Here we are asked to translate a sentence into Japanese by using the ～から construction to supply a reason or cause. With this answer, we are trying to express that we are not free today because we have a test tomorrow. Our first step will be to collect all the words we need to translate and put them in the preferred Japanese word order. Then, we will go through and add particles. After conjugating as needed, we cap the final sentence with ‘から’ and arrive at our answer.

The ～から construction is one of several different ways to express a reason for a situation, action, etc., and in the manner we are learning today, it closely resembles the English grammatical pattern of supplying the reason or cause after the situation or result. It is more common in Japanese, however, to supply the reason first, and most of the constructions we will learn for supplying reasons will be in this order. In fact, if you look at the footnote on Page 61 of your Genki I textbook, you will see a construction with ‘から’ that places the explanation first. Compared to other ways to supply a reason for something, ～から constructions are somewhat blunt or matter of fact, and when used to provide an excuse or explanation for one’s own behavior, they can be interpreted as rude.

For the first of the two sentences we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘I’; ‘today’; ‘free (as in having time)’; and the verb ‘to be.’ We see that ‘I’ is the topic of the sentence, so we will mark it with ‘は.’ Because it is a nonspecific time word, we do not need to mark ‘today’ with any kind of particle. Lastly, we have the word ‘free,’ a な-adjective. To express this as a state that we are in, we will need to conjugate the copula ‘です,’ which corresponds to the verb ‘to be,’ in the present negative tense.

For the second of the two sentences that we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘I’; ‘tomorrow’; ‘test’; and the verb ‘to have.’ Once again, ‘I’ is the topic of this sentence, but because it has already been established, it is preferred to omit the topic entirely. We see that ‘test’ is the direct object of the verb ‘to have,’ but we will recall from Chapter 3 that objects with ‘to have’ prefer the particle ‘が’ to the particle ‘を. Then, we will conjugate the verb ‘to have’ into the present tense, which can also imply future actions. Lastly, we will append the conjunctive particle ‘から’ to the end of verb to illustrate that the later sentence explains the first.

Once we put both of these sentences together, we arrive at the following answer:
私は今日暇じゃないです。明日テストがありますから。
（わたしはきょうひまじゃないです。あしたテストがありますから。）

Here we are asked to translate a sentence into Japanese by using the ～から construction to supply a reason or cause. With this answer, we are trying to express that the test was not difficult because we had studied a lot. Our first step will be to collect all the words we need to translate and put them in the preferred Japanese word order. Then, we will go through and add particles. After conjugating as needed, we cap the final sentence with ‘から’ and arrive at our answer.

The ～から construction is one of several different ways to express a reason for a situation, action, etc., and in the manner we are learning today, it closely resembles the English grammatical pattern of supplying the reason or cause after the situation or result. It is more common in Japanese, however, to supply the reason first, and most of the constructions we will learn for supplying reasons will be in this order. In fact, if you look at the footnote on Page 61 of your Genki I textbook, you will see a construction with ‘から’ that places the explanation first. Compared to other ways to supply a reason for something, ～から constructions are somewhat blunt or matter of fact, and when used to provide an excuse or explanation for one’s own behavior, they can be interpreted as rude.

For the first of the two sentences we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘test’; ‘difficult’; and the verb ‘to be.’ We see that ‘test’ is the topic of the sentence, so we will mark it with ‘は.’ Since this is a ‘XはYです’ construction, all we have left is the word ‘difficult,’ a な-adjective. To express this as a description of the test, we will need to conjugate the copula ‘です,’ which corresponds to the verb ‘to be,’ in the past negative form.

For the second of the two sentences that we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘I’; ‘a lot’; and the verb ‘to study.’ ‘I’ is the topic of this sentence, and because we had a different topic in the last sentence, we will mark it with ‘は.’ Adverbs like ‘a lot’ typically come directly before the verb they modify, which is where we will place it here. Then, we will conjugate the verb ‘to study’ into the past form. Lastly, we will append the conjunctive particle ‘から’ to the end of verb to illustrate that the later sentence explains the first.

Once we put both of these sentences together, we arrive at the following answer:
テストは難しくなかったです。たくさん勉強しましたから。
（テストはむずかしくなかったです。たくさんべんきょうしましたから。）

Here we are asked to translate a sentence into Japanese by using the ～から construction to supply a reason or cause. With this answer, we are trying to suggest going out tonight because tomorrow is a holiday. Our first step will be to collect all the words we need to translate and put them in the preferred Japanese word order. Then, we will go through and add particles. After conjugating as needed, we cap the final sentence with ‘から’ and arrive at our answer.

The ～から construction is one of several different ways to express a reason for a situation, action, etc., and in the manner we are learning today, it closely resembles the English grammatical pattern of supplying the reason or cause after the situation or result. It is more common in Japanese, however, to supply the reason first, and most of the constructions we will learn for supplying reasons will be in this order. In fact, if you look at the footnote on Page 61 of your Genki I textbook, you will see a construction with ‘から’ that places the explanation first. Compared to other ways to supply a reason for something, ～から constructions are somewhat blunt or matter of fact, and when used to provide an excuse or explanation for one’s own behavior, they can be interpreted as rude.

For the first of the two sentences we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘tonight’; the verb to go out’; and ‘let’s’. We will omit a topic in this sentence, as the verb form we will use later on will imply it. Because it is a nonspecific time word, we do not need to mark ‘tonight’ with any kind of particle. We will conclude this sentence by conjugating the verb ‘to go out’ into the ‘～ましょう’ form, which expresses the idea of ‘let’s.’

For the second of the two sentences that we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘tomorrow’; ‘holiday’; and the verb ‘to be.’ We do not need to mark ‘tomorrow’ with a particle (as it is a nonspecific time word), but we will here mark it with ‘は’ to better illustrate how this sentence explains the last. Since this is a ‘XはYです’ construction, all we have left is the word ‘holiday,’ a noun. To express this as a quality of the test, we will need to conjugate the copula ‘です,’ which corresponds to the verb ‘to be,’ in the present tense. Lastly, we will append the conjunctive particle ‘から’ to the end of verb to illustrate that the later sentence explains the first.

今晩出かけましょう。明日は休みですから。
（今ばんでかけましょう。あしたはやすみですから。）

Here we are asked to translate a sentence into Japanese by using the ～から construction to supply a reason or cause. With this answer, we are trying to express that we helped out mother because she was busy. Our first step will be to collect all the words we need to translate and put them in the preferred Japanese word order. Then, we will go through and add particles. After conjugating as needed, we cap the final sentence with ‘から’ and arrive at our answer.

The ～から construction is one of several different ways to express a reason for a situation, action, etc., and in the manner we are learning today, it closely resembles the English grammatical pattern of supplying the reason or cause after the situation or result. It is more common in Japanese, however, to supply the reason first, and most of the constructions we will learn for supplying reasons will be in this order. In fact, if you look at the footnote on Page 61 of your Genki I textbook, you will see a construction with ‘から’ that places the explanation first. Compared to other ways to supply a reason for something, ～から constructions are somewhat blunt or matter of fact, and when used to provide an excuse or explanation for one’s own behavior, they can be interpreted as rude.

For the first of the two sentences we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘I’; ‘my’; ‘mother’; and the verb ‘to help.’ We see that ‘I’ is the topic of the sentence, so we will mark it with ‘は.’ While we could use a verbal construction to express that the ‘mother’ in this sentence is ours, we will instead use the casual word for ‘mother,’ which itself carries the nuance of referring to one’s own mother. ‘My mother’ is the direct object of this sentence, so we will mark it with ‘を.’ Lastly, we will conjugate the verb ‘to help’ into the past form.

For the second of the two sentences that we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘she’; ‘busy’; and the verb ‘to be.’ We can use the word for she, ‘彼女（かのじょ）,’ for the topic of this sentence, but it is just as natural to repeat the word for ‘mother.’ (‘彼女’ can also mean girlfriend, but it obviously would not have this meaning in this sentence.) Since this is a ‘XはYです’ construction, all we have left is the word ‘busy,’ a な-adjective. To express that our mother was busy, we will need to conjugate the copula ‘です,’ which corresponds to the verb ‘to be,’ in the past form. Lastly, we will append the conjunctive particle ‘から’ to the end of verb to illustrate that the later sentence explains the first.

Once we put both of these sentences together, we arrive at the following answer:
私は母を手伝いました。母は忙しかったですから。
（私はははをてつだいました。はははいそがしかったですから。）

Here we are asked to translate a sentence into Japanese by using the ～から construction to supply a reason or cause. With this answer, we are trying to express that we will not drink coffee because we drank it this morning. Our first step will be to collect all the words we need to translate and put them in the preferred Japanese word order. Then, we will go through and add particles. After conjugating as needed, we cap the final sentence with ‘から’ and arrive at our answer.

The ～から construction is one of several different ways to express a reason for a situation, action, etc., and in the manner we are learning today, it closely resembles the English grammatical pattern of supplying the reason or cause after the situation or result. It is more common in Japanese, however, to supply the reason first, and most of the constructions we will learn for supplying reasons will be in this order. In fact, if you look at the footnote on Page 61 of your Genki I textbook, you will see a construction with ‘から’ that places the explanation first. Compared to other ways to supply a reason for something, ～から constructions are somewhat blunt or matter of fact, and when used to provide an excuse or explanation for one’s own behavior, they can be interpreted as rude.

For the first of the two sentences we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘I’; ‘coffee’; and the verb ‘to drink.’ We see that ‘I’ is the topic of the sentence, so we will mark it with ‘は.’ Since it is the direct object of the sentence, we will mark ‘coffee’ with the particle ‘を.’ Lastly, we will conjugate the verb ‘to help’ into the present/future negative form.

For the second of the two sentences that we are translating, these are the words that we will need: ‘I’; ‘morning’; ‘coffee’ and the verb ‘to drink.’ We do not need to reiterate that we are the one doing the action in this sentence, so we will omit the word ‘I.’ Because it is a nonspecific time word, we do not need to mark ‘morning’ with a particle. Once again, coffee is the direct object of this sentence, so we will mark it with ‘を.’ Then, we will conjugate the verb ‘to drink’ into the past form. Lastly, we will append the conjunctive particle ‘から’ to the end of verb to illustrate that the second sentence explains the first.

Once we put both of these sentences together, we arrive at the following answer:
私はコーヒーを飲みません。朝コーヒーを飲みましたから。
（私はコーヒーを飲みません。あさコーヒーを飲みましたから。）