeling overwhelmed and sad. To cope with this stress of her mother's illness, Vanna has been writing her feelings down in a journal. Vanna is using

answer

emotion-focused coping.

question

According to the research of Latané and Darley, which of the following situations would be the most likely in which someone would offer to help?

answer

question

The ________ hypothesis argues that we are likely to end up with friends and mates that are at our level of attractiveness.

answer

matching

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The life event with the most associated stress is

answer

question

therapeutic process

answer

question

answer

exhaustion

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Antipsychotic drugs treat symptoms such as

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hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior

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most likely to result in severe depression:

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Having your partner reject you by leaving.

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Psychologists now use the term ________ when referring to what was formerly called neurosis.

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Oxytocin

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neurosis

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a psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

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The major goal of insight therapies is to give people

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clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions

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Kevin shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has ________ personality disorder.

answer

borderline

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typical practitioners of Freudian therapy:

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question

cortisol

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stress hormone released by adrenal cortex

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Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. Her symptoms indicate she is suffering from ______ schizophrenia.

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disorganized

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Obedience to an authority figure in a Milgram study was most likely when

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the authority figure is nearby to the Teacher.

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one of the bodily fluids that ancient Greeks linked to abnormal behaviors:

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black bile

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most commonly prescribed antianxiety medications:

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Barbiturates and benzodiazepines

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Moriarity's research involved

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situational power.

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The cause of depression according to Aaron Beck is that depressed patients

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use negative thoughts they repeat about themselves.

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When Ramon uses a self-serving bias, he is likely to believe that

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it is his teacher's fault that he failed his chemistry test.

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During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome,

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the sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones

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Situationism assumes that ________ influences people's behavior, feelings, and thoughts to a greater degree than innate personality.

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the environment

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Situation is to behavioral context as disposition is to

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inner characteristics.

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These types of programs typically offer group sessions to trauma survivors with 72 hours of the traumatic event:

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CISD

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CISD

answer

brings people together promptly after the trauma for a 3-4 hour session, in which participants describe experiences and discuss emotional reactions

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What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "unconventionality" to define abnormal behavior?

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Behavior that is considered disordered in one context may be acceptable in another.

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__________ psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships and overall health and rates of illness.

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Health

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After Cecilia's husband died, she has been feeling very depressed. Her depression is likely caused by

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immunosuppression

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a temporary stress-related pattern of arousal with a clear onset and endpoint

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Acute stress

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When those who underwent a severe ordeal are now recalling and reliving the event and having associated physical symptoms, they are experiencing

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posttraumatic stress disorder.

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A person with low self-esteem would tend to gravitate toward

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people who see them as they see themself

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People are least likely to conform when

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a judgment task is unambiguous.

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Research suggests that ________ increase(s) understanding and can diminish prejudice in a person who does not wish to hear another point of view.

answer

equal status contact

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This area of research uses methodologies from the brain sciences to investigate various types of social behavior such as stereotyping in prejudice, attitudes, self-control, and emotional regulation:

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social neuroscience

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The Bennington College study involved students from conservative homes who attended a college with liberal faculty members. The students tended to

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become more liberal over time.

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The mass deaths that occurred in Jonestown, Heaven's Gate, and at the Branch Davidian Compound are examples of the power of

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obedience

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A car crash woke John from his afternoon nap. When he looked out his apartment window, he saw several people milling around two smashed cars. He decided not to dial 911 because he assumed someone had already called. John's reaction is an example of

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the bystander effect

question

Albert Ellis

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Developed "rational emotive behavior therapy" (REBT)

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The problem with a ________ therapist who encourages a patient to express his or her anger is that this may actually increase the patient's rage in a harmful way.

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Freudian

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A person who is in the communal effort phase after a disaster

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may feel weary.

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general adaptation syndrome

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Hans Selye

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Steven doesn't think that his actions will help change his stressful job. Instead, he adopts the "smile - the world looks brighter when you do" coping style to deal with his stress. He uses what type of coping style?

answer

emotion-focused coping

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The strongest predictor of how much we will like a person on meeting them for the first time is

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level of physical attractiveness

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Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

answer

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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As a child psychologist, you are seeing Martin for the first time today. He presents with irritability, has a difficult time sitting still, interrupts both his parents and you during conversation, and cannot focus. It is most likely that Martin suffers from

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ADHD

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The _______ claims that we like those best who give us maximum rewards at minimum cost.

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reward theory of attraction

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________ refers to the capacity to adapt and achieve well-being in spite of serious threats to development.

answer

question

Subjects in Moriarity's theft studies were more likely to intervene if

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they had been asked to hold the victim's property

question

Marisol blamed her professor for failing her midterm. She failed to realize that her two hours of studying, her lack of sleep, and late partying all week would better explain her results. This is an example of

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external locus of control

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A serious side effect of lithium treatment is related to

answer

toxicity from high blood levels of lithium.

question

first stage by which the body attempts to cope with a stressor

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alarm phase

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Autism is first suspected at about ________ of age, when the child fails to develop language.

answer

1-1/2 to 2 years

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Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing

answer

a manic episode

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Imagine 100 individuals are asked to take part in a replication of Milgram's famous study on obedience. How are these 100 people likely to respond?

answer

The majority would administer 450 volts as instructed.

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Dave believes all college professors are irritable, impatient, and uninterested in whether students learn. His belief is an example of

answer

a prejudice.

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Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months. He is probably suffering from a

answer

phobic disorder

question

The ________ approach to psychological disorders focuses on abnormalities in the brain and nervous system

answer

biopsychology

question

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ________ disorders.

answer

mood

question

According to psychoanalysis, the process of ________ blocks problems from reaching consciousness.

answer

repression

question

Working a second job to pay off credit cards is an example of

answer

problem-focused coping

question

A serious side-effect of antipsychotic drugs is related to

answer

disturbances in muscle control

question

A person who feels euphoric and hyperactive may be experiencing

answer

manic episode

question

A company that awards points to its salespeople for making a sale and then allows those points to be exchanged for vacation packages is using ________ to modify sales behavior.

answer

a token economy

question

Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions of Steve's personality. Therefore, Steve most likely has a(n)________ disorder.

answer

dissociative

question

Jaci has just become blind. The fact that there is no physical reason for this suggests that Jaci may be suffering from

answer

conversion disorder

question

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat ________that has not responded to other treatments.

answer

question

Studies have shown that when medication is properly administered and used in conjunction with behavioral therapy, about ______ of individuals with ADHD may have improvements in attention and show diminished hyperactivity.

answer

70%

question

During the Middle Ages, authorities involved in the Inquisition viewed mental illness as due to

answer

the Devil.

question

The cliché "absence makes the heart grow fonder" contradicts which of the rules of interpersonal attraction?

answer

proximity

question

According to the Consumer Reports survey, which of the following is accurate?

answer

The longer a person stays in therapy, the greater the improvement.

question

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter, he gets a painful electric shock. Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him, so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke. Eventually, Jarrad loses his desire to smoke, thanks to

answer

aversion conditioning.

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Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Dissociative Identity Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Psychology

Test Answers on PSY Exam 4 – Flashcards 50 terms

Deacon Kirby

50 terms

Preview

Test Answers on PSY Exam 4 – Flashcards

question

Delusions of persecution are most common among those with ______ schizophrenia.

answer

Paranoid

question

Although Shawn felt terribly depressed when he began psychotherapy, he was much happier by the time he had completed therapy. It would be reasonable to attribute some of his improvements to

answer

regression towards the mean

question

Most combatstressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder. This best illustrates

answer

Resilience

question

Participants in the Milgram Obedience studies were ordered to

answer

deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers

question

DSMIVTR is more likely to be criticized for

answer

classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychological disorders

question

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is on who

answer

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches

question

The placebo effect refers to

answer

the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective

question

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

answer

an expressionless face

question

Clinicians diagnose the presence of a personality disorder using _____ of the DSMIVTR

answer

axis II

question

Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of

answer

The fundamental attribution error

question

In Milgram's obedience experiment, "teachers" were MOST likely to deliver high levels ofshock when

answer

the "learner: was placed in a different room from the "teacher"

question

Felippe, a 19 year old university freshman, is very talkative, intelligent, assertive, and politically conservative. Research suggests that he would be mostly likely to develops a close friendship with

answer

Toren, who is talkative and assertive

question

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone, Kaylee appears to suffer from

answer

a phobia

question

In treating alcohol dependence, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nauseaproducing drug. This technique is known as

answer

aversive conditioning

question

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for theirsins is best explained in terms of

answer

the just world phenomenon

question

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends, This behavior is most likely diagnosedas a symptom of a psychological disorder if

answer

preventing her from functioning effectively

question

Professional athletes perform better before an audience than when alone. This best illustrates

answer

social facilitation

question

Which perspective suggests that explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable,internal contributes to depression?

answer

socialcognitive

question

In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the Village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrates that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when

answer

they perceived their orders to come from authority

question

A token economy represents an application of the principles of

answer

operant conditioning

question

21. Instead of focusing in unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulse,_____ therapies focus on conscious thoughts a self-perceptions

answer

humanistic

question

The foot in the door phenomenon refers to the tendency

answer

comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a smaller one

question

Obsessions are

answer

offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person

question

Helping people gain insight in the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

answer

psychoanalysis

question

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of____ and to overestimate the impact of____ in explaining the behavior of others.

answer

situational influences, personal dispositions

question

Philip Zimbardo decides a simulation prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners of guards. This experiment best illustrates the impact of

answer

role playing attitude

question

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgrams' initial obedience experiment because

answer

the :teacher" were more obedient than most people would have predicted

question

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring and socially manipulative behavior patterns are called _____ disorders

answer

personality

question

Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on the hockey team insists that it's not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if

answer

he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team

question

30 Carlo Rogers encouraged client-centered therapy to____ during the process of therapy.

answer

genuinely express their own true feelings

question

The onset of schizophrenia is typically associated with early

answer

adulthood

question

Normative social influence results from people's desire to

answer

gain social approval

question

When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of

answer

selffulfilling prophecy

question

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why, Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat, Rishi is most likely suffers from

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

About 8 months ago, 14 yr old Shelly when on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently, forced her to eat, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it up, Shelly most likely suffers from

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedienceis that

answer

even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction

question

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of

answer

visual perspective

question

Training people to actively disputer their own selfdefeating ideas best illustrates

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Two year after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experience jumpy anxiety andhas trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

answer

PTSD

question

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she arely steps outside of herhouse. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrified her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fearm she earns a living as a freelance writer, working at home, Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of

answer

agoraphobia

question

Mental health workers label behavior as disorder when it is

answer

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

question

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called

answer

conformity

question

43 Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depressions serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in lifethreatening behaviors. The professors emphasis best illustrates the______ perspective

answer

evolutionary

question

44 Suicide rates in the US are _____ among whites than Blacks and _____ among men than women

answer

higher, lower

question

Elmer, the owner of an automotive service station, suddenly began smashing fenders and hood of cars. When asked why he explained that he was transforming the cars into "real racing machines". When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everyone was fired, and then started to break car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of

answer

of:mania

question

Blindfolded university students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates

answer

social loafing

question

The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called

answer

cognitive dissonance

question

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a groups judgment of the lengths of line

answer

even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect

question

Systematic desensitization involves

answer

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety arousing stimuli

question

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?

answer

"we all seem to be in basic agreement, so there is no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue"

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Abnormal Psychology Introductory Psychology Psychology

Chapter 11, 12, & 13 Quiz – Flashcards 47 terms

Thomas Owen

47 terms

Preview

Chapter 11, 12, & 13 Quiz – Flashcards

question

Most people over age 65 think that premarital sex is

answer

wrong

question

Someone who becomes accepted as part of a family to which he has no blood relation is known as

answer

fictive kin

question

Which of the following is often used to measure fluid intelligence?

answer

puzzles

question

Morbidity refers to the rates of _______ in a population

answer

diseases

question

The leading cause of death for young men in South Africa is

answer

AIDS

question

What percentage of emerging adults has at least one sexually transmitted infection?

answer

question

Social phobia is most likely to be diagnosed in women around age

answer

question

Which of the following forms of intelligence would be most useful when solving real-world challenges?

answer

practical

question

According to your text, _____ percent of young adults in the United States rated their health as good, very good, or excellent

answer

question

Historically, most couples had their first child as teenagers, whereas now most women are having their first child at age

answer

question

College trends indicate that

answer

more girls than boys attend college

question

Schaie (2005) found that women consistently score lowest on a test that measures intellectual skills involving

answer

Spatial orientation

question

The period of emerging adulthood occurs between __________ years old.

answer

18 and 25

question

Generally speaking, married people are a little happier than unmarried ones. However, the largest difference was found in __________, where more married than single adults were "very happy."

answer

The United States

question

Midlife crisis

answer

has not been confirmed by a large research study

question

As adults grow older, job changes become more stressful because

answer

older workers may not have the job skills needed today, of possible age discrimination, and older people aren't wiling to relocate for a job (all of the above)

question

Long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to

answer

increase the risk of stroke

question

One study cited in your text found that people between _____ are most likely to be in committed, monogamous relationships.

answer

25 and 65 years old

question

Forms of recreation that risk causing injury or death, and are attractive and thrilling as a result, are referred to as

answer

extreme sports

question

Which disorder is characterized by having irrational thoughts, delusions, and hallucinations?

answer

schizophrenia

question

Spearman believed that

answer

there is one common factor that undergirds IQ.

question

An arrangement in which work schedules are flexible so that employees can balance responsibilities is called

answer

flextime

question

According to the text, by age ____, the immune system can fight off just about everything from the sniffles to cancer

answer

question

According to the text, physical aging is _________ to most people who experience it.

answer

not discouraging

question

Many couples are LAT, which stands for

answer

living apart together

question

Aggressive young adults

answer

rated themselves as quite conscientious

question

The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's prejudices is:

answer

Stereotype threat

question

According to your text, conscientiousness is most highly valued in

answer

New Mexico

question

The balance between various parts of the body systems is called

answer

homeostasis

question

A characteristic of adult friendships is that

answer

friendships improve with age

question

What is the major benefit of moderate alcohol consumption

answer

increased HDL

question

__________ is to outgoing as ________ is to curiosity.

answer

Extroversion; openness

question

_________ rewards of work are tangible rewards, such as salary, while _______ rewards of work are intangible rewards, such as job satisfaction

answer

Extrinsic; intrinsic

question

What country is the world leader of the obesity and diabetes epidemics?

answer

United States

question

Which therapist explained development as a sequence not linked to chronological age?

answer

Maslow

question

According to a Chicago study by Laumann and Michael (2000), adults of all ages were more likely to say that they were ___________ satisfied with sex if they were _________.

answer

extremely; in a monogamous relationship

question

A commonality among intimate relationships is that they

answer

progress from attraction to close connection to ongoing commitment

question

Which of the following refers to a procedure in which one sperm is inserted into one ovum?

answer

ICSI

question

In the United States, the number of declared homosexual couples:

answer

has likely increased due to homosexuals' willingness to declare themselves in official U.S. statistics.

question

Personality patterns of adults are affected by

answer

cultural norms, social context, and genetic continuity (all of the above)

question

In which of Erikson's stages do adults feel the need to mentor and help younger people?

answer

generativity vs. stagnation

question

An adult expresses generativity by:

answer

caring for others, such as young chinldren

question

A longitudinal study found that students at four-year colleges were more likely to be involved in _____ than were students at two-year colleges.

answer

extra-cirricular activities

question

The measure of health that determines how healthy and energetic an individual feels is:

answer

vitality

question

The idea that each of us enlarges our understanding, our experiences, and our resources through our intimate relationships is known as:

answer

self-expansion

question

Findings by Murray and others (2006) show that the 10 million Americans with the highest SES will outlive the 10 million with the lowest SES by about ____ years.

answer

question

What are some advantages adoptive parents have?

answer

the biological parents are usually absent, they are legally connected to their children, and they desperately wanted a child (all of the above)

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