History Of Telephone Essay Example

the telegraph line at each end.

During the period when Alexander Graham Bell made his discovery (author and date should be inserted here), there was a significant climate that contributed to his advancement. Bell, who was originally from Scotland, worked alongside his father Melville Bell in London. Melville Bell had developed a written system called Visible Speech, which was used to teach the deaf how to speak. In the 1870s, the Bell family relocated to Boston, Massachusetts. In this new location, Alexander Bell found employment as a teacher for the deaf and dedicated much of his time to studying sound and acoustics (Count Du. Moncel Theadore, 1879).

With the help of Thomas Watson, Alexander Bell discovered that it was possible to transmit not just individual sound tones, but also complex sound waves like the human voice, over a telegraph wire. This realization occurred in March of 1876, when Bell sent a message to Watson saying "come here, I need you." Watson heard this message through the receiver and was filled with excitement (Count Du. Moncel Theadore, 1879). III.

Effects of Advancement * Discuss the advancement in detail (insert author and date) Bell came up with a method of transmitting multiple tones on a telegraph wire by using a multi-reed device known as a telephone. In 1875, Bell created an acoustic telegraph (Cason, 1910). On March 10, 1876, Bell successfully made his telephone function by utilizing a liquid transmitter (Boettinger, 1983). The movement of the diaphragm caused a needle to vibrate in the water, which altered the electrical resistance.

On March 7, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, aged 29, received a patent for his revolutionary invention called the telephone (Count Du.

Moncel Theadore, 1879). Interestingly enough, the telephone initially did not gain immediate popularity. In fact, Western Union, the leading telecommunication company of that era, rejected Bell's offer to sell them the patent for $100 thousand dollars (FCC, 1939). Nevertheless, as time passed by, public interest in this novel communication device started to grow. Eventually, in 1877, Western Union reconsidered their earlier decision and approached Bell with an intention to acquire both the telephone and his company.

Bell refused to give up because he recognized the potential of his invention (FCC, 1939). In 1877, the Bell Telephone Company was founded with the aim of making telephones accessible to everyone (FCC, 1939). The company conducted initial public demonstrations using a design similar to the earlier magnetic coil membrane units. One notable demonstration took place in June 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Subsequent tests and improvements were made to the equipment.

On October 9, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell tested his telephone by establishing a two-way connection between Boston and Cambridge Port, Massachusetts over a distance of approximately five kilometers or slightly over three miles (Cason, 1910). The first practical use of the telephone for business purposes occurred in May 1877 when telephones were installed in the offices of customers of the E. T. Holmes burglar alarm company (FCC, 1939).

The early telephone transmitters were not performing well, prompting several inventors to continue working in this field. One of these inventors was Thomas Alva Edison. In 1886, he designed a voice transmitter that involved a cavity filled with carbonized anthracite coal granules (Boettinger, 1983). These carbon granules were placed between two electrodes through which a constant electric current flowed. One

electrode was connected to a thin iron diaphragm. When sound waves caused the diaphragm to vibrate, the carbon granules were compressed and released alternately. This fluctuation in the distance across the granules resulted in variations in the electric current's resistance. These variations in current were then transmitted to the receiver. Edison's carbon transmitter was simple, effective, inexpensive, and durable enough to become the basis for standard telephone transmitter design until the 1970s (Boettinger, 1983).

The impact of advancements on the humanities during the (insert author and date) era is discussed. Initially, after the invention of the telephone, all subscribers in a specific area were interconnected through a telephone line. To make a call, individuals would ring the desired recipient across the line. However, numerous technical issues and public concern led to the development of exchange systems and switchboards. These systems allowed all lines to converge at a central office, enabling connections with other lines using a switchboard. Technological progress also brought about changes in gender representation in the workforce. Initially, most operators were men, but in 1978, women started being hired. It took a few more years for their gentle and poised demeanor, as well as their ability to communicate calmly and pleasantly, to be recognized and valued.

When mobile phones were first introduced, people saw them as a specialized form of telephone service that could be useful for various mobile professions like craftsmen, photographers, and repairmen (Brock, 1981). However, the significance of mobile phones for personal communication was greatly underestimated. According to Boettinger (1983), a similar perception existed in the 1870s when the telephone was introduced, as it was seen as a luxury mainly for businessmen,

doctors, and craftsmen.

Previously considered less valuable than the telegraph, the telephone has now established itself as a means of communication within social circles. It has integrated into our mainstream culture, resulting in the development of various practices and habits. Similar to how pre-industrial societies would create songs about farming activities, rock music from the fifties onwards frequently centers around cars and motorbikes.

In the contemporary IT era, songs about mobile phones are frequently heard as they have had a significant influence on our lives. Mobile devices have transformed our behaviors and expectations. When someone is running behind schedule for a meeting, it has become customary to notify others by placing a phone call on their mobile phones. There is no longer a necessity to plan ahead and agree upon a specific time and location to meet; individuals can now easily contact each other through their mobile devices and share their current whereabouts.

People have a conflicting perspective on their phones, appreciating the freedom and technology they offer, along with the prestige of owning expensive ones. However, they dislike the constant connectivity to work and the inability to disconnect. Some individuals also resent how others utilize their phones, like loud businesspeople on trains or teenagers playing music loudly on buses. Additionally, mobile phones face criticism for their negative impact on language.

The emergence of innovative spelling techniques due to the demand for concise messages has been a result of the rise of text messaging. Txtspk, despite facing criticism for its perceived negative impact on English language skills and literacy rates, has become the most popular means of communication among teenagers. 66% of teenagers confess a preference for texting friends

over engaging in phone conversations.

There are new rules in place for using mobile phones in public places like theatres, cinemas, and restaurants. Despite the widespread agreement that answering a phone during a theatre performance is very impolite, unfortunately, this behavior continues to happen. The mobile phone, similar to past technological advancements such as steam trains, motor cars, rock music, and computer games, has both dedicated followers and critics who believe it contributes to societal problems. In [Author's Name] [Date], we will explore the influence of this technological advancement on the world by looking at important historical events that have shaped the future.

The changes mentioned in the text affect not only local or national levels, but can also have a global impact. Telephones have been beneficial for various professionals such as physicians, police, fire, and emergency workers ever since they became accessible to the public. Furthermore, phones have facilitated social decentralization by encouraging people to move out of cities and by enabling more flexible work arrangements. The global interconnection of businesses through wireless internet services available on cell phones has not only transformed marketing practices but also influenced politics. The inclusion of cameras on phones has played a pivotal role in generating a new wave of citizen journalists. In the Middle East, for example, protesters have utilized this tool to both advance democracy and organize grassroots activities. Consequently, this has led to a more public feedback system, making the world feel smaller and promoting increased contact among individuals from diverse nations. Ultimately, such developments can contribute to fostering peace worldwide.

The introduction of wireless cell phones has brought about advancements in networked communications. Although instant messaging has

had a detrimental impact on the postal service's business, it has created new job prospects in telecommunication. Furthermore, the telephone has transformed the way information is transmitted. Additionally, we will delve into this progression's evolution along with the inclusion of author and date. It is worth noting that earlier iterations of telephones were unwieldy.

Initially, telephone calls required a connection between the caller and another person via an operator. Additionally, the microphone's limited sensitivity meant that the phone was better at receiving calls than transmitting them. Operators had to manually disconnect and reconnect sockets on switchboards to connect calls. However, as more people desired telephones, the switchboard system needed upgrading. The advancement of telephone technology led to an increase in demand for its services.

According to Cason (1910), the telephone had 50,000 subscribers from its invention until 1880. Nevertheless, it took nearly a century for significant enhancements to occur within the system. Users were no longer reliant on operators for connections and could now establish them independently. As technology progressed, there was an increased demand for improved telephones. The twentieth century witnessed the telephone becoming a primary means of communication. In 1878, the idea of integrating the transmitter and receiver in one handle was introduced in instruments used by telephone operators in a New York City exchange.

Charles Williams, Jr. introduced the earliest telephone instrument in 1882. This instrument, designed for wall mounting, included a ringer, hand-cranked magneto, hand receiver, switch hook, and transmitter. Different versions of this telephone were used in the United States until the 1950s. The traditional rotary dialer was invented in the 1890s and operated using a spring and mechanical governor. Desk instruments were

first built in 1897.

Patterned after the wall-mounted telephone, they usually consisted of a separate receiver and transmitter. * Discuss effects of advancement on later time periods (insert author and date) In 1927, however, the American Telephone ; Telegraph Company (AT;T) introduced the E1A handset with a combined transmitter-receiver arrangement (AT;T, 1992). The first telephone to combine all station apparatus components into one instrument was the combined set of 1937 (Brock, 1981). Approximately 25 million of these instruments were produced until they were replaced by a new design in 1949. The 1949 telephone was a completely innovative model, incorporating significant advancements in audio quality, mechanical design, and physical construction. Push-button versions of this set became available in 1963 (AT;T, 1992).

In the 1980s, cordless telephones became popular as they provided limited mobility within a home or office, allowing users to move up to a hundred meters away from the telephone instrument. These phones functioned as wireless extensions to existing wiring, communicating with a base unit connected to a telephone jack. Initially, analog modulation methods were used and they operated on a pair of frequencies. The Bell Telephone Company maintained tight control over its patents to prevent competition in the telephone industry. However, when these patents expired in 1893 and 1894, independent telephone companies emerged in various cities and small towns. Eventually, around 80 percent of customers in the United States and many in Canada were served by AT;T after a period of consolidation in the early 1900s.

AT;T acquired the Bell Telephone Company in 1900 (AT;T, 1992). This previously stagnant technology has since become the paramount means of communication in our lives. The introduction of commercial mobile telephony

can be traced back to 1946 (Brock, 1981), while public mobile telephone usage emerged in the post-World War II era of the 1940s (Brock, 1981). Despite the existence of rudimentary mobile telephones before the war, these devices were primarily government or industry-specific two-way radios that required manual connection to the landline telephone network. In fact, Manhattan fireboats and tugboats were equipped with such radiotelephones as early as the 1930s.

These were private services. Commercial mobile telephony began in 1946 when a wireless device connected the public switched telephone network and was offered to the general public by a common carrier or public utility. The mobile phone has become the favored communication hub for the majority of Americans. V. Conclusion * Recap thesis statement The importance of Alexander Graham Bell on today's society is visible, or rather audible, everywhere.

The telephone has undergone significant advancements in tone dialing, call tracing, music on hold, and electronic ringers, revolutionizing its functionality. This incredible invention has enabled global communication around the clock, accelerating progress and fostering receptivity to change. Bell's invention has greatly served humanity and will remain a valuable asset for society in the future. Additionally, the mobile phone has notably liberated us from spatial limitations, which is perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this technological development. These advancements have significantly impacted the humanities and the world at large.

It is unfortunate that mobile phones were not available when humans first existed on the savannah. If they were, people would have used them to communicate and say, "Light the fire, honey, because I'll be home soon with half a lion." Mobile telephony is more than just radio waves and electronics; it

is about human communication. Talking to each other has always been important for our survival, even from the day we started walking upright. Communication is crucial for our existence, and without it, telecommunications and society as a whole would not exist.

AT;T archives in Warren, NJ provides a reference to events in the history of telecommunications (AT;T, 1992, p. P).

242. Boettinger, H. M. (1983). The Telephone Book: Bell, Watson, Vail, and American life.

The text below should beand unified while keeping the and their contents:

2nd edition. New York: Stearn Publishers. Page 230.

ISBN 0-9612186-0-6. Brock. W. G.

(1981). The Telecommunications Industry: The Dynamics of Market Structure. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 336.

ISBN 0-674-87285-1. Cason. N. H. (1910). The History of the Telephone.

Chicago: A. C. McClurg. p.

315. ISBN 0-8369-6608-2. Count Du Moncel Theadore. A. L.

(1879). The Telephone, the Microphone, and the Phonograph. New York: Harper. p.

363. ISBN 0-405-06039-4. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). (1939).

Investigation of the Telephone Industry in the United States. 76th Congress, 1st Session, House Document 340. P. 661.