This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward if every day is fun/if she has fun every day. She answers that not every day is fun. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんは毎日、楽しくないと言っていました。
（ワォードさんは毎日、たのしくないといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward what kind of cuisine she likes. She answers that she likes Mexican cuisine. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんはメキシコの料理が好きだと言っていました。
（ワォードさんはメキシコのりょうりがすきだといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward if she drinks alcohol. She answers that she does. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんはお酒を飲むと言っていました。
（ワォードさんはおさけをのむといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask what kind of sports Ward likes. She answers that she does not like sports at all. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんはスポーツが全然好きじゃないと言っていました。
（ワォードさんはスポーツがぜんぜんすきじゃないといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

Though we would usually use the polite ‘お兄さん（おにいさん）’ to refer to someone else’s older brother, we instead will use ‘兄（あに）,’ as we are reporting a statement exactly as it was made by someone else.

We ask if Ward has siblings. She answers that she has an older brother. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんは兄が一人いると言っていました。
（ワォードさんはあにが一人いるといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward where she lives. She answers that she lives in Vermont. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんはバーモントに住んでいると言っていました。
（ワォードさんはバーモントにすんでいるといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask if Ward she is married. She answers that she is not. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんは結婚していないと言っていました。
（ワォードさんはけっこんしていないといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward if she owns a car. She answers that does. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんは車を持っていると言っていました。
（ワォードさんはくるまをもっているといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward what she usually does on the weekends. She answers that she usually studies on weekends. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさん週末はたいてい勉強すると言っていました。
（ワォードさんはしゅうまつはたいていべんきょうするといっていました。）

This question asks us to report the answers of another person. Your answers will vary when you do this exercise on your own, but for the purposes of illustration, we will pretend to ask our friend Ward (‘ウォード’) and make up her answers. We will report her answers by using ‘～と言っていました.’

Remember to keep the tense of the original utterance/thought the same, regardless of the tense of the final verb, either ‘言う（いう）’ or ‘思う（おもう）.’ Though the tense remains the same, the form may not—it is preferred to use a short form before the particle ‘と.’ In the next chapter, you will learn how to make short forms in the past, which you can use to report utterances and thoughts that applied to the past (such as, ‘John said that he saw/had seen a ghost’).

When we are expressing thoughts about and reporting utterances of other people, it is natural that more than one conversational topic and more than one grammatical subject will arise. To translate the sentence, ‘she said her major is Japanese,’ we have several options:
• かのじょはせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This is the most literal translation of the above sentence, even though the repeated use of ‘は’ is somewhat ungainly: this translation would be appropriate as a plain statement of fact.
• かのじょのせんこうはにほんごだといっていました。This emphasizes that the major is hers, but it leaves the fact that she was the one who said it implied: this translation is likely the most natural, but not necessarily the most exact/the most appropriate for the purposes of learning how to quote others.
• かのじょはせんこうがにほんごだといっていました。This translation emphasizes the fact that her major is Japanese: this translation would be appropriate if someone asked you ‘why does she speak Japanese’ or ‘why does she speak Japanese so well,’ for example.
The differences between ‘は’ and ‘が’ can be difficult to articulate and understand, even for native Japanese speakers. Any of these translations can work, but knowing which to use and when will be an important part of mastering the language. Don’t worry too much if you don’t yet understand all of their nuances—the best way to learn the differences between the two particles is through practice and exposure to the language.

We ask Ward a question of our own. We ask her what her major is. She answers that her major is French. We report her answer as follows:
ワォードさんは専攻はフランス語だと言っていました。
（ワォードさんはせんこうはフランス語だといっていました。）