Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Essay Example

and enable easy measurement of these factors. A similar study conducted by Blackadar et Al (2001) found that the measurements of land contact times and bosom rate response during degree running at chosen velocity can provide accurate estimations of maximum aerophilic power.

Carpenter and Ledger (2004) argue that a comprehensive grasp of physiological factors is indispensable for all individuals engaged in athletics, whether as managers or performers. This knowledge is vital for the creation of efficient training programs and the enhancement of performance. This article will explore various approaches to sports and exercise science, emphasizing interdisciplinary practices, and elucidate how these methodologies can be implemented in professional contexts. In sports and exercise science, an interdisciplinary approach entails cooperative efforts between managers and experts in fields like physiology or psychology.

According to Miles et al. (1997), an interdisciplinary approach refers to the collaboration of multiple areas within sports and exercise science for integrated problem-solving. To conduct interdisciplinary research, it is crucial to incorporate information from various sub-disciplines of sports and exercise science right from the start of a specific research program (Burwitz et al., 1994). Williams and James (2001) have presented a model that demonstrates the impact of interdisciplinary approaches on the goals of a sport or exercise, with each area involved contributing to the overall outcome.

Multidisciplinary research takes a unique approach to integrating sub-disciplines in athletics and exercise science. Instead of merging the sub-disciplines, each subject independently focuses on a common topic (Burwitz et al. 1994). In contrast, interdisciplinary research involves multiple disciplines collaborating in a more organized and coordinated manner (Miles et al. 1997). In multidisciplinary approaches, each subject concentrates on finding solutions within their respective

discipline. For example, a physiologist investigates the body's response to exercise while other disciplines gather their own findings. On the other hand, interdisciplinary research promotes collaboration between disciplines, such as a physiologist working alongside a biomechanist to study how various techniques impact fatigue levels (Burwitz et al.).

In 1994, the integration of sub-disciplines in athletics and exercise science was deficient due to the multidisciplinary nature of research. This difficulty in combining different areas into an interdisciplinary approach led to most research in this field being focused on a single discipline (Burwitz et al 1994). However, incorporating multi and interdisciplinary research has the potential to improve the overall standard of research. By combining subjects such as physiology and biomechanics, it becomes easier to address issues like injury, fatigue, and poor technique. Taking a team approach that combines knowledge and methods from different areas can effectively solve problems.

Despite these similarities, there are notable differences between the two mentioned attacks. Interdisciplinary approaches seem to be more effective in bringing about improvements as they involve subjects that act as "bridge-building" (Squires et al 1975). This means that expert knowledge from various subjects is merged to focus on a specific problem. On the other hand, multidisciplinary approaches gather knowledge rather than combine it; thus, sub-disciplines work independently during the research process before coming together to reach a conclusion on a given problem (Burwitz et al 1994). According to Burwitz et al (1994), an interdisciplinary approach reveals potential conflicts between subjects.

There are disagreements among sub-disciplines regarding positions given by different countries, which is less likely to happen in multi-disciplinary attacks where subjects do not work in direct contact with each other. However,

the definitions of the two attacks are not clear because many sports and exercise scientists consider multi and inter-disciplinary as synonymous terms (Burwitz et al 1994). The professional experience focused on sports science, which involves collaborations with managers and performance managers (Smith 2001). The experience primarily took a physiological approach. Researchers have accumulated an extensive amount of knowledge about physical activity, leading to its establishment as a separate academic field within the biological sciences (Katch et al 2000).

The study of how the body responds and adapts to exercise, known as the physiology of exercising, focuses on identifying physiological features that explain performance and finding ways to improve it (Bromley et al 2007). Middle distance running effectively utilizes this definition. In this sport, oxidative phosphorylation is the main energy-producing metabolic pathway. As a result, the fitness parameters that are closely correlated with performance are oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake required for different speeds (running economy), and sustained oxygen uptake without significant lactate accumulation in the blood (Jones, 1998). Understanding these factors' principles will enhance endurance performance and enable athletes to overcome and improve upon these challenges.

During the professional experience, the research worker was asked about the involvement of other subjects in evaluating the research's findings. The inquiries included asking if there were any other professionals in athletics and exercise science, such as biomechanists or psychologists, besides the physiologist conducting the research. They also asked if the results would be compared to other subjects and communicated to the athlete. The responses to these inquiries showed that the research was focused solely on one discipline and did not involve interaction with other subjects in athletics science. It was

suggested that incorporating a multi or interdisciplinary approach in athletics and exercise science would have greatly improved the study by providing feedback from multiple areas, thereby increasing its value.

The purpose of the research was to examine the reliability and validity of heart rate as a predictor of endurance performance by analyzing its response to ground contact times during treadmill running. In addition to physiological assessments, the researcher suggested that the athlete be evaluated by a biomechanist to determine if running technique affected fatigue. The biomechanist could analyze the athlete's running on a force plate, measuring the force exerted and identifying excessive force that could lead to faster fatigue. This information could then be shared with the physiologist to develop a solution and improve the athlete's running efficiency. This interdisciplinary approach involves multiple disciplines working together to provide better feedback and ultimately enhance performance. In contrast, the professional experience mentioned in the study focused solely on the physiological changes of athletes during treadmill runs and was therefore considered mono-disciplinary.

Based on the previous discussion, it might have been beneficial for the athlete to present additional dimensions in order to receive more feedback on how to improve. However, it is important to note that this study was funded by The British Milers Club, a reputable organization in the field of middle distance running. The main purpose of the study was to examine the monitoring of endurance performance, and introducing other topics could have potentially confounded the findings and detracted from the original intent of the study.