Even though we don’t normally think of it this way, ‘there is/are’ is functionally a different verb than ‘to be.’ It uses the same words, but it’s meaning is totally different. Our familiarity with English can make it hard to understand why the copula ‘です’ and the verbs ‘あります/います’ are separate words, but as your textbook suggests, it is the best strategy to remember that ‘あります/います’ refer to location, possession (‘I have/you have’ and so forth), and events that will take place. Conversely, ‘です’ is used to liken two or more things to one another or to state that something simply exists. These words are extremely common in Japanese, so mastering their particulars is an important step toward proficiency in the language.
Much has been written on the difference between ‘は’ and ‘が,’ so for now, it is best to simply memorize that the subject of ‘あります/います’ always takes ‘が.’ (There are exceptions to this rule, but it is correct enough of the time to be useful to memorize as if there were not.)
Many early students of Japanese are taught to think of the particle ‘で’ as a correlate to the English preposition ‘at.’ Thus, learning that the verbs ‘あります/います’ use the particle ‘に’ can be confusing. This is because ‘で’ means ‘at’ only when referring to a verb of action (like drinking, eating, dancing, etc.), not a verb of existence or being. ‘に’ is the particle we use with such verbs. As you continue your study of Japanese, you will learn that ‘に’ in particular has many different applications, one of which is to refer to where something exists, resides, or generally is. Later in your studies, you will learn more verbs that prefer ‘に’ instead of ‘で.’
Since this sentence begins with ‘there is,’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a location sentence, so we find the location (‘over there’) and mark it with the particle ‘に.’ Then, we look for the subject, or what the ‘there is’ refers to (‘bus stop’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is inanimate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘ある’ conjugated into the present affirmative form. We arrive at this answer:
あそこにバス停があります。
あそこにバスていがあります。

Since this sentence begins with ‘there is,’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a location sentence, so we find the location (‘over there’) and mark it with the particle ‘に.’ Then, we look for the subject, or what the ‘there is’ refers to (‘bus stop’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is inanimate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘ある,’ conjugated into the present affirmative form. We arrive at this answer:
あそこにバス停があります。
あそこにバスていがあります。

Even though we don’t normally think of it this way, ‘there is/are’ is functionally a different verb than ‘to be.’ It uses the same words, but it’s meaning is totally different. Our familiarity with English can make it hard to understand why the copula ‘です’ and the verbs ‘あります/います’ are separate words, but as your textbook suggests, it is the best strategy to remember that ‘あります/います’ refer to location, possession (‘I have/you have’ and so forth), and events that will take place. Conversely, ‘です’ is used to liken two or more things to one another or to state that something simply exists. These words are extremely common in Japanese, so mastering their particulars is an important step toward proficiency in the language.
Much has been written on the difference between ‘は’ and ‘が,’ so for now, it is best to simply memorize that the subject of ‘あります/います’ always takes ‘が.’ (There are exceptions to this rule, but it is correct enough of the time to be useful to memorize as if there were not.)
Many early students of Japanese are taught to think of the particle ‘で’ as a correlate to the English preposition ‘at.’ Thus, learning that the verbs ‘あります/います’ use the particle ‘に’ can be confusing. This is because ‘で’ means ‘at’ only when referring to a verb of action (like drinking, eating, dancing, etc.), not a verb of existence or being. ‘に’ is the particle we use with such verbs. As you continue your study of Japanese, you will learn that ‘に’ in particular has many different applications, one of which is to refer to where something exists, resides, or generally is. Later in your studies, you will learn more verbs that prefer ‘に’ instead of ‘で.’
Since this sentence begins with ‘there will,’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a future event sentence, so we find the time (‘on Thursday’) and mark it with the particle ‘に.’ Then, we look for the subject, or what the ‘there will’ refers to (‘no class’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is inanimate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘ある,’ conjugated into the present negative form. We arrive at this answer:
木曜日にクラスがありません。

Since this sentence begins with ‘there will,’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a future event sentence, so we find the time (‘on Thursday’) and mark it with the particle ‘に.’ Then, we look for the subject, or what the ‘there will’ refers to (‘no class’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is inanimate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘ある,’ conjugated into the present negative form. We arrive at this answer:
木曜日にクラスがありません。

Even though we don’t normally think of it this way, ‘there is/are’ is functionally a different verb than ‘to be.’ It uses the same words, but it’s meaning is totally different. Our familiarity with English can make it hard to understand why the copula ‘です’ and the verbs ‘あります/います’ are separate words, but as your textbook suggests, it is the best strategy to remember that ‘あります/います’ refer to location, possession (‘I have/you have’ and so forth), and events that will take place. Conversely, ‘です’ is used to liken two or more things to one another or to state that something simply exists. These words are extremely common in Japanese, so mastering their particulars is an important step toward proficiency in the language.
Much has been written on the difference between ‘は’ and ‘が,’ so for now, it is best to simply memorize that the subject of ‘あります/います’ always takes ‘が.’ (There are exceptions to this rule, but it is correct enough of the time to be useful to memorize as if there were not.)
Many early students of Japanese are taught to think of the particle ‘で’ as a correlate to the English preposition ‘at.’ Thus, learning that the verbs ‘あります/います’ use the particle ‘に’ can be confusing. This is because ‘で’ means ‘at’ only when referring to a verb of action (like drinking, eating, dancing, etc.), not a verb of existence or being. ‘に’ is the particle we use with such verbs. As you continue your study of Japanese, you will learn that ‘に’ in particular has many different applications, one of which is to refer to where something exists, resides, or generally is. Later in your studies, you will learn more verbs that prefer ‘に’ instead of ‘で.’
Since this sentence begins with ‘I do not have’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a have sentence, so we only need to look for the subject, or what the ‘I do not have’ refers to (‘a dictionary’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is inanimate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘ある,’ conjugated into the present negative form. We arrive at this answer:
辞書がありません。
じしょがありません。

Since this sentence begins with ‘I do not have’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a have sentence, so we only need to look for the subject, or what the ‘I do not have’ refers to (‘a dictionary’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is inanimate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘ある,’ conjugated into the present negative form. We arrive at this answer:
辞書がありません。
じしょがありません。

Even though we don’t normally think of it this way, ‘there is/are’ is functionally a different verb than ‘to be.’ It uses the same words, but it’s meaning is totally different. Our familiarity with English can make it hard to understand why the copula ‘です’ and the verbs ‘あります/います’ are separate words, but as your textbook suggests, it is the best strategy to remember that ‘あります/います’ refer to location, possession (‘I have/you have’ and so forth), and events that will take place. Conversely, ‘です’ is used to liken two or more things to one another or to state that something simply exists. These words are extremely common in Japanese, so mastering their particulars is an important step toward proficiency in the language.
Much has been written on the difference between ‘は’ and ‘が,’ so for now, it is best to simply memorize that the subject of ‘あります/います’ always takes ‘が.’ (There are exceptions to this rule, but it is correct enough of the time to be useful to memorize as if there were not.)
Many early students of Japanese are taught to think of the particle ‘で’ as a correlate to the English preposition ‘at.’ Thus, learning that the verbs ‘あります/います’ use the particle ‘に’ can be confusing. This is because ‘で’ means ‘at’ only when referring to a verb of action (like drinking, eating, dancing, etc.), not a verb of existence or being. ‘に’ is the particle we use with such verbs. As you continue your study of Japanese, you will learn that ‘に’ in particular has many different applications, one of which is to refer to where something exists, resides, or generally is. Later in your studies, you will learn more verbs that prefer ‘に’ instead of ‘で.’
Since this sentence begins with ‘there is,’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a location sentence, so we find the location (‘over there’) and mark it with the particle ‘に.’ Then, we look for the subject, or what the ‘there is’ refers to (‘Professor Yamashita’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is animate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘いる,’ conjugated into the present affirmative form. We arrive at this answer:
あそこに山下先生がいます。
あそこにやましたせんせいがいます。

Since this sentence begins with ‘there is,’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. This is a location sentence, so we find the location (‘over there’) and mark it with the particle ‘に.’ Then, we look for the subject, or what the ‘there is’ refers to (‘Professor Yamashita’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ Because the subject is animate, we finish the sentence with the verb ‘いる,’ conjugated into the present affirmative form. We arrive at this answer:
あそこに山下先生がいます。
あそこにやましたせんせいがいます。

Even though we don’t normally think of it this way, ‘there is/are’ is functionally a different verb than ‘to be.’ It uses the same words, but it’s meaning is totally different. Our familiarity with English can make it hard to understand why the copula ‘です’ and the verbs ‘あります/います’ are separate words, but as your textbook suggests, it is the best strategy to remember that ‘あります/います’ refer to location, possession (‘I have/you have’ and so forth), and events that will take place. Conversely, ‘です’ is used to liken two or more things to one another or to state that something simply exists. These words are extremely common in Japanese, so mastering their particulars is an important step toward proficiency in the language.
Much has been written on the difference between ‘は’ and ‘が,’ so for now, it is best to simply memorize that the subject of ‘あります/います’ always takes ‘が.’ (There are exceptions to this rule, but it is correct enough of the time to be useful to memorize as if there were not.)
Many early students of Japanese are taught to think of the particle ‘で’ as a correlate to the English preposition ‘at.’ Thus, learning that the verbs ‘あります/います’ use the particle ‘に’ can be confusing. This is because ‘で’ means ‘at’ only when referring to a verb of action (like drinking, eating, dancing, etc.), not a verb of existence or being. ‘に’ is the particle we use with such verbs. As you continue your study of Japanese, you will learn that ‘に’ in particular has many different applications, one of which is to refer to where something exists, resides, or generally is. Later in your studies, you will learn more verbs that prefer ‘に’ instead of ‘で.’
Since this sentence begins with ‘I have’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. Because this is a have sentence, we only need to look for the subject, or what the ‘I have’ refers to (‘a child’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ The subject is animate, so we finish the sentence with the verb ‘いる,’ conjugated into the present affirmative form. We arrive at this answer:
子供がいます。
こどもがいます。

Since this sentence begins with ‘I have’ we know that it will translate to an ‘あります/います’ sentence. Because this is a have sentence, we only need to look for the subject, or what the ‘I have’ refers to (‘a child’), and mark it with the particle ‘が.’ The subject is animate, so we finish the sentence with the verb ‘いる,’ conjugated into the present affirmative form. We arrive at this answer:
子供がいます。
こどもがいます。