Binet And Simon test questions and answers | Get Access To Binet And Simon Flashcards and exam tests

Q: Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test in order to

identify children who would need special help in school. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/lgd-ch-6/

Q: 27. Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

academic aptitude More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/19-chapter-10/

Q: In order to determine whether a child’s intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child’s:

mental age More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/psych-test-4-2/

Q: To determine whether a child’s intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child’s

mental age. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/a-p-psych-unit-11/

Q: To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children’s: b. reasoning skills.

b More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chap-11-intelligence/

Home Page Social Science Psychology Psychometrics Binet And Simon

We've found 17 Binet And Simon tests

AP Psychology Appearance And Behavior Binet And Simon Body Parts Psychology Three Dimensional Arrangement

AP PSYCH UNIT 7B 3 – Flashcards 55 terms

Jazzlyn Howe

55 terms

Preview

AP PSYCH UNIT 7B 3 – Flashcards

question

As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself i before e except after c. Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of

answer

a heuristic

question

Myra has such low self-esteem that she typically expects critical comments about her appearance and behavior. Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of

answer

confirmation bias

question

Tapes of abducted and brutalized children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

answer

the availability heuristic

question

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by a fire, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

answer

the availability heuristic

question

University students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrated the impact of

answer

confirmation bias

question

Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seatbelts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of

answer

the availability heuristic

question

We fear too little those events that will claim lives

answer

undramatically

question

Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates

answer

overconfidence

question

When Larina entered high school she was certain that she would never eat any of the junk food sold in the vending machines. By the end of tenth grade, however, Larina was munching on at least one bag of chips a day. Larina's experience best illustrates

answer

overconfidence

question

answer

overconfidence

question

After taking two years of college economics courses, Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire. Lionel should become more aware of

answer

overconfidence

question

Students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects. This best illustrates the impact of

answer

overconfidence

question

Stockbrokers who market their services with confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

answer

appear credible to their customers

question

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

answer

belief perseverance

question

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

answer

belief perseverance

question

Encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote

answer

belief perseverance

question

It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of

answer

belief perseverance

question

People with opposing views of capital punishment reviewed mixed evidence regarding its effectiveness as a crime deterrent. As a result, their opposing views differed more strongly than ever. This best illustrates

answer

belief perseverance

question

Research findings suggest that the best advice to give people who want to avoid belief perseverance is

answer

consider the opposite

question

Andre first became suspicious of his roommate's honesty while trying to account for his own missing wallet. Although Andre later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, his newly formed doubt about his roommate's honesty remained as strong as ever. Andre's irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates

answer

the belief perseverance phenomenon

question

The value of generating positive first impressions in your initial interactions with a new employer is best underscored by the research on

answer

belief perseverance

question

People are often positively impressed by research that supports their own point of view. Asking them whether they would have been equally impressed by the same research if it had provided results that disputed their point of view is likely to inhibit

answer

belief perseverance

question

Rochelle is extremely thin but is convinced that she is too fat. Rochelle's certainty is best explained by which of the following concepts?

answer

belief perseverance

question

In contrast to our explicit conscious reasoning, our seemingly effortless and automatic feelings or thoughts are called

answer

intuitions

question

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality, it is often valuable because it facilitates

answer

quick decisions

question

If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way, we maywithout consciously recalling the earlier experiencereact warily. This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by

answer

intuition

question

Without awareness, we often use highly adaptive heuristics. This best illustrates the value of

answer

intuition

question

When asked to indicate whether San Diego or San Antonio has more inhabitants, more German university students answered correctly than did American university students. This best illustrated the adaptive value of a(n)

answer

heuristic

question

Experienced chicken sexers can tell you a chick's sex at a glance, yet cannot tell you how they do it. Their acquired expertise is such an automatic habit that it feels like

answer

intuition

question

Framing refers to

answer

the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded

question

In writing survey questions, political pollsters who want to gather evidence of people's support for particular viewpoints are especially likely to be aware of

answer

the framing effect

question

People told that a chemical in the air is projected to kill 10 out of every 10 million people feel more frightened than if told the fatality risk is .000001. This best illustrates the importance of

answer

framing

question

Which of the following is the best example of framing?

answer

A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.

question

Ojinska sold many more raffle tickets when she told potential buyers they had a 10 percent chance of winning a prize than when she told them they had a 90 percent chance of not winning. This best illustrates

answer

the framing effect

question

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the impact of

answer

the framing effect

question

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

answer

framing

question

Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as 75 percent lean than to ground beef described as 25 percent fat. This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by

answer

framing

question

Companies are being encouraged to enroll their employees in a 401(k) plan automatically while allowing them to choose to raise their take-home pay by opting out of the plan. The previous plan had asked employees to opt-in to participate in the plan. Under the opt-out rather than opt-in system, enrollments in 401(k) plans soared. This best illustrates the impact of

answer

framing

question

People are less upset than when they miss getting an early payment discount than when they are asked to bear a late payment surcharge. This best illustrates the importance of

answer

framing

question

People are very likely to decide to be organ donors when the default option on their renewable drivers' license forms is yes but they can choose to drop out. They are much less likely to decide to be organ donors if the default option on their license forms is no but they can choose to opt in. This best illustrates the effects of

answer

framing

question

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute

answer

language

question

Language refers to the

answer

spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning.

question

The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a

answer

phoneme

question

The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different

answer

phonemes

question

How many phonemes are in the word bats?

answer

question

How many morphemes are in the word bats?

answer

question

When Fred pronounced the words this and that, he noticed that they share a common

answer

phoneme

question

English words are constructed from about ________ different phonemes.

answer

question

The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called

answer

morphemes

question

Morphemes are

answer

the smallest speech units that carry meaning

question

In the words helped and called, the ed ending is a(n)

answer

morpheme

question

In the words lightly, neatly, and shortly, the ly ending is a(n

answer

morpheme

question

The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

answer

grammar

question

Semantics refers to the

answer

rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences.

question

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

answer

syntax

STUDY

Abnormal Psychology Binet And Simon Cognitive Psychology Junior High School Psychology

PSYC exam 2b — part 2 – Flashcards 46 terms

Matilda Campbell

46 terms

Preview

PSYC exam 2b — part 2 – Flashcards

question

what was Herman Ebbinghus's contribution to the study of memory

answer

He was the first to do experiments to measure memory

question

when Ebbinghus pioneered the experimental study of memory, what did he memorize?

answer

nonsense syllables

question

in Ebbinghus's studies of memorization of nonsense syllables, who did the memorizing

answer

Ebbinghus himself

question

Professor Yawnmore asks you to write by memory a list of all the recipients of the Nobel prize. what kind of memory test is this?

answer

free recall

question

an essay exam is best described as what type of memory?

answer

free recall

question

you history professor gives you a list of the initials of all the US presidents and VP's and asks you to fill in the names. what kind of memory test is this

answer

cured recall

question

what kind of memory test are you taking right now?

answer

recognition

question

one unusual feature of implicit memory is that

answer

people can display implicit memory without realizing that they are using memory

question

what is unusual about implicit test of memory, as compared to recall and recognition?

answer

implicit test measure the person's depth of processing

question

once you learn to ride a bicycle, you never forget, pertain to _____ memory

answer

procedural

question

you try to sketch a picture of you psychology lecture hall. while you never tried to remember the types of chairs or color of the carpet, your drawing is mostly correct. your drawing is an example of ____

answer

implicit

question

a lineup measure memory in what way?

answer

recognition

question

in what way is identifying a suspect from a lineup similar to taking a multiple choice test?

answer

both are a form of a recognition memory rest.

question

when a witness picks a suspect from a line up, what do many psychologists recommend?

answer

ask for a yes/no decision on each suspect, one at a time.

question

suppose we suspect someone has abused a child. what is a good advice for someone interviewing the child

answer

use open- ended questions such as "what happened"

question

according to the information - processing model of memory, human memory is most analogous to

answer

a computer

question

someone asks you what time it is. you answer them. a few second after you been distracted, someone asks again but you forgotten. what type of memory is this?

answer

shot- term

question

memory of a specific experience such as a graduating from high school is know as

answer

episodic memory

question

your memory of the rules of basketball or gold is a type of ____ memory

answer

semantic memory

question

remembering the event when you move into you current home is what type of memory?

answer

episodic

question

when you remember how a clock works, what type of memory is that?

answer

semantic

question

research in the 1950's suggested that the capacity of short terms memory is

answer

about seven items

question

if you remember the numbers "1441653" as "144-1653" you are improving you ability to store the information by means of

answer

chucking

question

executive functioning (one aspect of working memory) is responsible for what?

answer

a shifting attention from one task to another

question

what is true of "flashbulb: memories of highly emotional events?

answer

they are extremely detailed but now always accurate

question

the tendency to remember the first items on a list is the _____ effect. The tendency to remember the last items is the ___ effect

answer

primacy... recency

question

if you have a short time to memorize a long list of words, which study method works best?

answer

for each item. think about how to use it in a life or death situation.

question

according to the depth- of- processing principle, why are some memories easier to recall?

answer

we thought about them more during the storage process.

question

when you are trying to remember a list of words, the more you think about this meaning , the easier they will be to remember later. this is known as the

answer

depth- of- processing principle.

question

the depth- of processing principle helps to explain

answer

where certain memories are stored in the brain

question

according to the encoding specificity principle, retrieval cues are the best at stimulating a memory if those cues

answer

use the same auditory frequency as the theta waves in the brain

question

the tendency to remember something better if your body is in the same condition during recall as it was during original learning is known as

answer

state- dependent memory

question

when you ready the word "pop" on a list, you think of it as breaking a balloon. Later when someone asks what the word on the list refers to a kind of drink, you don't think or "pop" why not?

answer

encoding specificity principle

question

if it is important to remember certain details from a party last night, what would help?

answer

a return to the same location at the same tome of day with the same people presetnt

question

according to the principle of encoding specificity, to do well on a test you should

answer

study at the same time and places as you will be tested.

question

what is good advice if you want to remember something long-term?

answer

break up you study into many session at different times and places.

question

you plan to spend 12 hours studying for a test. what strategy is most effective?

answer

study one hour each day for 12 days

question

you study something until you are confident that you will remember it. then what?

answer

even if you repeat it now, you underestimate how much you will forget.

question

if you study under varied conditions at varied times of day, with small amounts of study at each time, spread out over long intervals, what is the result?

answer

rapid learning and good long term retention

question

memorizing a list of locations and using them to remember a list of names is an example of

answer

a mnemonic device

question

john needed to remember the last 10 president of the US. He generated an image of each of the president located somewhere in his house. John used

answer

the method of loci

question

what does it mean to say that memory is a "reconstruction"

answer

when you remember, you will in the gaps with reasonable guesses.

question

Hermann ebbinghaus forgot a new list that he learned faster than most college student who participated in later experiments. Who did Ebbingaus forgot to rapidly?

answer

proactive interference

question

first you memorized the street map of Detroit. If you now memorize the street map of Philadelphia, you might forget the Detroit map because of

answer

retoroactive interference

question

Both proactive interference and retoactive interference

answer

increases forgetting

question

in which case are people LEAST likely to remember a traumatic experience?

answer

if their family provided support and encouragement

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Psychometrics

AP Psychology Chapter 10 Test Questions – Flashcards 75 terms

Rosa Sloan

75 terms

Preview

AP Psychology Chapter 10 Test Questions – Flashcards

question

Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford-Binet. Sorina's chronological age is A) 6. B) 8. C) 9. D) 10. E) 12.5.

answer

B) 8.

question

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and _ intelligence. A) intrapersonal. B) creative. C) spatial. D) musical. E) physical.

answer

B) creative.

question

An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the A) initiation of neural impulses B) release of endorphins into the central nervous system C) release of hormones into the bloodstream D) activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system. E) inheritance of behavioral predispositions.

answer

A) initiation of neural impulses

question

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is your line of vision. This best illustrates A) sensory deprivation. B) selective attention. C) the phi phenomenon. D) convergence. E) visual capture.

answer

B) selective attention.

question

The best predictor that infants will develop high levels of intellectual aptitude is their A) readiness to crawl at an early age B) capacity for imitating adult facial expressions. C) tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to a novel picture. D) ability to discriminate their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.

answer

C) tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to a novel picture.

question

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that A) desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of black American children. B) the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American children. C) among American Blacks, those with African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores. D) the Black-White differences in SAT scores has increased since 1979. E) the average vocabulary achievement test scores of North American and Asian children are about the same.

answer

B) the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American children.

question

Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person's specific mental abilities as A) IQ. B) heritability. C) the g factor. D) factor analysis. E) emotional intelligence.

answer

C) the g factor.

question

In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that A) the test would measure capacities that were determined by heredity and thus unalterable. B) the test would yield an intelligence quotient consisting of chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100. C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age. D) measures of physical and sensory skills would be good predictors of school achievement. E) intelligence tests translated into French would be more valid than other tests.

answer

C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age.

question

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is A) inhibited by the myelin sheath. B) delayed by the refractory period. C) an all-or-none response. D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. E) primarily electrical rather than chemical.

answer

C) an all-or-none response.

question

The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of A) taste B) sight. C) hearing. D) touch. E) smell.

answer

D) touch.

question

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relieve his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of A) hypnagogic sensations. B) age regression. C) REM rebound. D) temporal dissociation. E) the hidden observer.

answer

B) age regression.

question

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influential by environment? A) Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings. B) The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with those of their parents. C) Identical twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are fraternal twins. D)The intelligence scores of siblings reared together are positively correlated. E) Different national groups have different average intelligence scores.

answer

A) Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings.

question

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence? A) Trudy, a high school student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course B) Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff C) Wilma, a schoolteacher who refuses to pay taxes because they are used to develop new weapons. D) Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time E) Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error

answer

D) Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

question

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce A) the framing effect. B) functional fixedness. C) confirmation bias. D) algorithms. E) heuristics.

answer

C) confirmation bias.

question

Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of A) practical intelligence. B) creativity. C) the Flynn effect. D) savant syndrome. E) the g factor.

answer

B) creativity.

question

A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admission test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is A) standardized. B) valid. C) factor-analyzed. D) normally distributed. E) reliable.

answer

B) valid.

question

The distribution of intelligence scores among _ Americans is represented by the normal curve. A) Asian B) white C) Hispanic D) black E) members of any of the above groups of

answer

E) members of any of the above groups of

question

Joni claims that she is intellectually gifted because she "possesses" an IQ of 145. She is most clearly committing the error known as A) heritability. B) the Flynn effect. C) reification. D) the naturalistic fallacy. E) savant syndrome.

answer

C) reification.

question

Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates A) functional fixedness. B) the framing effect. C) the representative heuristic. D) overconfidence. E) belief perseverance.

answer

D) overconfidence.

question

A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a A) factor analysis. B) normal distribution. C) heritability estimate. D) savant syndrome. E) the g factor.

answer

B) normal distribution.

question

The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of A) emotional intelligence. B) heritability. C) mental age. D) savant syndrome. E) divergent thinking.

answer

A) emotional intelligence.

question

A condition involving mental retardation caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup is known as A) the Flynn effect. B) functional fixedness. C) Down syndrome. D) savant syndrome. E) Autism.

answer

C) Down syndrome.

question

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of A) 75. B) 85. C) 115. D) 125. E) 133.

answer

A) 75.

question

THC, the active ingredient in _, is classified as a _. A) marijuana; hallucinogen B) marijuana; stimulant C) cocaine; stimulant D) cocaine; hallucinogen E) heroin; depressant

answer

A) marijuana; hallucinogen

question

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called A) night terrors. B) neuroadaptations. C) dissociations. D) hallucinations. E) stressors.

answer

D) hallucinations.

question

When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be A) reliable. B) standardized. C) valid. D) normally distributed. E) internally consistent.

answer

B) standardized.

question

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a(n) A) essay contest. B) chess tournament. C) speed-racing tournament. D) spelling bee. E) speech-giving contest.

answer

B) chess tournament.

question

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as A) the circadian rhythm. B) age regression. C) dissociation. D) dualism. E) hypnagogic state.

answer

D) dualism.

question

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the A) possibility of predicting people's academic success from intelligence test scores. B) need to standardize intelligence test. C) extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity. D) definition of mental age. E) importance of validity on psychometric test.

answer

C) extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.

question

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of A) the g factor. B) savant syndrome. C) spatial abilities. D) Down syndrome. E) emotional intelligence.

answer

C) spatial abilities.

question

Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of A) standardization. B) savant syndrome. C) emotional intelligence. D) stereotype threat. E) the Flynn effect.

answer

D) stereotype threat.

question

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug? A) LSD B) cocaine C) heroin D) caffeine E) nicotine

answer

A) LSD

question

Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mental retarded child. It is most likely that their child A) is a female rather than a male. B) is unusually creative. C) was born with an extra chromosome. D) will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life. E) is a direct result of ill-advised parents practices.

answer

D) will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life.

question

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support A) Spearman's belief in a Is intelligence one general ability or several specific abilities?or g, factor. B) Thurstone's notion of social intelligence. C) Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences. D) Stern's original IQ formula. E) Binet's intelligence quotient formula.

answer

C) Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences.

question

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce A) aphasia. B) epileptic seizures. C) depression. D) neural plasticity. E) reward deficiency syndrome.

answer

B) epileptic seizures.

question

The intelligence test scores of adopted children are least likely to be positively correlated with the scores of their adoptive siblings during A) middle childhood. B) early adolescence. C) middle adolescence. D) early adulthood. E) retirement age.

answer

D) early adulthood.

question

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called A) alpha waves. B) circadian rhythms. C) sleep spindles. D) delta waves. E) amplitude waves.

answer

C) sleep spindles.

question

The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the A) limbic system. B) sensory cortex. C) reticular formation. D) association areas. E) sympathetic nervous system.

answer

D) association areas.

question

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that "it's always best to stick with your first answer." Anika's decision best illustrates the use of A) insight. B) an algorithm. C) trail and error. D) a heuristic. E) a prototype.

answer

D) a heuristic.

question

English-speaking children learn to put the object of a sentence last, whereas Japanese-speaking children put the object before the verb. Chomsky suggests that this illustrates a difference in the two languages' A) process stimulation B) language acquisition device. C) universal grammar. D) surface structure. E) deep structure.

answer

D) surface structure.

question

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates A) perceptual adaptation. B) change blindness. C) relative clarity. D) the phi phenomenon. E) the cocktail party effect.

answer

E) the cocktail party effect.

question

After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira's experience best illustrates A) the belief perseverance phenomenon. B) the availability heuristic. C) insight. D) a mental set. E) the framing effect.

answer

C) insight.

question

Sperman's g factor refers to A) the internal consistency of an intelligence test. B) the genetic contribution to intelligence. C) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks. D) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise retarded person. E) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

answer

C) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

question

Many people perceive carjacking as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seatbelts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of A) belief perseverance. B) the representativeness heuristic. C) confirmation bias. D) the availability heuristic. E) functional fixedness.

answer

D) the availability heuristic.

question

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people A) usually refused to engage in antisocial behavior. B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals. C) were easily influenced to act against their own will. D) experienced much more anxiety than unhypnotized individuals. E) often immediately awakened from the hypnotic state.

answer

B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.

question

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on a intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is A) 4. B) 4.5. C) 5. D) 80. E) 125.

answer

A) 4.

question

As he attempted to spell the word "receive," Tim reminded himself "i before e except after c." Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of A) trial and error. B) insight. C) an algorithm. D) a heuristic. E) prototypes.

answer

D) a heuristic.

question

Comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of A) heritability. B) the g factor. C) the Flynn effect. D) emotional intelligence. E) intrinsic motivation.

answer

C) the Flynn effect.

question

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the _ of a test. A) validity B) reliability C) standardization D) normal distribution E) factor analysis

answer

B) reliability

question

The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as you own mother is A) Wernicke's area. B) the limbic system. C) the angular gyrus. D) Broca's area. E) an association area.

answer

E) an association area.

question

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's A) head size. B) reasoning skills. C) muscular power. D) neural processing speed. E) creative abilities.

answer

B) reasoning skills.

question

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n) A) fMRI. B) hemispherectomy. C) ACh agonist. D) brain lesion. E) MRI.

answer

A) fMRI.

question

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize A) Terman's concept of innate intelligence. B) Spearman's concept of general intelligence. C) Binet's concept of mental age. D) Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences. E) Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.

answer

D) Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.

question

The high positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide for the _ of these test scores. A) reliability. B) heritability. C) content validity. D) predictive validity. E) normal distribution.

answer

A) reliability.

question

Andre first became suspicious of his roommate's honesty while trying to account for his own missing wallet. Although Andre later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, his newly formed doubt about his roommate's honesty remained strong as ever. Andre's irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates A) confirmation bias. B) the representativeness heuristic. C) functional fixedness. D) the belief perseverance phenomenon. E) the framing effect.

answer

D) the belief perseverance phenomenon.

question

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to A) derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age. B) evaluate how accurately test items predict a criterion behavior. C) extract test norms form a standardization sample. D) identify clusters of closely related test items. E) provide a quantitative estimate of heritability.

answer

D) identify clusters of closely related test items.

question

Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of _ students. A) pre-school B) elementary school C) high school D) college E) graduate school

answer

B) elementary school

question

Which of the following best accounts for people's greater fear of commercial air flights than of driving an automobile? A) perceived control B) functional fixedness C) the framing effect D) category hierarchies E) representativeness heuristic

answer

A) perceived control

question

If both depressed an nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test A) has not been standardized. B) is not valid. C) is not reliable. D) has not been factor-analyzed. E) does not produce scores that form a normal distribution.

answer

B) is not valid.

question

About _ percent of WIS scores fall between 85 and 115. A) 0 B) 30 C) 50 D) 68 E) 100

answer

C) 50

question

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) _ test. A) reliability B) interest C) achievement D) aptitude E) intelligence

answer

D) aptitude

question

A test has a high degree of validity if it A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict. B) yield consistent results every time it is used. C) produces a normal distribution of scores. D) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test. E) assesses aptitude and achievement accurately

answer

A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict.

question

The components of creativity include A) impulsivity and empathy. B) expertise and venturesome personality. C) competitiveness and dogmatism. D) imagination and extrinsic motivation. E) competitiveness and empathy.

answer

B) expertise and venturesome personality.

question

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called A) achievement test. B) interest inventories. C) factor analytic measures. D) standardized assessments. E) aptitude tests.

answer

E) aptitude tests.

question

Reuptake refers to the A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. B) release of hormones into the bloodstream. C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane. D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. E) the ending of the refractory period.

answer

D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.

question

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) _ test. A) aptitude B) achievement C) standardized D) general intelligence E) diagnostic

answer

B) achievement

question

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction? A) physical dependence B) hallucinations C) narcolepsy D) alpha waves E) REM rebound

answer

A) physical dependence

question

In one experiment, college students were either aware or unaware that experts would evaluate their creativity in constructing paper collages. This experiment most directly illustrated that creativity is facilitated by A) intrinsic motivation. B) emotional intelligence. C) the Flynn effect. D) convergent thinking. E) imaginative thinking skills

answer

A) intrinsic motivation.

question

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates A) neural plasticity. B) factor analysis. C) predictive validity. D) divergent thinking. E) framing skills.

answer

D) divergent thinking.

question

After Terry lost a finger in a industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input form that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from adjacent fingers. This best illustrates A) phrenology. B) aphasia. C) hemispherectomy. D) plasticity. E) tomography.

answer

D) plasticity.

question

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binett and Simon to assess A) academic aptitude. B) divergent thinking. C) emotional intelligence. D) savant syndrome. E) heritability.

answer

A) academic aptitude.

question

Lewis Terman's widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test was A) WISC. B) WAIS. C) Stanford-Binet. D) Scholastic Assessment Test. E) American College Testing Exam.

answer

C) Stanford-Binet.

question

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities? A) Thurstone B) Spearman C) Gardner D) Sternberg E) Skinner

answer

B) Spearman

question

An axon is A) a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system. B) a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons. C) an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites. D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body. E) a junction between a sending and receiving neuron.

answer

D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.

question

Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of A) confirmation bias. B) the framing effect. C) the representativeness heuristic. D) the belief perseverance phenomenon. E) the availability heuristic.

answer

C) the representativeness heuristic.

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Important People Intelligence Psychology Psychometrics

AP Psych Unit 8 Test Review – Flashcards 40 terms

Oscar Hall

40 terms

Preview

AP Psych Unit 8 Test Review – Flashcards

question

Joni claims that she is intellectually gifted because she "posses" an IQ of 145. She is most clearly committing the error known as

answer

Reification

question

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

answer

identify clusters of closely related test items

question

Spearman's g factor refers to

answer

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks

question

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of test items that seem to tap a common ability is called

answer

factor analysis

question

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptittude. According to spearman, this best illustrates the importance of

answer

the g factor

question

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practica, and _____ intelligence.

answer

creative

question

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectivley controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates

answer

Emotional Intelligence

question

The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasueres in pursuit of long-term goals is most claerly a characteristic of

answer

Emotional Intelligence

question

In very stressful or embarrassing situations, Sanura is able to maintain her poise and help others to ell comfortable. Sanura's ability best illustrates the value of

answer

Emotional Intelligence

question

The components of creativity include

answer

Expertise and a venturesome personality

question

In one experiment, college students were either aware of unaware that experts would evaluate their creativity in constructing paper collages. This experiment most directly illustrated that creativity is facilitated by

answer

Intrinsic motivation

question

Managers who want to foster innovation in the workplace should try to increase the _____ of their employees

answer

Intrinsic motivation

question

People who score higher on intelligence tests exhibit

answer

more neural plasticity and faster brain-wave responses to simple stimuli than do those with lower scores

question

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's

answer

reasoning skills

question

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

answer

academic aptitude

question

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the

answer

extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity

question

12 year old Benjy has an IQ of 75 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is

answer

question

Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford Binet. Sorina's chronological age is

answer

question

A test of your capacity to learn to be be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ____ test

answer

aptitude

question

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ____ tests

answer

achievement

question

A test designed to assess whether newly graduated medical students should be granted the legal right to practice medicine would most likely be considered a(n) ____ test.

answer

achievement

question

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test:

answer

Standarization

question

Unlike today's most widely used intelligence tests, the original Stanford-Binet would be most clearly criticized with respect to its:

answer

Standardization sample

question

A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of a:

answer

normal distribution

question

The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped patter. This pattern is called a:

answer

normal curve

question

Cp,[aring the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of

answer

the Flynn effect

question

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test inorder to measure the ___ of a test.

answer

reliability

question

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ___ of the test.

answer

reliability

question

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understandinf of sensation and perception. When you recieve the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be concerned about the ___ of the test.

answer

validity

question

Psychologists measure the correlation between aptitude test scores and school grades in order to assess the ____ of the sptitude test.

answer

Validity

question

Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of _____ students.

answer

elementary school

question

The high posititve correlations between scores recieved on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ____ of these test scores

answer

reliability

question

Mark suffers severe mental retardation. ALthough he speaks very little, he has been trained to put on his own clothes and perform simple tasks under close supervision. Mark's intelligence score is most likely between

answer

20 and 34

question

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environment?

answer

Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings

question

Children's intelligence test scores tend to

answer

rise during the school year ans rise during the summer months

question

Increasing years of school over the last half century have most likely contributes to

answer

the Flynn effect

question

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that:

answer

the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably high than those of North american children

question

The average difference in intellecutal aptitude scores of white and black college graduates has been observed to be greates when these individuals were

answer

high school juniors

question

Exposure to high levels of high male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of

answer

Spatial abilities

question

Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of:

answer

Stereotype Threat

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Introductory Psychology Psychology Psychometrics

AP Psychology Chapter 10 – Intelligence – Flashcards 70 terms

Gabriela Compton

70 terms

Preview

AP Psychology Chapter 10 – Intelligence – Flashcards

question

Joni claims that she is intellectually gifted because she "possesses" an IQ of 145. She is most clearly committing an error known as

answer

Reifiction

question

To regard an abstract concept as if it were a real, concrete thing is called

answer

Reification

question

When we refer to someone's intelligence quotient as if it were a fixed and objectively real trait such as height, we commit a reasoning error called

answer

Reification

question

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

answer

Identify clusters of closely related test items

question

In order to asses whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

answer

Factor Analysis

question

Spearman's G factor refers to...?

answer

A general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks

question

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individuals mental capacities?

answer

Spearman

question

A statistical procedure that identifies cluster of test items that seem to tap a common ability is called

answer

Factor Analysis

question

Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person's specific mental abilities as

answer

The G Factor

question

Those who score above average on tests of math aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude, according to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of

answer

The G Factor

question

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

answer

Gardner's Concept of Multiple Intelligences

question

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support

answer

Gardners Argument For Multiple Intelligences

question

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ______ intelligence

answer

Creative

question

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?

answer

Selma, a 5th grader who solves difficult math problems in record times

question

Who is most likely to be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of talents?

answer

Howard Gardner

question

Intrinsic motivation is though to be an important component of

answer

Creativity

question

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

answer

Divergent Thinking

question

The components of creativity include

answer

Expertise and a venturesome personality

question

In one experiment, college students were either aware or unaware that experts would elevate their creativity in constructing paper collages. This experiment most directly illustrated that creativity is facilitated by

answer

Intrinsic Motivation

question

Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him, fame, and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This best illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by

answer

Extrinsic Motivation

question

The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long term goals is most clearly a characteristic of

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Although Nicole scored well above the average on the SAT, she commonly loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her beset friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of

answer

Emotional Intelligence

question

One component of emotional intelligence involves

answer

Predicting accurately when feelings are about to change

question

In very stressful or embarrassing situations, Sanura is able to maintain her poise and help others to feel comfortable, sandura's ability best illustrates the value of

answer

Emotional Intelligence

question

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured childrens

answer

Reasoning Skills

question

5 year old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4 year old. What is Wilbur's mental age?

answer

question

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

answer

Academic Aptitude

question

Lewis Terman's widely used american revision of Binet's original intelligence test was the

answer

Stanford-Binet

question

In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian school children, Binet and Simon assumed that

answer

A bright child would perform like a normal child of older age

question

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the

answer

Extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity

question

A 12 year old girl who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9 year old was said to have an IQ of

answer

question

12 year old Benjy has an IQ of 75 on the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 8 year old who said

answer

question

A 6 year old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 8 year old was said to have an IQ of

answer

133

question

Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by Stanford-Binet. Sonia's chronological age is

answer

question

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called

answer

Aptitude Tests

question

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered an ______ test

answer

Aptitude

question

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered an ______ test

answer

Achievement

question

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ______ tests

answer

Achievement

question

Aptitude tests are specifically designed to

answer

Predict ability to learn a new skill

question

The final exam in a calculus course is an example of

answer

Achievement

question

The WAIS consists of separate ______ subtests

answer

Verbal and Performance

question

When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested sample of people, the test is said to be

answer

Standardized

question

A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of

answer

Normal Distribution

question

Unlike today's most widely used intelligence tests, the original Stanford-Binet would be most clearly criticized with respect to its

answer

Standardization Sample

question

The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called

answer

The Flynn Effect

question

The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped curve pattern. This pattern is called a

answer

Normal Curve

question

About ______ percent of WIS scores fall between 85 and 115

answer

question

Comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardized sample provides convincing evidence of

answer

The Flynn Effect

question

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

answer

Reliability

question

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ______ of a test

answer

Reliability

question

A test is reliable if it

answer

Yields dependently consistent scores

question

Researchers assess the scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ______ of the test

answer

Reliability

question

Dr. Bronfman had administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students. She is presently comparing their scores on the odd numbered questions with those on the even numbered questions in an effort to

answer

Determine the test's reliability

question

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to do is said to have a high degree of

answer

Validity

question

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ______ of the test

answer

Validity

question

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test

answer

Is not valid

question

Psychologists measure the correlation between aptitude test scores and school grades in order to assess the ______ of the aptitude test

answer

Validity

question

A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at this school. This administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is

answer

Valid

question

Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of

answer

Elementary School

question

A test has a high degree of validity if it

answer

Measures and predicts what it is supposed to measure and predict

question

The best predictor that infants will develop high levels of intellectual aptitude is their

answer

Tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to a novel picture

question

The high positive correlation between scores received in comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ______ of these test scores

answer

Reliability

question

Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mentally retarded child. It is most likely that their child

answer

Will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life

question

A condition involving mental retardation caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup is known as

answer

Down Syndrome

question

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environment?

answer

Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than ordinary siblings

question

The intelligence test scores of adopted children are LEAST likely to be positively correlated with the scores of their adoptive siblings during

answer

Early Adulthood

question

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

answer

Chess Tournament

question

Exposure to high levels of sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of

answer

Spatial Abilities

question

The distribution of intelligence test scores among ______ Americans is represented by the normal curve

answer

Members of any of the above groups

question

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

answer

The average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American Children

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Identical Twins Raised Apart Profit Sharing Plan Psychology

Prologue & Chap 1 Quiz1 – Flashcards 14 terms

Jacob Patel

14 terms

Preview

Prologue & Chap 1 Quiz1 – Flashcards

question

In its early years,psychology focused on the study of _______, but from the 1920's into the 1960's ,American psychologists emphasized the study of ________

answer

mental processes ; observable behavior

question

Edward Titchener is to_______as William James is to_______

answer

structuralism ; fuctionalism

question

Functionalism was the school of psychology that focused attention on the :

answer

adaptive value of conscious thoughts that influence behavior

question

Empiricism

answer

The view that knowledge comes from experiences & interactions with others, and that science should rely on observation

question

Plato's presumption of inborn knowledge most clearly contrasts with a view known as:

answer

Empiricism

question

An important difference between humanistic & psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of

answer

Free will

question

Cognitive theorist emphasize the

answer

formation & modification of schemas ( concepts)

question

Formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

answer

the hindsight bias

question

The scientific attitude requires an open-minded humility because it involves a willingness to:

answer

recognize errors in one's own thinking

question

The case study is a research method in which:

answer

a single individual is studied in great depth

question

The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by

answer

operational definition

question

Which of the following scientific procedures is most useful for helping researchers avoid false generalizations? A. the case study B. naturalistic observation C. Random sampling D. Operational definitions E. ex-post facto studies

answer

Random sampling

question

Professor Ober carefully monitors & records that behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Profesor Ober is most clearly engaged in: A. Survey research B. Naturalistic Observation C. Experimentation D. replication E. cross-sectional studies

answer

naturalistic observation

question

The sight of large, enthusiastic crowds at all of his political rallies led Governor Dovanan to become overconfident about his chances of winning the upcoming election. In this instance, the governor needs to be alerted to the value of A. Replication B. Random Sampling C. Naturalistic observation E. Assignment control

answer

random sampling

STUDY

Binet And Simon Intelligence Psychology The Environment

Psychology : Lesson 1 Unit 1 : Intelligence – Flashcards 7 terms

Chloe Barnes

7 terms

Preview

Psychology : Lesson 1 Unit 1 : Intelligence – Flashcards

question

The study and measurement of intelligence has been an important research topic for nearly ___ years

answer

100

question

The two major theories on intelligence you read about in this lesson came from Howard Gardner and ___

answer

Robert Sternberg

question

Howard Gardner proposed a theory of ___

answer

multiple intelligence

question

According to Gardner, an English professor probably possess both inner-personal and ____ intelligence or ability

answer

linguistic

question

Intelligence is a combination of the ability to learn, _____, and adapt to the environment.

answer

reason abstractly

question

____ believe that intelligence is largely determined by genetics.

answer

Hereditariness

question

___ influences can be separated into shared and non-shared

answer

Environmental

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Psychometrics

Psych Test 4 Test Questions – Flashcards 87 terms

John Smith

87 terms

Preview

Psych Test 4 Test Questions – Flashcards

question

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence

answer

creative

question

Spearman's g factor refers to:

answer

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

question

The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of:

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of:

answer

emotional intelligence

question

In order to determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's:

answer

mental age

question

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as:

answer

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

question

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is:

answer

question

Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the:

answer

WAIS

question

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a mathematical achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of:

answer

Standardization

question

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of:

answer

reliability

question

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:

answer

Validity

question

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity.

answer

high;low

question

Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students.

answer

high school

question

Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mentally retarded child. It is most likely that their child:

answer

was born with an extra chromosome

question

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?

answer

Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together

question

Motivation is defined by psychologists as

answer

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal

question

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

answer

A drive

question

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called:

answer

incentives

question

On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of:

answer

incentives

question

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks?

answer

Arousal theory

question

According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________.

answer

adequate clothing; self-esteem

question

In a series of studies, research participants were informed that personality test results indicated they were the type likely to end up alone later in life. As a result, they became ________ likely to underperform on aptitude tests and ________ likely to become aggressive toward someone who had insulted them.

answer

less;more

question

Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:

answer

achievement motivation.

question

People who are high in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks; people who are low in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks.

answer

moderately difficult; very easy or very difficult

question

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that:

answer

to experience emotion is to be aware of one's physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.

question

The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the:

answer

Cannon-Bard theory.

question

According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused.

answer

after; at the same time as

question

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory

answer

cognitive activity

question

A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the:

answer

two-factor theory.

question

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system:

answer

increases respiration and decreases salivation.

question

People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of:

answer

anger

question

Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their:

answer

facial expressions of emotion.

question

The fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of:

answer

human genetic similarities.

question

People experience a mood shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their sides. This best illustrates:

answer

the behavior feedback phenomenon

question

The term catharsis refers to emotional:

answer

release

question

Subjective well-being among university and college students is ________ with the extent to which love is valued and ________ with the extent to which money is valued

answer

positively correlated; negatively correlated

question

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a _______ level of validity.

answer

high;low

question

Achievement tests are designed to

answer

assess learned knowledge or skills

question

Spearman's g factor refers to

answer

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

question

Tests of ________ measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of ________ predict what an individual will be able to do later.

answer

achievement; aptitude

question

Current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as

answer

the amount by which the test-taker's performance deviates from the average performance of others the same age.

question

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of

answer

reliability

question

Studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence

answer

become more apparent

question

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to

answer

a deprived environment

question

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test.

answer

aptitude

question

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

answer

cognition

question

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

answer

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

question

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

answer

mental ability to learn from experience

question

Most experts view intelligence as a person's

answer

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

question

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

answer

reliability

question

Reported racial gaps in average intelligence scores are most likely attributable to

answer

environmental factors

question

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ relatively independent intelligences.

answer

eight

question

Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is

answer

question

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of

answer

validity

question

Standardization refers to the process of

answer

defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group

question

A 6-year-old child has a mental age of 9. The child's IQ is

answer

150

question

Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

answer

identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.

question

If a test is standardized, this means that

answer

a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group

question

The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic associated with

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Broad definition of Intelligence:

answer

The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills

question

Charles Spearmans s factors are what

answer

Specific factors: verbal, mathematical or spatial skills

question

g factor:

answer

general intelligence, underlying skills and abilities needed to perform well on all tests

question

Howard gardeners theory of intelligence is called what?

answer

Multiple intelligences

question

What is linguistic intelligence

answer

a strong capacity for using language

question

what is logical/mathematical intelligence

answer

strong capacity for using numbers, logic, reasoning

question

Musical intelligence

answer

ability to play or compose music and to recognize patterns and understand the structures of songs

question

Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence

answer

the capacity to use and control ones bodily movements

question

spatial intelligence

answer

ability to understand and visualize spatial relationships

question

naturalist intelligence

answer

sensitivity to and recognition of patterns found in the natural world

question

interpersonal intelligence

answer

awareness of the moods and motivations of others

question

existential intelligence

answer

tendency to ponder questions about life, death and reality

question

What is the triarchic theory of intelligence

answer

Analytic, creative, practical

question

fluid intelligence

answer

the ability to solve problems and think abstractly, independently of past learning, education, or cultural experience

question

crystallized intelligence

answer

the knowledge you've accumulated over the years from prior learning and past experiences

question

What's a criticism about the standard IQ tests?

answer

they measure educational experiences, have exposure to language and reflect cultural learning more than they measure an innate ability for abstract thinking and problem solving

question

What does the SPM do?

answer

The Ravens standard progressive matrices is a nonverbal assessment tool designed to measure one's capacity to observe, solve problems and learn

question

Fluid intelligence

answer

the ability to solve problems and think abstractly, independent of past learning,education or cultural experience (peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood)

question

crystallized intelligence

answer

the knowledge you've accumulated over the years from prior learning and past experiences (continues to improve across the life span and influenced more by environmental variables)

question

Instincts provide what:

answer

a description of behavior yet they don't do a good job at explaining behavior

question

Evolutionary psychology:

answer

based on the principle that behavior is guided by genetic urges and impulses related to survival

question

Drive reduction theory:

answer

when you have a biological need that is not being met, an internal tension occurs

question

A state of tension is called what?

answer

A drive

question

Behaviors are motivated by what

answer

The need to reduce the tension (drive)

question

The tension is reduced when:

answer

You've satisfied your need (ex. food or water)

question

Drive reduction theory centers around the concept of:

answer

homeostasis

question

Homeostasis

answer

Your body is constantly trying to maintain an internal state of balance

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Identical Twins Raised Apart Physical And Psychological Psychometrics

chap 11 intelligence – Flashcards 95 terms

Candace Young

95 terms

Preview

chap 11 intelligence – Flashcards

question

Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to: c. identify children likely to have difficulty learning in school.

answer

question

Binet and Simon assumed that intellectually bright children: d. are as intellectually developed as average children who are older than they.

answer

question

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's: b. reasoning skills.

answer

question

Five year old Jaime performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4 year old. Jaime's mental age is: a. 4.

answer

question

Who would have been the least enthusiastic about a reliance on eugenics for the improvement of human intellectual functioning? b. Binet

answer

question

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the: a. extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.

answer

question

For the original version of the Stanford Binet, IQ was defined as: d. mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

answer

question

A 12 year old who responded to the original Stanford Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9 year old was said to have an IQ of: a. 75. b. 85. c. 115. d. 125. e. 133.

answer

question

Twelve year old Jerry has an IQ of 75 on the original version of the Stanford Binet. His mental age is: a. 8. b. 9. c. 10. d. 12. e. 16.

answer

question

The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage: a. selective breeding of highly intelligent people.

answer

question

During the World War I era, the U.S. government developed intelligence tests to evaluate newly arriving immigrants. For most proponents of the eugenics movement, inferior test scores were viewed as reflecting the immigrants': c. innate mental abilities.

answer

question

Joni claims that she is intellectually gifted because she "possesses" an IQ of 145. She is most clearly committing the error known as: c. reification.

answer

question

In considering the nature of intelligence, experts would be most likely to agree that intelligence is a(n): b. ability to learn from experience.

answer

question

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to: d. identify clusters of closely related test items.

answer

question

In order to assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of: e. factor analysis.

answer

question

Spearman's g factor refers to: c. a general intelligence that underlies success on a wide variety of tasks.

answer

question

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities? b. Spearman

answer

question

Twenty five year old Carmella is mentally handicapped and can neither read nor write. However, after hearing lengthy, unfamiliar, and complex musical selections just once, she can reproduce them precisely on the piano. It is likely that Carmella is: d. someone with savant syndrome.

answer

question

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is: a. a diverse set of distinct abilities.

answer

question

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize: d. Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.

answer

question

Which of the following persons best illustrates Sternberg and Wagner's concept of practical intelligence? c. Shelley, a newspaper reporter who has a knack for making connections with very important people

answer

question

The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of: a. emotional intelligence.

answer

question

Although Sheron scored well above average on the SAT, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates an inadequate level of: e. emotional intelligence.

answer

question

Howard Gardner is most likely to agree that the concept of intelligence includes: b. spatially analyzing visual input.

answer

question

There is a ________ correlation between head size and intelligence and a ________ correlation between brain size and intelligence. d. slightly positive; moderately positive

answer

question

Brain size (adjusted for body size) is ________ correlated with intelligence, and the brain's rate of glucose consumption while performing cognitive tasks is ________ correlated with intelligence. a. positively; negatively

answer

question

Precocious college students with unusually high levels of verbal intelligence are most likely to: a. retrieve information from memory at an unusually rapid speed.

answer

question

Studies suggest that there is a positive correlation between intelligence and the brain's: c. neural processing speed.

answer

question

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called ________ tests. e. aptitude

answer

question

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test. d. aptitude

answer

question

Achievement tests are designed to: d. assess learned knowledge or skills.

answer

question

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test. a. achievement

answer

question

Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________. d. future performance; current competence

answer

question

The WAIS consists of separate ________ subtests. d. verbal and performance

answer

question

Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three subtests of the: a. WAIS.

answer

question

If a test is standardized, this means that: b. a person's test performance can be compared with that of a pretested group.

answer

question

When Samson was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a mathematical achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test taker. Samson's concern was directly related to the issue of: a. standardization.

answer

question

Unlike today's most widely used intelligence tests, the original Stanford-Binet can be most clearly criticized with respect to its: a. standardization sample.

answer

question

The bell shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a: d. normal curve.

answer

question

The normal curve would represent the distribution of: c. American women in terms of their physical heights.

answer

question

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 85 and 115. c. 68

answer

question

answer

question

During the 1960s and 1970s, performance on the WAIS ________ and performance on college entrance aptitude tests ________. b. improved; declined

answer

question

The decline in college aptitude test scores during the 1960s and 1970s was due in part to: a. the increasing academic diversity of students taking these tests.

answer

question

It would be most reasonable to suggest that the Flynn effect is due in part to: b. increasingly improved childhood health and nutrition.

answer

question

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of: c. reliability.

answer

question

Sandra completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of: b. reliability.

answer

question

Psychologists assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ________ of a test. b. reliability

answer

question

Validity is to reliability as ________ is to ________. b. accuracy; consistency

answer

question

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity. c. high; low

answer

question

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of: a. validity.

answer

question

answer

question

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it is said that the test: b. is not valid.

answer

question

Psychologists measure the correlation between aptitude test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the aptitude test. e. validity

answer

question

Intelligence test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students. a. elementary school

answer

question

Why does the predictive validity of general aptitude tests decrease as the educational level of the students who take them increases? c. There is a relatively restricted range of aptitude test scores among students at higher educational levels.

answer

question

The correlation between academic success and intelligence test scores will be highest if computed for a group of individuals whose scores range between: d. 70 and 130.

answer

question

The best indicator of infants' intellectual aptitude is their: c. tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to a novel picture.

answer

question

In order for Mr. and Mrs. Goldberg to best predict their newborn daughter's future intellectual aptitude they should: c. obtain information about their own levels of intelligence.

answer

question

Intelligence scores are most likely to be stable over a 1 year period for a ________ student whose intelligence test score is ________. d. tenth-grade; 95

answer

question

The highly positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ________ of these test scores. a. reliability

answer

question

Mr. and Mrs. Lembo are parents of a mentally retarded child. It is most likely that their child: d. will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life.

answer

question

Margaret is mildly mentally retarded. She has achieved the equivalent of a fifth grade education and will soon begin vocational training so that she can earn a living. Margaret's intelligence score is most likely between: d. 50 and 70.

answer

question

Individuals with Down syndrome are: d. born with an extra chromosome.

answer

question

Grouping children in separate educational classes according to their level of intellectual aptitude tends to ________ their self-esteem and ________ their academic achievement. d. decrease; have little effect on

answer

question

Gifted child education programs are most likely to be criticized for: b. limiting the concept of giftedness to superior academic aptitude.

answer

question

The correlation between intelligence test scores and creativity test scores is ________ among those whose intelligence score is ________ than 120. b. positive; less than

answer

question

Intrinsic motivation is an important component of: b. creativity.

answer

question

Scientists are most likely to be creative if they: b. approach problems they find intrinsically interesting and satisfying to study.

answer

question

Which of the following suggestions would be least helpful to a young performing artist who wants to become a highly creative ballet dancer? c. "Win competitive performances that will lead to performance arts scholarship offers."

answer

question

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is: d. greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.

answer

question

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity? d. Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.

answer

question

Which pair of individuals is most likely to receive similar intelligence test scores? a. opposite sex fraternal twins

answer

question

The intelligence test scores of adopted children are least likely to be positively correlated with the scores of their adoptive siblings during: d. early adulthood.

answer

question

With increasing age, adopted children's intelligence test scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parent's scores. d. less; more

answer

question

The heritability of intelligence refers to: b. the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors.

answer

question

If ten genetically identical individuals were all raised in different homes, the heritability of intelligence for this group would be ________ percent. a. 0

answer

question

The heritability of intelligence is lowest among genetically ________ individuals who have been raised in ________ environments. c. similar; dissimilar

answer

question

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that: a. fraternal twins have more similar intelligence test scores than ordinary siblings. b. intellectual development of neglected children in impoverished environments is often retarded. c. Head Start programs for disadvantaged children lead to short term improvements in intelligence test scores. d. all the above are true.

answer

question

Research indicates that Head Start programs: c. reduce the likelihood that participants will repeat grades or require special education classes.

answer

question

Increasing years of schooling over the last half century have most likely contributed to: b. the Flynn effect.

answer

question

Disproportionately more Whites than Blacks would be admitted into American colleges if performance scores on ________ were the only criterion for college admissions. b. the WAIS

answer

question

On average, the intelligence test scores of the Wallonians are much higher than those of the Danasians. The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of: a. genetic differences between two groups with similar environments. b. environmental differences between two groups with similar genetics. c. both genetic and environmental differences between the two groups. d. any of the above.

answer

question

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that: b. the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American children.

answer

question

The average difference in intellectual aptitude scores of white and black college graduates has been observed to be greatest when these individuals were: b. high school juniors.

answer

question

Girls are most likely to outperform boys in a(n): a. spelling bee.

answer

question

Boys outnumber girls at the ________ levels of reading ability and at the ________ levels of mathematical problem-solving ability. d. low; high

answer

question

Boys are most likely to outnumber girls in a class designed for students gifted in: c. mathematics.

answer

question

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a(n): b. chess tournament.

answer

question

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of: c. spatial abilities.

answer

question

Research on gender and emotional intelligence suggests that women are more skilled than men at: c. interpreting others' facial expressions of emotion.

answer

question

Most experts would agree that intelligence tests are "biased" in the sense that: a. test performance is influenced by cultural experiences.

answer

question

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests. c. predictive validity

answer

question

When completing a verbal aptitude test, members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test: c. is biased against members of their own ethnic group.

answer

question

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have: b. helped limit reliance on educators' subjectively biased judgments of students' academic potential.

answer

STUDY

Binet And Simon Concrete Operational Thinking Cross Cultural Human Development Long Term Memory Men And Women Real Life Examples

LG&D-CH 6 – Flashcards 45 terms

Marguerite Castillo

45 terms

Preview

LG&D-CH 6 – Flashcards

question

By traditional definition, how many of the following eight-year-old children would be considered "gifted": Darcy, IQ = 100; Peggy, IQ = 120; Kelly, IQ = 140; Al, IQ = 160?

answer

two

question

The main limitation of concrete operational thinking is that such thought is limited to

answer

tangible, real-life examples.

question

On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined

answer

by comparing a child's score with the average score of other children of the same age.

question

Intelligence is to creativity as

answer

correct thinking is to divergent thinking.

question

The drug Ritalin that is often prescribed for children with ADHD is a type of

answer

stimulant.

question

_____ is defined as the ability to hear the distinctive sounds of letters.

answer

Phonological awareness

question

Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills.

answer

metacognitive knowledge

question

Dee used to think that everyone else liked the same people she did and hated the same people she did. She now realizes that different people have different opinions toward others. Piaget would suggest that Dee has recently become a ____ thinker.

answer

concrete operational

question

Metamemory is defined as an individual's

answer

intuitive understanding of memory.

question

The issue of novelty of thinking is best associated with ____ ability.

answer

creative

question

Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test in order to

answer

identify children who would need special help in school.

question

Which activity best exemplifies a test of divergent thinking?

answer

Listing the possible uses of a marshmallow

question

When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." Given this description, Oscar is most likely a

answer

psychometrician.

question

By definition, intellectual disability involves both a below-average intelligence and

answer

poor adaptive behaviors.

question

Which characteristic is not typical of a school that produces high-achieving students?

answer

A heavy emphasis on nonacademic activities

question

Data from Project Head Start

answer

supported the belief that environmental factors can impact an individual's IQ

question

Researchers identified several factors that contribute to improved reading comprehension in children. Which factor was not on their list?

answer

Increased levels of divergent thinking

question

Beginning readers tend to

answer

use the "sound it out" strategy first and the "retrieve word from memory" method second.

question

Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective

answer

cognitive self-regulation

question

Which statement concerning sex differences in height at age 11 is most accurate?

answer

At age 11, females tend to be slightly taller than males

question

Which statement concerning math and culture is true?

answer

Japanese and Taiwanese students spend significantly more time in school and have more homework than do children in the United States.

question

If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that

answer

some people are smart, no matter the situation, task, or problem.

question

You are the parent of a normal-size nine-year-old boy. As such, how many calories should you ensure that your child consumes each day so that he maintains a normal rate of development?

answer

2,400 calories

question

If asked to list key symptoms for ADHD, you should avoid saying,

answer

"inarticulation."

question

In which physical activity would the average 11-year-old prepubescent girl have a distinctive advantage over an 11-year-old prepubescent boy?

answer

Jumping a rope

question

Which evidence best demonstrates an environmental impact on intelligence?

answer

The rapid increase in average WISC scores seen during the past 25 years

question

____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge.

answer

Goal selection and strategy monitoring

question

Working memory is best described as being

answer

temporary and limited in capacity.

question

Which describes one of the major criticisms of Piaget's theory concerning formal operational thought?

answer

Adolescents do not appear as cognitively competent as Piaget thought.

question

Which characteristic appears to be the most critical element underlying mathematical learning disabilities?

answer

Difficulty in comparing and understanding quantities

question

Though Mabel is unable to think in abstract terms, she is beginning to understand that because 3 + 5 = 8, 8 - 5 must equal 3. Mabel has begun to exhibit Piaget's ____ stage of thinking.

answer

concrete operational

question

Which most accurately describes long-term memory?

answer

Permanent and unlimited capacity

question

In reading, the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters is called

answer

word recognition.

question

Beginning readers tend to

answer

use the "sound it out" strategy first and the "retrieve word from memory" method second.

question

Which type of intelligence is best associated with Daniel Goleman?

answer

Emotional

question

answer

cognitive self-regulation

question

Who is best associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences?"

answer

Howard Gardner

question

Yaakov has a problem. Though he is of normal intelligence and does well in most classes, he struggles tremendously in math. Yaakov is most likely suffering from

answer

a learning disability.

question

Who would be most likely to emphasize the important role that changes in memory efficiency plays in cognitive development?

answer

Latka, who is an information-processing theorist

question

_____ is defined as the ability to hear the distinctive sounds of letters.

answer

Phonological awareness

question

Knowledge-telling and knowledge-transforming are types of ____ strategies.

answer

writing

question

The term "stereotype threat" is best associated with the concept of

answer

the self-fulfilling prophecy

question

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was

answer

perceptual speed

question

Which statement concerning the diagnosis of ADHD is true?

answer

Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls.

question

Newt has a mental age of 10. That means Newt

answer

passed test problems that an average 10-year-old would pass.

STUDY

Binet And Simon Life Span Development Psychology

Developmental Ch. 9 – Flashcards 126 terms

Daphne Armenta

126 terms

Preview

Developmental Ch. 9 – Flashcards

question

1. According to the psychometric approach to intelligence, intelligence a. aids in adaptation to the environment. b. is made up of traits that vary and can be measured. c. is fixed at conception by genetic factors. d. is organized by stages or levels.

answer

b. is made up of traits that vary and can be measured.

question

2. Who is most likely to say, "The major focus of my discipline is on the creation and understanding of intelligence tests"? a. Sisko, who is a Freudian b. Kirk, who is a Piagetian c. Janeway, who is an information-processing theorist d. Archer, who is a psychometric theorist

answer

d. Archer, who is a psychometric theorist

question

3. When discussing intelligence, David says, "I subscribe to a psychometric approach on that topic." This means that David would most likely a. be against the idea of measuring intelligence. b. believe that he is smarter than most other people. c. describe a person in terms of measurable traits he or she possesses. d. believe that intelligence is inherited.

answer

c. describe a person in terms of measurable traits he or she possesses.

question

4. The twofactor model argues that intelligence is highly influenced by a factor simply designated as "g." What does "g" stand for? a. Global self-worth b. Genetic inheritance c. Goodness-of-fit d. General mental ability

answer

d. General mental ability

question

5. The intelligence concept of "g" was based on the observation that a. IQ scores predict career success. b. skill levels are consistent across tasks. c. children who take math do better at math. d. there are few racial differences in IQ scores.

answer

b. skill levels are consistent across tasks.

question

6. Whose "formula" for intelligence is, "intelligence" = "g" + "s"? a. Raymond Cattell b. Charles Spearman c. J.P. Guilford d. Louis Thurstone

answer

b. Charles Spearman

question

7. Which pair is best associated with concepts of fluid intelligence? a. Cattell and Horn b. Atkinson and Shiffrin c. Fechner and Weber d. Spearman and Thurstone

answer

a. Cattell and Horn

question

8. _____ intelligence is defined as the ability to use your active mind to solve novel problems. a. Fluid b. Crystallized c. Primary d. Tertiary

answer

a. Fluid

question

9. Fluid intelligence is usually a. taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways. b. not taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways. c. taught and emphasizes using the mind to solve familiar tasks. d. not taught and emphasizes using the mind to solve familiar tasks.

answer

b. not taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways.

question

10. Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colors and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The use of this novel task indicates that the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing _____ intelligence. a. fluid b. crystallized c. naturalistic d. linguistic

answer

a. fluid

question

11. Crystallized intelligence is the dimension of intellect that includes all of the following abilities EXCEPT a. word comprehension. b. numerical abilities. c. recognizing relationships between two objects you have never seen before. d. ability to recall general information.

answer

c. recognizing relationships between two objects you have never seen before.

question

12. Kao is involved with a project studying intelligence. During the study, she is first asked to name the state capitals of Wisconsin and Hawaii. Then she is asked to explain the difference between the words "destiny" and "density." Given these tasks, Kao appears to be taking a test of _____ intelligence. a. interpersonal b. crystallized c. spatial d. fluid

answer

b. crystallized

question

13. The basic distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence is that a. fluid intelligence involves using your mind in new ways, and crystallized intelligence involves using what you have already learned. b. fluid intelligence is verbal, and crystallized intelligence is nonverbal. c. fluid intelligence is implicit, and crystallized intelligence is explicit. d. fluid intelligence tests wisdom, and crystallized intelligence tests genius.

answer

a. fluid intelligence involves using your mind in new ways, and crystallized intelligence involves using what you have already learned.

question

14. The modern general consensus concerning intelligence is that a. a general ability influences how well people do on only one or two tasks. b. there are a few broad dimensions of intelligence that can be found in factor analyses. c. specific abilities are not part of intelligence. d. IQ tests do a better job of explaining intelligence than describing intelligence.

answer

b. there are a few broad dimensions of intelligence that can be found in factor analyses.

question

15. The intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (1904) was specifically designed to a. measure the intelligence quotient (IQ) of adults. b. identify gifted children. c. predict which high school students would be successful in college. d. determine which school children were likely to be slow learners.

answer

d. determine which school children were likely to be slow learners.

question

16. The intent of the original Binet and Simon intelligence test was to be able to identify a. effective soldiers. b. women who would make the best teachers. c. geniuses. d. "dull" children in need of special education.

answer

d. "dull" children in need of special education.

question

17. With regard to the Binet and Simon intelligence test, "age graded" refers to a. a test that is scored by same-age peers. b. the age at which an average child of a certain age can successfully complete an item. c. test items that are similar across cultures. d. a child who typically relies on divergent rather than convergent thinking

answer

b. the age at which an average child of a certain age can successfully complete an item.

question

18. The average level of agegraded problems a person can solve is used to determine the person's a. chronological age. b. karyotype. c. mental age. d. genotype.

answer

c. mental age.

question

19. An average 10-year-old would have a. only a chronological age of 10. b. only a mental age of 10. c. both a chronological and mental age of 10. d. neither a chronological nor mental age of 10

answer

c. both a chronological and mental age of 10.

question

20. Who developed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale? a. Lewis Terman b. Alfred Binet c. John Stanford d. Theodore Simon

answer

a. Lewis Terman

question

21. The formula for calculating an intelligence quotient is a. IQ = (CA+MA)/100. b. IQ = (CA+MA)*100. c. IQ = (MA/CA)*100. d. IQ = (MA+CA)/100

answer

c. IQ = (MA/CA)*100.

question

22. Ten-year-old Kookla is found to have a mental age of 12. According to the traditional Stanford-Binet Scale, Kookla has an IQ of a. 80. b. 100. c. 110. d. 120.

answer

d. 120.

question

23. Who would have the highest IQ? a. Tom, who is 10 years old and has a mental age of 15 b. Brady, who is 15 years old and has a mental age of 10 c. Payton, who is 15 years old and has a mental age of 20 d. Manning, who is 20 years old and has a mental age of 15

answer

a. Tom, who is 10 years old and has a mental age of 15

question

24. Test norms are a. a set of procedures for properly administering a test. b. information specifying the number and types of items found on a test. c. a statement indicating the purpose of the test along with information on appropriate and inappropriate use of test results. d. a table of test scores that indicates the average score and how to interpret the range of scores around that average score.

answer

d. a table of test scores that indicates the average score and how to interpret the range of scores around that average score.

question

25. On the fifth edition of the Stanford-Binet test, a. mental age is no longer used to calculate IQ. b. chronological age is no longer used to calculate IQ. c. no IQ score is calculated. d. there is a "culturalbalance" scale that equates children who have been raised in different cultures.

answer

a. mental age is no longer used to calculate IQ.

question

26. Who is best known for developing a set of intelligence tests that can be used on individuals from toddlerhood to old age? a. Alfred Binet b. David Wechsler c. Charles Spearman d. Howard Gardner

answer

b. David Wechsler

question

27. Harold is about to assess the intelligence of his four-year-old son, Kumar. Which test would be most appropriate him to select? a. WPPSI b. WISC-IV c. WAIS-IV d. MMPI

answer

a. WPPSI

question

28. Sixty-five-year-old Kint is going to a psychologist to have his verbal IQ assessed. Which test would a competent psychologist select to accomplish this goal? a. WPPSI b. WISC-IV c. WAIS-IV d. MMPI

answer

c. WAIS-IV

question

29. Jacque is told that he will be taking the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. What type of task should Jacque expect to complete as part of the assessment of his performance IQ? a. Arithmetic reasoning b. A test of general knowledge c. Puzzle assembly d. Vocabulary

answer

c. Puzzle assembly

question

30. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) test differs from the Stanford-Binet test because only the WISC-IV a. is administered in groups rather than individually. b. emphasizes verbal abilities. c. has separate scores for verbal and performance abilities. d. is administered to children

answer

c. has separate scores for verbal and performance abilities.

question

35. An information-processing theorist focusing on intelligence testing would be most likely interested in a. the statistics used to calculate an IQ score. b. how children solve the problems on the test. c. a child's full IQ score. d. why children solve problems on the test.

answer

b. how children solve the problems on the test.

question

36. The STAT test a. is designed for use with hearing impaired populations. b. generates "creativity" IQ score. c. avoids assessing acquired knowledge. d. includes an essay

answer

d. includes an essay

question

37. One of the unique features of Gardner's theory of intelligence is that it a. rejects the notion that a single IQ score can meaningfully assess intelligence. b. promotes the notion of genetic testing as a form of intelligence testing. c. focuses on what someone does not know as opposed to what he or she does know. d. completely ignores the impact of experience on intellectual functioning.

answer

a. rejects the notion that a single IQ score can meaningfully assess intelligence.

question

38. According to Howard Gardner, intelligence consists of at least eight distinct abilities. Which of the following is among Gardner's distinct types of intelligence? a. Musical b. Memory capacity c. Creative d. Interracial

answer

a. Musical

question

39. One of Siggy's most endearing traits is an exceptional sensitivity to other people's motivations and moods. According to Gardner, Siggy would best be classified as having high _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic b. intrapersonal c. linguistic d. interpersonal

answer

d. interpersonal

question

40. Given that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was based on Darwin's extremely insightful observation of animals, it is likely that Gardner would have viewed Darwin as having exceptionally high _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic b. intrapersonal c. spatial d. logical-mathematical

answer

a. naturalistic

question

41. His steady hands make Dr. Greene a top-notch surgeon. Given this information, Dr.Greene would appear to have a high level of _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic b. naturalistic c. linguistic d. interpersonal

answer

a. bodily-kinesthetic

question

42. Cleopatra has an outstanding sense of her own feelings. This ability is best associated with Gardner's _____ type of intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic b. intrapersonal c. linguistic d. interpersonal

answer

b. intrapersonal

question

45. People with savant syndrome illustrate that intelligence a. is a single unified ability. b. has no genetic basis. c. cannot be measured. d. consists of multiple and distinct abilities.

answer

d. consists of multiple and distinct abilities.

question

46. While Dilbert is severely intellectually disabled, he has the ability to tell you the day of the week for any future date (e.g., November 27, 2949 = Tuesday). This description indicates that Dilbert a. has great wisdom. b. possesses superb divergent thinking skills. c. has savant syndrome. d. is about to experience a terminal drop.

answer

c. has savant syndrome.

question

47. Gardner's theory of intelligence a. links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain. b. suggests that all types of intelligence have the same developmental course. c. argues that the concept of "g" can be used to explain savant behavior. d. is heavily reliant on the use of traditional IQ tests to assess intelligence.

answer

a. links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain.

question

48. Sternberg is best associated with _____ theory. a. psychodynamic b. autistic c. triarchic d. IQ

answer

c. triarchic

question

49. Moesha grew up in a society in which women were supposed to always begin a conversation with a man. While traveling in a foreign nation, Moesha learns that in this culture, a woman who begins a conversation with a man is considered stupid. This cultural distinction in the definition of intelligence illustrates what Sternberg called the _____ component of intelligence. a. practical b. fluid c. developmental quotient d. information-processing

answer

a. practical

question

51. When describing the practical component, Sternberg argues that an intelligent person will a. be successful in all situations. b. score high on an IQ test. c. show outstanding abilities in the areas of music and interpersonal skills. d. shape an environment to better suit his or her skills.

answer

d. shape an environment to better suit his or her skills.

question

52. With regard to experience, Sternberg believes that a. the level of intelligence of a response can be accurately assessed only after extensive experience with the tasks. b. experience with a task has no impact on ability to intelligently respond to the task. c. there is no way to assess familiarity with a task. d. the creative component of intelligence is best measured by a person's responses on novel tasks.

answer

d. the creative component of intelligence is best measured by a person's responses on novel tasks.

question

53. _____ refers to an efficiency of information processing that appears with practice. a. Terminal drop b. Automatization c. Factor analysis d. The Flynn effect

answer

b. Automatization

question

56. The analytic component of intelligence focuses exclusively on a. genetic. b. cultural. c. operant conditioning. d. information-processing skills

answer

d. information-processing skills

question

57. Sternberg would argue that an individual who is outstanding at filtering out irrelevant from relevant information excels on the _____ component of intelligence. a. practical b. experiential c. creative d. analytic

answer

d. analytic

question

58. A key role of Sternberg's triarchic theory was to ______, something that is not commonly found on traditional IQ tests. a. explain how people produce intelligent answers b. create questions that tap into different areas of intellectual functioning c. describe the key role of genetics in determining intelligence d. discuss how a single score could assess intelligence

answer

a. explain how people produce intelligent answersa. explain how people produce intelligent answers

question

59. The newest aspect of Sternberg's approach to intellect is _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic b. successful c. intrapersonal d. bodily-kinesthetic

answer

b. successful

question

60. "Successful intelligence" is BEST summarized as the ability to succeed in a. life b. school c. standardized test situations d. familiar settings

answer

a. life

question

61. Most widely used traditional tests of intelligence focus on _____ intelligence(s). a. creative b. analytic c. practical d. creative, analytic, and practical

answer

b. analytic

question

64. IQ and creativity scores are a. inversely related. b. identical. c. highly related. d. not well correlated.

answer

d. not well correlated.

question

66. Which item is NOT one of the three dimensions on which divergent thinking is analyzed? a. Originality b. Flexibility c. Ideation fluency d. Crystallization

answer

d. Crystallization

question

69. Ideational fluency refers to one's ability to a. pick the most appropriate idea to solve a problem. b. quickly recall synonyms when given a word. c. solve a problem quickly and accurately. d. generate many interesting, novel ideas

answer

d. generate many interesting, novel ideas

question

71. How did Sternberg include the notion of confluence into his theory? a. He believed that several factors combined to create intelligence. b. He saw intelligence as based on cultural differences. c. He suggested that the presence of a member of the same race would improve the intelligence score of children from minority groups. d. He saw intelligence as a "use it or lose it" proposition.

answer

a. He believed that several factors combined to create intelligence.

question

72. Luther is developing a test of intelligence. He believes that in order to accurately generate an intelligence test score, he must assess a multitude of factors that will be added together to form the "product" called intellect. This belief indicates that Luther is a strong proponent of a. confluence. b. creativity. c. convergent thinking. d. neuroplasticity.

answer

a. confluence.

question

74. The major focus of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development is to assess intelligence by measuring a. the rate at which infants achieve developmental milestones. b. vocabulary size. c. creativity. d. physiological status at birth (e.g., heart rate, respiration, muscle tone).

answer

a. the rate at which infants achieve developmental milestones.

question

75. Otis has just been told that his son Goober is going to be assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. As a knowledgeable psychologist, Otis would know that this test will assess Goober's a. savant skills (e.g., ability to calculate future days of the week). b. motor skills (e.g., ability to grasp and throw a ball). c. physiological skills (e.g., average heart rate, respiration). d. sociometric skills (e.g., the number of friends the child has).

answer

b. motor skills (e.g., ability to grasp and throw a ball).

question

76. Searching for a hidden toy is part of the assessment of _____ scale on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. a. behavioral-rating b. motor c. physiological d. mental

answer

d. mental

question

77. Which is NOT one of the scales on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development? a. Motor b. Mental c. Behavioral d. Social

answer

d. Social

question

78. The use of a test yielding a DQ over a test yielding an IQ is most appropriate when you are assessing a. infants. b. preschoolers. c. adolescents. d. the elderly.

answer

a. infants

question

79. If you tested 1,000 infants on a valid test that generated a DQ, what expectation would you have concerning the correlation between the DQ and an IQ taken when these individuals reach age 20? a. Expected correlation around 0 b. Expected correlation around +.5 c. Expected correlation around -1.0 d. Expected correlation around +1.0

answer

a. Expected correlation around 0

question

80. Why do scores on infant developmental scales appear to be such poor predictors of later IQs? a. They do not account for the negative environmental impacts that trump later experiences. b. They are actually very good predictors. c. They are over-reliant on verbal skills that continue to develop in childhood. d. They may tap qualitatively different abilities.

answer

d. They may tap qualitatively different abilities.

question

81. If you want to predict later intelligence using some infant measure, which of the following measures would be best to use with the infants? a. Bayley DQ scores b. Stanford-Binet IQ scores c. Wechsler performance scores d. Speed of habituation scores

answer

d. Speed of habituation scores

question

82. An intelligent infant is best characterized as one who a. prefers familiar information over novel information. b. achieves developmental milestones more quickly than other infants. c. gets bored quickly with familiar information and seeks out novel information. d. slowly habituates to stimuli.

answer

c. gets bored quickly with familiar information and seeks out novel information.

question

83. The stability of IQ scores a. is highest in infancy. b. becomes fairly high starting at around age four. c. is highest with longer times between testing sessions. d. is high for individual children but low for large groups of children.

answer

b. becomes fairly high starting at around age four.

question

85. Which statement best summarizes the pattern of IQ-score change in childhood? a. Overall age group stability but large individual variation b. Significant rise in average group IQ score from early to late childhood c. Significant drop in average group IQ score from early to late childhood d. Overall individual stability but large age-group variation

answer

a. Overall age group stability but large individual variation

question

86. Some children show gains in IQ during their school years. Which factor appears to be the primary cause of such gains? a. Strict child rearing practices b. Relaxed child rearing practices c. Parents who foster achievement d. Effective schools

answer

c. Parents who foster achievement

question

88. The cumulative-deficit hypothesis is often used to explain a. how deficits in school funding create ineffective schools. b. how people with lower IQs have more children, thus lowering the average IQ in a society. c. how the cumulative effects of a superior education create a feeling of never being satisfied. d. how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.

answer

d. how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.

question

90. Long-term research on children who were in Project Head Start indicates that a. while early changes in IQ are rare, significant increases in IQ are seen during the college years. b. compensatory programs like Head Start lead to poorer attitudes about achievement. c. children in these programs are more likely to end up in special education classes than their peers. d. participation in such programs may reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.

answer

d. participation in such programs may reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.

question

91. Research has shown that children who participate in early intervention programs a. show immediate gains in IQ that last long after the programs end. b. show immediate gains in IQ, but the gains fade after the programs end. c. show no immediate gains in IQ, but do eventually show long-term gains, even after the programs end. d. show no immediate gains in IQ, but do eventually show long-term gains, however the gains fade after the programs end

answer

b. show immediate gains in IQ, but the gains fade after the programs end.

question

92. The typical pattern of creativity in childhood is a. high in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and highest by age 12. b. highest in preschool, lower in first grade, even lower in fourth grade, and lowest by age 12. c. high in preschool, lower in first grade, even lower in fourth grade, and higher by age 12. d. low in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and lower by age 12.

answer

d. low in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and lower by age 12.

question

93. Which of the following is true of creative children? a. They engage in more fantasy or pretend play than other children. b. They tend to be less open to new experiences. c. They do not have unhappy or lonely childhood experiences. d. Their creativity can be predicted by high IQ scores.

answer

a. They engage in more fantasy or pretend play than other children.

question

94. Many early studies suggested that childhood _____ was the driving force behind the development of creativity. a. vaccinations b. nutrition c. adversity d. peer-friendship

answer

c. adversity

question

95. What physiological event has been associated with the acquisition of Piaget's formal operation stage of thinking? a. A spurt in brain development b. Menopause c. Increased levels of androgens d. Spermarche

answer

a. A spurt in brain development

question

96. IQ scores obtained during adolescence are best at predicting a. whether a person will graduate from college. b. a person's high school grades. c. a person's choice of occupation. d. how well a person performs in his or her chosen occupation.

answer

b. a person's high school grades.

question

97. Which statement is true? a. During adolescence, IQ scores become more predictable but creativity seems to wax and wane. b. During adolescence, creativity becomes more predictable but IQ scores seem to wax and wane. c. During adolescence, both IQ scores and creativity become more predictable. d. During adolescence, both IQ scores and creativity seem to wax and wane.

answer

a. During adolescence, IQ scores become more predictable but creativity seems to wax and wane.

question

98. The phrase, "I really want to be the best," illustrates the key element of _____ that exemplifies the behavior of many child prodigies. a. specific talent b. supportive environment c. motivation d. ideational fluency

answer

c. motivation

question

100. The Flynn effect refers to the observation that a. IQ scores are no longer related to socioeconomic status. b. average IQ scores have been increasing. c. IQ scores are predictive of educational and occupational achievement as well as income. d. IQ is largely heritable.

answer

b. average IQ scores have been increasing.

question

101. On average, _____ tend to have the highest IQs. a. manual laborers b. blue collar workers c. technical workers d. white collar workers

answer

c. technical workers

question

102. As a general pattern, _____ tend to have the lowest IQs. a. manual laborers b. professional workers c. technical workers d. white collar workers

answer

a. manual laborers

question

103. A large-scale study on intelligence, income, and occupational prestige by Judge, Klinger, and Simon (2010) found that a. general intelligence was not significantly related to either income or occupational prestige. b. general intelligence was significantly related to income but not occupational prestige. c. general intelligence was significantly related to occupational prestige but not income. d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige

answer

d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige

question

104. To what extent does a person's IQ predict his or her degree of occupational success (productivity)? a. Not at all (r = .00) b. Only very weakly (r = +.5 to .15) c. Fairly well (r = +.30 to .50) d. Extremely well (r = +.90 to 1.0)

answer

c. Fairly well (r = +.30 to .50)

question

107. Which statement best describes Kaufman's (2001) findings on the pattern of IQ change from young adulthood though old age generated by cross-sectional studies? a. IQ scores peak in young adulthood (age 20-30) and decline steadily through middle age (40-50) and old age (80-90). b. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates. c. IQ scores remain fairly constant across the lifespan. d. IQ scores increase gradually between young adulthood (age 20-30) and old age (80-90)

answer

b. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates.

question

108. Schaie's sequential study of stability of intellectual abilities showed that a. both cohort and age affect intellectual performance. b. cohort, but not age, affects intellectual performance. c. age, but not cohort, affects intellectual performance. d. neither cohort nor age affects intellectual performance.

answer

a. both cohort and age affect intellectual performance.

question

109. Research on changes in intellectual abilities during adulthood indicates that a. fluid and crystallized intelligence decline at the same rate. b. fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than fluid intelligence. d. crystallized and fluid intelligence fluctuate up and down throughout the entire lifespan

answer

b. fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence.

question

110. Longitudinal research on IQ change during adulthood indicates that a. crystallized intelligence peaks in young adulthood and then declines steadily. b. both fluid and crystallized and fluid intelligence peak in middle adulthood and then decline steadily. c. crystallized intelligence peaks and then declines, while fluid intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood. d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.

answer

d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.

question

113. Which of the following can we conclude about intellectual functioning across the lifespan? a. Preference for familiar items and tasks is associated with higher levels of intellectual performance. b. Intellectual functioning is not affected by practice or familiarity. c. The speed with which someone processes information is related to intellectual performance. d. Age-related declines in intellectual ability are universal in nature.

answer

c. The speed with which someone processes information is related to intellectual performance.

question

114. Terminal drop is best associated with a. poor health. b. automatization. c. poverty. d. cultural bias.

answer

a. poor health

question

115. Terminal drop is the name given to a. a low score on an IQ test brought about by the child not feeling well on the day of the test. b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying. c. placing an underachieving child in a special education class. d. a gifted student dropping out of high school and remaining underemployed during his or her adult life.

answer

b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying.

question

119. Research on wisdom suggests that a. most adults are considered to possess wisdom. b. only adults with expertise or experience display wisdom. c. personality and intelligence have little to do with wisdom. d. age predicts wisdom.

answer

b. only adults with expertise or experience display wisdom.

question

120. A study on the development of wisdom in young and elderly women by Staudinger, Smith, and Baltes (2001) found that a. wisdom is quite common in old age. b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age. c. age predicts wisdom. d. life experiences have little to do with the expression of wisdom.

answer

b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age.

question

122. Peak levels of creativity tend to occur EARLIEST in individuals who are in the a. sciences. b. humanities. c. mathematics. d. arts.

answer

d. arts.

question

123. Creative achievement requires a. only enthusiasm. b. only experience. c. both enthusiasm and experience. d. neither enthusiasm nor experience.

answer

c. both enthusiasm and experience.

question

125. Research on aging and creativity has shown that older individuals are _____ than younger adults. a. less original and less productive with creative ideas b. as original and less productive with creative ideas c. original but more productive with creative ideas d. as productive but less original with creative ideas

answer

b. as original and less productive with creative ideas

question

127. The fact that adults born in the 1980s have higher adult IQs than adults born in the 1950s illustrates the _____ effect. a. cumulative-deficit b. Flynn c. intellectual disability d. terminal drop

answer

b. Flynn

question

130. How many of the following four home situations (father is absent from family, mother has poor mental health, family has two or less children, head of household is unemployed) represent possible risk factors for negatively impacting a child's IQ score? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

answer

c. 3

question

131. A researcher is using a measure in which both the emotional and verbal responsiveness of a parent and the provision of appropriate play materials are being assessed. Given this description, the researcher appears to be using the a. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. b. Stanford-Binet IQ Test. c. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. d. HOME inventory.

answer

d. HOME inventory.

question

133. Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ? a. At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ. b. At age two, the quality of the home environment best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, maternal IQ becomes as good a predictor as the quality of the home environment. c. At age two, paternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as paternal IQ. d. At age two, of the quality of the home environment best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, paternal IQ becomes as good a predictor as the quality of the home environment.

answer

a. At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ.

question

135. Studies on _____ have shown that being in an impoverished environment has a direct impact on brain development. a. rats b. infants c. toddlers with Down syndrome d. older adults

answer

a. rats

question

136. Scarr and Weinberg's research on social class and IQ showed that a. children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents. b. children from disadvantaged homes continue to show significant deficits in IQ even after being adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents. c. children from poor economic conditions do not differ significantly in IQ from children from average or above average economic conditions. d. improving the economic conditions of the home has no significant impact on children's IQs because IQ is so strongly affected by genes.

answer

a. children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents.

question

137. Research on race, ethnicity, and intelligence has shown that a. you cannot predict an individual's IQ on the basis of their race or ethnic status. b. the gap between the IQ scores of European and African-American children has increased in the past few decades. c. different subcultures tend to show the same profile of mental abilities. d. Asian Americans tend to score lower on IQ tests than Hispanic Americans.

answer

a. you cannot predict an individual's IQ on the basis of their race or ethnic status.

question

139. A culture fair test is best defined as one that a. completely eliminates cultural bias from testing. b. can be administered to children from more than one culture. c. includes questions that are equally familiar or unfamiliar to children from all cultures. d. includes questions about all cultures.

answer

c. includes questions that are equally familiar or unfamiliar to children from all cultures.

question

142. Which statement concerning racial and ethnic differences in IQ is FALSE? a. The fear of "stereotype threat" (i.e., being judged on qualities associated with negative stereotypes) can help explain why African Americans score lower on IQ tests. b. Stereotype threat appears to account for about 80 points of the gap between majority and non-majority students. c. Mentors tend to increase the level of stereotype threat in members of minority groups. d. Positive stereotypes about a group may increase test performance of that group

answer

b. Stereotype threat appears to account for about 80 points of the gap between majority and non-majority students.

question

143. Research on genetics and intelligence test scores has shown that a. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation but not within-group variation. b. genetic factors can help partially explain within-group variation but not between-group variation. c. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation and within-group variation. d. genetic factors cannot help partially explain neither between-group variation or within-group variation.

answer

a. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation but not within-group variation.

question

148. Organic intellectual disability is the term given to intellectual disability caused by a. heredity, disease, or injury. b. lack of schooling. c. lack of intellectual stimulation. d. poor nutrition.

answer

a. heredity, disease, or injury.

question

150. Which statement about the classification of intellectual disabilities is true? a. About 10% of school-age children are classified as having an intellectual disability. b. The rate of children diagnosed with mild intellectual disabilities has increased dramatically in the past few decades. c. Parents seldom negatively react to a child's disability. d. Children with intellectual disabilities often have associated impairments like cerebral palsy or a sensory disorder.

answer

d. Children with intellectual disabilities often have associated impairments like cerebral palsy or a sensory disorder.

question

151. A group of English individuals with intellectual disabilities who participated in a long-term study are referred to as the a. Camberwell Cohort. b. Termites. c. Gang of Six. d. Flynn Family.

answer

a. Camberwell

question

152. It was found that when they were in their 40s, _____ of the Camberwell Cohort lived with their families. a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%

answer

a. 25%

question

155. The primary way gifted children can be identified at an early age is by their a. advanced language skills. b. good social interaction skills. c. high level of motor activity. d. lack of motivation to act due to a fear of perfectionism

answer

a. advanced language skills.

question

160. The "g" in Spearman's twofactor theory of intelligence stands for genius. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

162. IQ = CA/MA*100. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

164. Gardner's list of multiple intelligences included both musical intelligence and artistic intelligence. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

165. Sternberg's practical component defines intelligence differently depending on the sociocultural context in which it is displayed. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

166. According to Sternberg, an individual high in successful intelligence is strong in practical, creative, and analytical areas. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

167. Convergent thinking involves finding the one "best answer" to a problem. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

168. Ideational fluency is measured by the shear number of different answers an individual can generate. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

169. The Bayley DQ score does a good job of predicting later school grades. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

170. Children whose IQ scores fluctuate tend to come from unstable home environments. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

171. IQ scores in high school are very good predictors of college grades. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

172. The average IQ of workers increases as the prestige of the occupation increases. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

174. Very few older adults develop wisdom. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

question

175. In the field of psychology, as in many fields, creative production tends to peak in the mid 50s. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

176. The Flynn effect states that racial differences in IQ scores are likely due to genetic differences. a. True b. False

answer

b. False

question

177. A stimulating home environment is one of the best predictors of a child having a high IQ. a. True b. False

answer

a. True

STUDY

Assisted Living Facilities Binet And Simon Free Radical Theory Geriatrics Low Income Families Mental Health New Brain Cells Socioemotional Selectivity Theory Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Developmental Psych Ch 10 – Flashcards 92 terms

James Storer

92 terms

Preview

Developmental Psych Ch 10 – Flashcards

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the issues on which scientists have focused in formulating theories of intelligence?

answer

Does intelligence decrease throughout the lifespan as brain cells age?

question

The factor analytic approach to intelligence

answer

attempts to determine whether there are distinct factors that make up intelligence.

question

According to Spearman, intelligence is composed of

answer

a general underlying factor (g) plus a number of specific factors (s).

question

Following Spearman's work from the factor analytic perspective, recent researchers have

answer

confirmed the existence of a general cognitive ability because different cognitive tests are in fact correlated with one another.

question

Information-processing approaches to intelligence emphasize

answer

cognitive processing skills, such as memory and problem solving.

question

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence expresses the importance of

answer

information-processing skills, experience, and context

question

Your cousin finds balancing his checkbook easy and knows how to solve complex mathematical problems while working at a bank. This is an example of Sternberg's component of

answer

context.

question

According to Sternberg, successful intelligence requires which three abilities?

answer

Analytical, creative, and practical abilities

question

Tacit knowledge

answer

is implicit knowledge shared by many people.

question

Tacit knowledge has been found by Sternberg (2001) to predict

answer

salaries and job performance of workers.

question

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

answer

refers to separate, diverse types of intelligence in humans

question

Gardner proposes that

answer

bodily-kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, and interpersonal abilities are just as important to human functioning as linguistic and spatial abilities.

question

According to Gardner

answer

each type of intelligence has is own developmental path guided by its own forms of perception, learning, and memory

question

Gardner and Sternberg

answer

have collaborated on a program which teaches tacit knowledge needed to succeed in school.

question

Intelligence tests typically measure

answer

specific knowledge and skills.

question

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is an index of

answer

a person's performance relative to other people's performance who are the same age

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary purposes of intelligence testing?

answer

Predicting income and success.

question

Culture-fair tests are intelligence tests that

answer

attempt to minimize biased content based on experience or cultural background.

question

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development are useful at

answer

identifying infants with developmental delays.

question

Recent assessments of infants designed to predict educational risk focus on

answer

indexes of attention and encoding of information.

question

The series of studies by Fagan and colleagues support the view that intelligence scores in childhood can best be predicted from

answer

visual attention behaviors in infancy.

question

Which of the following statements is correct?

answer

Infant intelligence tests are useful in identifying neuromotor abnormalities.

question

The first intelligence test was designed by Binet and Simon to

answer

identify children who were unable to learn in a traditional classroom setting.

question

Binet and Simon believed that

answer

mental functions involving judgment, comprehension, and reasoning are what should be measured on intelligence tests.

question

After being administered the Stanford-Binet Test, the psychometrician told you that your child's mental age scored higher than his chronological age. Your child's IQ is

answer

above 100.

question

The concept of "mental age"

answer

is based on the number of correct test items achieved relative to a specific age group.

question

The performance items on the Wechsler Intelligence scales

answer

are less likely to be influenced by formal education than other items on the scales.

question

Large discrepancies between verbal and performance scales (verbal lower than performance) on a Wechsler IQ test suggests

answer

a specific learning problem.

question

Deviation IQ is defined by how much

answer

a person's score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score for other people their age.

question

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children was the first test to focus largely on

answer

information-processing skills.

question

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children involves

answer

sequential and simultaneous processing.

question

In administering which of the following intelligence tests are the examiners instructed to teach children who fail early items how to complete them before proceeding further?

answer

C. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

question

A child's performance on an intelligence test is described in terms of her position relative to the performance of

answer

other children her age.

question

Administering a test to groups of people having similar characteristics (such as age) in order to develop scoring patterns is called

answer

a test norm.

question

When determining the norm of a test, one would

answer

administer the test to groups having the same characteristics of those who are to be tested.

question

If the Stanford-Binet were administered to members of a rural tribe in Zimbabwe,

answer

the results should be interpreted with extreme caution because the test norms may be invalid for this group.

question

As a psychometrician, you are concerned that you administer the test using the same procedures each time. You are concerned with

answer

standardization.

question

A test that measures what it claims to measure is considered

answer

valid.

question

While developing an intelligence test for children, you compare the children's score on the intelligence test with the criterion of their school grades. You are making sure the test is

answer

valid.

question

The psychometrician at your school is administering a new IQ test and finds that students' scores on the test vary considerably across testing sessions. The new IQ test is not

answer

reliable.

question

Tests like the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales that focus on products of intelligence and current performance have demonstrated that IQ ___________, whereas tests that focus on the cognitive processes underlying intelligence demonstrate that IQ ____________.

answer

fluctuates over time; is stable over time

question

Studies like the Berkeley Guidance Study and the Fels Longitudinal Study, which assessed infant IQ with measures of sensorimotor skills, found that infant IQ scores are

answer

not related to childhood IQ scores.

question

An infant's ability to recognize a totally novel stimulus and direct his attention to it is called

answer

recovery.

question

Bornstein and Tamus (1986) found that attentional processes in infancy were related to

answer

mother's responsiveness.

question

The Flynn effect is a trend demonstrating that

answer

the average IQ in developed nations such as the United States has increased about 15 points from 1932 to 1978.

question

Arthur Jensen (1969) suggested that

answer

the differences between African Americans and European Americans in IQ can mainly be attributed to genetic factors.

question

Most estimates of the heritability of intelligence for middle-class white Americans are approximately

answer

B. 50% inherited vs. 50% environmental.

question

Comparing intelligence scores across cultures

answer

is a complex process subject to misinterpretation and cultural bias.

question

The problem with assertions made by Arthur Jensen over 30 years ago is that

answer

he failed to consider socioeconomic factors that influence intelligence.

question

The effects of social class and ethnicity on intelligence

answer

are critical to our understanding of intelligence

question

In cultures where extremely adverse health or nutritional factors exist, the genetic contributions to intelligence will

answer

be less pronounced (expressed less within the population).

question

Many argue that it is inappropriate to use heritability estimates of intelligence obtained in one population

answer

to infer the heritability of intelligence in another population

question

Which of the following is NOT likely to overwhelm or minimize the genetic contribution to the intellectual functioning of an individual or group?

answer

mixed ancestry.

question

Over the last several decades, IQ differences between African Americans and European Americans

answer

have been declining.

question

Congenital factors are characteristics that

answer

occur during gestation or birth.

question

Of the following family characteristics, which is the LEAST likely to be associated with higher IQ scores in the children?

answer

Parents who are strict and demanding

question

Some African American children who succeed in school choose strategies to hide or camouflage their actual efforts to achieve academic success because

answer

they get negative feedback from peers who may express negative attitudes toward education.

question

Which of the following students demonstrates a mastery-oriented style of motivation?

answer

A child who tries harder despite failure at solving some problems

question

Annabel has a helpless style of achievement motivation. When she fails at a problem she is likely to attribute her failure to

answer

a lack of ability.

question

Mastery-oriented children tend to have __________ goals, while helpless children tend to have ___________ goals

answer

learning; performance

question

The incremental view of intelligence views intelligence as

answer

a body of skills and knowledge that can be increased with effort.

question

Children with incremental and entity views of intelligence differ in their performance on tasks after

answer

failure.

question

Which of the following has NOT been found to increase helpless responses and lower achievement motivation in children?

answer

Examiner's emphasis on learning goals.

question

Chen, Stevenson, and colleagues have found that Asian parents are more likely than European American parents to attribute children's academic performance to

answer

studying hard.

question

Socioeconomic status and ethnicity

answer

are often associated with one another, and the effects of each of these can be very difficult to disentangle in research.

question

If a test is said to be culturally biased, it would have questions

answer

that were developed by a cultural committee.

question

Stereotype threat

answer

may interfere with the performance of minority youth in intelligence tests.

question

If groups of African American and European American students were told that a test they were about to take was diagnostic of intelligence and another set of groups were told the test was not diagnostic of intelligence, which group would be likely to perform the poorest?

answer

The African American group who was told the test was diagnostic of intelligence

question

Mercer's use of an adaptive functioning measure in conjunction with standardized intelligence tests was important because it showed that

answer

many minority children who had been classified as mentally retarded could function in their environment and perform adaptive skills, such as household tasks and holding a job

question

Lesser and colleagues' (1965) research on patterns of cognitive skills found that the greatest differences between lower- and middle-class children were for

answer

Jews

question

Optimal testing situations, such as familiarizing the child with the environment and materials, giving them encouragement on specific tasks, and using material rewards, have been found to

answer

improve performance of economically deprived children more than middle-class children.

question

The concept of cumulative risk is used to describe the idea that as the number of

answer

environmental risk factors increase, children's performance on IQ tests decreases

question

The presence of several risk factors, such as poor maternal mental health, low maternal education, and high incidence of stressful events, is associated with low IQ for

answer

children in both high- and low-income families.

question

If you wanted the best intellectual outcome for a child being placed for adoption, based upon the results of Scarr and Weinberg (1976) you should

answer

place the child with the adoptive family as soon after birth as possible.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which middle- and lower-class mothers differ in their interactions with their children? Middle-class mothers

answer

are more concerned with strict discipline.

question

Which one of the following has NOT been associated with Head Start participation?

answer

Higher IQ scores in adolescence

question

One of the differences that Stevenson, Chen, and colleagues found between American and Japanese families that could account for differences in academic performance between children in these countries is that compared to Japanese mothers, American mothers

answer

placed greater emphasis on the role of effort in academic performance.

question

The results from the Carolina Abecedarian Project suggest that intensive interventions that provide cognitive stimulation and parental education

answer

can prevent deterioration in intellectual skills that ordinarily occurs in economically deprived conditions.

question

As an extension of the Carolina Abecedarian Project, Ramey and colleagues randomly assigned some children and their families to a later-starting intervention program in early elementary school. They found that the children who participated only in these later-starting programs

answer

performed better than children who participated in only the preschool intervention program

question

One of the principles of successful intervention programs involves

answer

creating a support system that the child will need to maintain their academic progress

question

The most successful early intervention programs

answer

focus on improving the family support system and the child's educational needs

question

You have just learned that your child is gifted and that his IQ score is over

answer

130

question

Gifted children tend to

answer

be able to use their cognitive skills more efficiently than most people

question

Which of the following would NOT be an example of an educational enrichment program for gifted children?

answer

Advancing children to higher grades in school

question

Familial retardation includes intellectual deficits that derive from

answer

the conditions of early infancy or childhood

question

Familial retardation

answer

is usually less severe than organic retardation

question

Two children are mentally retarded, yet one is higher in adaptive skills. One would conclude that

answer

the child lacking adaptive skills is more likely to be labeled mentally retarded

question

Inclusion of children with special needs into mainstream classes

answer

is still debated as to its effectiveness.

question

Jose is always coming up with new solutions to a problem. As his teacher, you believe that he is

answer

creative.

question

Some psychologists believe that in order for an idea to be truly creative, it must

answer

be useful to some area of life.

question

One reason why there is a very low correlation between IQ and creativity is that

answer

intelligent people excel at convergent thinking, while creative people excel at divergent thinking.

question

In order to promote creativity in your children, you encourage them to engage in

answer

pretend play.

STUDY

Binet And Simon Cope With Stress Full Time Employment Psychology Treatment For Anxiety

Chapter 8 MC Practice – Flashcards 73 terms

Kelly Fisher

73 terms

Preview

Chapter 8 MC Practice – Flashcards

question

INFORMATION PROCESSING is to PSYCHOMETRICS as ____ is to ____. a. INDIVIDUAL :: GROUP b. SYSTEMATIC :: RANDOM c. PRESSURE :: RELAXATION d. PROCESS :: PRODUCT

answer

question

PIAGET is to PSYCHOMETRICS as ____ is to ____. a. UNIVERSALS :: DIFFERENCES b. CONTINUITY :: STAGES c. ADULT GUIDANCE :: CHILD INDEPENDENCE d. DESPAIR :: HOPE

answer

question

To psychometricians, intelligence is a(n) a. invisible psychical force that animates the brain. b. holistic conscious entity that defies measurement. c. set of traits that vary in strength among individuals. d. genetically preplanned set of potentialities.

answer

question

The goal of Alfred Binet's first intelligence test was to identify a. children who needed remedial instruction. b. intellectually gifted children who were well adjusted. c. teachers' innate aptitudes for tutoring slow learners. d. whether intelligence is a single factor or many factors.

answer

question

Following pretesting, Binet and Simon retained for inclusion in their intelligence test the items that a. were more familiar to boys than to girls. b. discriminated smart children from dull children. c. gave an advantage to Caucasians relative to minorities. d. were so difficult that only 10 percent of children got them right.

answer

question

In Binet's intelligence test, what was meant by the expression, "mental age of seven"? a. The child had an exceptionally long fetal development. b. The seven multiple intelligences are in the normal range. c. The child passed items that most seven-year-olds pass. d. About 7 of 10 (70 percent) of the items were solved correctly.

answer

question

Statistical "factor analysis" is applied in intelligence testing to a. assess the person's level of effort exerted. b. calculate the person's score on the general factor. c. identify the separate clusters of abilities measured by the test. d. assess the test's relative contamination by culture bias.

answer

question

In terms of intelligence, g-factor refers to a. thinking by visualizing three-dimensional images. b. acquired abilities of knowledge. c. an underlying general ability that applies to all types of test performance. d. grand factors that are especially important.

answer

question

Spearman's early use of factor analysis led him to conclude that intelligence is a. impossible to assess in a psychometrically valid way. b. a general ability plus some special abilities. c. a group of separate multicomponents. d. a single general ability.

answer

question

Louis Thurstone's factor analyses led him to the theoretical conclusion that Spearman's g-factor is a. a general ability that supports many tasks. b. present in humans and apes, but not in lower animals. c. biologically based in each person's distinct genotype. d. actually seven separate mental abilities.

answer

question

A big criticism against Guilford's structure-of-intellect theory of intelligence is that a. scores on the many separate factors are often correlated. b. the brain is too small to hold 180 separate abilities. c. reflective thinkers cannot identify 180 separate skills. d. Caucasians do better than other races on Guilford's tests.

answer

question

Hierarchical models, such as Carroll's, conceive of intelligence as a. a global general ability factor. b. essentially social in its nature. c. a collection of many separate skills. d. combining a general factor with many specific abilities.

answer

question

Pablo has studied art history for five years and has become an expert. When he first began his studies, he knew nothing about art. In Cattell's theory, Pablo's current art knowledge illustrates a. a high mental age. b. fluid intelligence. c. useless intelligence. d. crystallized intelligence.

answer

question

Which of these is NOT a component in Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? a. The genotypic component b. The experiential component c. The contextual component d. The information-processing (componential) component

answer

question

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, a child who is "street smart" shows strength on the practical ____ component of intellect. a. information-processing (componential) b. contextual c. experiential d. Flynn effect

answer

question

A student who knows theoretical knowledge, but has lacked opportunity to put it into practice, is weak on Sternberg's ____ component of intellect. a. contextual b. experiential c. HOME inventory d. componential (information-processing)

answer

question

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the person's efficiency at thinking reflects the ____ component. a. test norms b. experiential c. contextual d. componential (information-processing)

answer

question

An intelligence test is free from cultural bias when the items' ____ is equal for people of various cultures. a. fluidity b. familiarity c. difficulty d. triarchicality

answer

question

The Americanized version of the Binet and Simon intelligence test is known as the a. Marley Scale of Musical Intelligence. b. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. c. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. d. Flynn Intelligence Test.

answer

question

Critics of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences would argue that a. skills are not mentalistic enough to be intelligences. b. data must be collected to support the theory. c. ancient scholars supported multiple intelligences. d. Gardner is a racist because Caucasians earn high IQ scores.

answer

question

The average child who is performing at the middle of her age level will have an intelligence quotient of a. 75. b. 100. c. 500. d. 1,000.

answer

question

Test norms for IQ tests a. identify scores obtained by normal children. b. are based on average scores and variations within large pretested samples for the age group. c. are developed from a single child who takes the test. d. can be determined even before the first child is tested.

answer

question

Wechsler's IQ tests were better than the Stanford-Binet because the Wechsler scales a. assessed both nonverbal and verbal scales. b. were free from cultural test biases. c. were based on Vygotsky's principles. d. eliminated the danger of stereotype threat.

answer

question

The concept of mental age in intelligence testing a. is now calculated with separate norms for girls and boys. b. has been integrated with the concept of mental stability. c. has been replaced by the concept of chronological age. d. has been replaced by a calculation of relative standing in norms for the child's age group.

answer

question

The currently used deviation IQ is determined by a. comparing mental age to chronological age; i.e., IQ = MA/CA × 100. b. comparing the child's performance to other children of his or her own age. c. comparing how the child's performance deviates from adult performance. d. subtracting missed items from 100 and dividing by the child's chronological age.

answer

question

Which test based on information-processing theory is mostly nonverbal and measures fluid intelligence? a. The Lorge-Thorndike Test b. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - III c. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale d. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)

answer

question

High school students take the ACT or SAT test to get into college. These tests are both examples of a. two-generation interventions. b. group tests of creativity. c. individual tests that focus on practical intelligence. d. group tests focusing on crystallized intelligence.

answer

question

The dynamic assessment approach answers the question, a. "How efficiently does the child learn?" b. "What knowledge does the child presently know?" c. "To what extent has the child's achievement been inhibited?" d. "What is the child's genetic potential for achievement?"

answer

question

The overall trend in intelligence testing has been to deemphasize ____ and to give more emphasis to ______ . a. correct answers; justifications given for wrong answers b. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence c. knowledge; efficiency of learning d. race; gender

answer

question

The ____ of traditional IQ tests for children make(s) those tests unsuitable for infants. a. racial profiling b. overemphasis on dynamic assessment c. excessively entertaining style d. verbal content and attentional requirements

answer

question

Scores from which parts of the Bayley Scales contribute to the calculation of the developmental quotient (DQ)? a. None, because the DQ is calculated on the Stanford-Binet b. Mental scale, motor scale, and infant behavioral record c. Mental scale and infant behavioral record d. Motor scale and mental scale

answer

question

How well do scores on infant developmental tests, such as the Bayley Scales, predict later IQ? a. Poorly, because DQ and IQ measure different abilities b. Moderately well c. Very well d. Extremely well; DQ and IQ measure the same abilities

answer

question

Which of these infantile measures is known to identify neurological disorders or signs of mental retardation? a. Circular reactions that are oval in shape b. Low DQ score on the Bayley Scales c. Low IQ score on the Stanford-Binet d. Low IQ score on the WISC-IV-R

answer

question

Which infantile behavior is NOT known to predict later IQ score? a. Visual reaction time b. Variety of vocalizations c. Preference for novelty d. Speed of habituation to repeated objects

answer

question

Accelerated IQ gains during childhood are especially likely for children a. whose parents provide an intellectually stimulating home environment. b. who were born to abusive or neglectful parents. c. with resilient genotypes that guarantee their success d. who were fed "smart food" or given "smart pills."

answer

question

The research of Robert McCall, which evaluated the stability of IQ in a sample of 140 children, found that a. IQ is stable over time. b. about 50 percent of the sample had fluctuations in IQ that average 20 points. c. about 50 percent of individuals had increases in IQ. d. all individuals in the sample showed a decline in IQ.

answer

question

The cumulative-deficit hypothesis is intended to explain a. family budgeting in which expenses outpace income. b. why impoverished children suffer from declining IQ. c. why those with inferior genotypes are low achievers. d. the importance of financial planning for college.

answer

question

At the annual company party, Joe Plodder got the Employee of the Year award and said, "I didn't go to college, but I do well because I got my smarts from the School of Hard Knocks." Joe alluded to his high level of a. formal education b. Flynn effect intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence. d. tacit/practical intelligence.

answer

question

IQ is a moderately good predictor of school achievement, but ____ is/are an even better predictor. a. achievement motivation b. cognitive style c. SAT score d. previously earned grades

answer

question

IQ scores are known to be accurate at predicting a. exertion during play. b. persistence in the face of adversity. c. academic achievement. d. individual mental health.

answer

question

Terman's gifted children showed longitudinal evidence of a. being better adjusted emotionally than their peers. b. trouble in their interpersonal relationships. c. general unhappiness with their life. d. severe emotional instability.

answer

question

Based on research by Terman, mentally gifted and mentally retarded women in the previous century were similar because most a. adopted bisexual, lesbian, or transsexual orientations. b. sought full-time employment outside the home. c. behaved neglectfully toward their children. d. married and became homemakers.

answer

question

Identical twins seek more similar environments than is true of fraternal twins. This fact supports the ____ perspective on intelligence. a. nutritional/physical health b. environmental c. hereditary d. interactionist

answer

question

"A rising tide lifts all ships." This slogan describes the a. distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence. b. genetic hypothesis of intelligence. c. principle of stereotype threat. d. Flynn effect of intelligence.

answer

question

The positive correlation between IQ scores of unrelated children reared in the same home shows the influence of their a. shared environmental experiences. b. personally unique environmental experiences. c. personally unique nutritional preferences. d. personally unique genetic heritages.

answer

question

Which statement best describes the relationship of social class with IQ? a. "Rich kids get higher scores." b. "A fool and his money are soon parted." c. "Behaving smartly makes your genes smart." d. "The IQ score is really an 'idiot quotient'."

answer

question

Children of these ethnic identities are similar because they do well on IQ test items measuring spatial skills: a. Latinos and Caucasians. b. Caucasians and African Americans. c. Asian Americans and African Americans. d. Native Americans and Latinos.

answer

question

Research on culture-fair IQ tests shows that ethnic group differences in IQ scores a. become even stronger on culture-fair tests. b. are not solely due to biases in the content of IQ tests. c. arise from biases for men but from low ability in women. d. result almost entirely from cultural test biases.

answer

question

Real questions, for which the inquirer lacks the answer, a. are more often asked by African-American parents than by Caucasians. b. are typical of those asked on standardized IQ tests. c. require the child to select a multiple-choice answer. d. are meant to assess the child's cognitive skills.

answer

question

Negative stereotypes tend to lower IQ test performance a. when the test is labeled as a nonevaluative exercise. b. of stigmatized racial minorities. c. of middle-class Caucasian children, who feel pressure to excel. d. for children in general, regardless of ethnic identity.

answer

question

Which of these is most likely to promote high performance by African-American children on intelligence tests? a. Label the test as a nonevaluative exercise b. Motivate the children by maximizing stereotype threat c. Enroll African-American children in remedial programs that set minimal low goals d. Tell the children that the goal is to "beat the Caucasians"

answer

question

Research studies on the heritability of intelligence a. explain within-group variance rather than between groups differences. b. conclusively show that Caucasians are superior to African Americans. c. show that big-headed people are smarter than those with small heads. d. suggest that mixed-race children with more Caucasian ancestry are smarter than those with more African-American ancestry.

answer

question

The environmental hypothesis on intelligence states that groups differ in IQ scores because a. some groups are genetically superior to others. b. nutrition and general health differ across groups. c. their environments differ in supporting development. d. groups are religiously predestined for failure/success.

answer

question

The environmental hypothesis on IQ is supported by data showing that a. there are consistent and stable racial group differences. b. embryonic stem-cell implants can boost IQ performance. c. children with superior genotypes earn high IQ scores. d. African-American children adopted by middle-class Caucasians show strong gains in IQ.

answer

question

Some of the reasons why poverty exerts an influence on IQ include the following EXCEPT a. children in low-income families may be undernourished, which may inhibit brain growth. b. stress related to financial hardships may negatively impact parenting. c. individuals who experience poverty are often less educated and may not be aware of the need to stimulate their infants with appropriate toys or books. d. impoverished parents often speak to infants in ways that discourage creative thinking.

answer

question

The fact that the IQ scores of two-thirds of the impoverished people in the US who are Caucasian are not significantly different from those of ethnic minority groups would support the notion that a. something genetic causes group averages to differ. b. the IQ differences between African Americans and Caucasians are likely the result of differential rates of poverty. c. biological factors cause group averages to differ. d. poverty leads to a decline in IQ of Caucasians, but not African Americans.

answer

question

Identifying the sources of racial/ethnic IQ group differences is tricky and confusing because a. psychologists falsify the IQ scores of tested children. b. many who do IQ testing are psychometrically incompetent. c. socioeconomic status is confounded with ethnic identity. d. cultural test bias tends to inflate scores of all races.

answer

question

Early evaluations of Head Start compensatory preschool education concluded that the benefits of this schooling a. disappear after about two years. b. yield lifelong gains in IQ scores. c. are strong in boys but absent in girls. d. are not seen even immediately following the schooling.

answer

question

The overriding goal of Head Start compensatory preschools has been to a. provide employment to teachers. b. prepare low-income children for elementary school. c. boost minority children's IQ scores with intensive help. d. boost minority children's IQ scores with effective teaching.

answer

question

Subjects in the Brooks-Gunn longitudinal study of socioeconomic and ethnic factors in IQ were a. orphans reared in uncaring institutions. b. teen dropouts given a second chance at school. c. children of award-winning scientists. d. low-birth-weight infants.

answer

question

About ____ percent of American children are impoverished. a. 50 b. 35 c. 20 d. 5

answer

question

In their report of the long-term effects of early intervention programs, Irving Lazar and Richard Darlington concluded that a. participants demonstrated multiple gains, such as fewer assignments to special education classes and a lesser likelihood to be retained in a grade or to drop out of school. b. the programs invariably failed at improving IQ. c. participants were equally likely to become pregnant as teenagers. d. job-related successes were better for nonparticipants.

answer

question

Who were the participants in the Carolina Abecedarian Project, a longitudinal intervention program? a. Orphans who suffered neglect in large institutions b. Low-income infants at risk for mental retardation c. Teenagers who had trouble with criminal activity d. Caucasian children of average middle-class families

answer

question

"Learning to learn" differs from other preschool interventions because of its special emphasis on a. character-training, emphasizing personal responsibility. b. parental involvement in the program. c. implantation of Caucasians' stem cells into minorities. d. well-balanced nutrition, especially at breakfast.

answer

question

What change is especially sought in parents who participate in two-generation intervention programs? a. Family planning, to stop growth in family size b. Greater willingness to report neighbors' child abuse c. Increase in level of charitable service or giving d. Rise in socioeconomic status to the middle class

answer

question

The Carolina Abecedarian Project showed that intervention is a. most effective when begun during infancy. b. bad because it generates stereotype threats. c. futile because inferior genotypes are left unchanged. d. harmful to the child's long-term school achievement.

answer

question

In evaluating the efficacy of the Abecedarian preschool intervention program, results have revealed that participants a. made no gains as a result of participation. b. demonstrated gains in IQ lasting two years and then a decline in intellectual abilities. c. outperformed nonparticipants from the age of 18 months to the age of 15. d. demonstrated a significant decline in intellectual function.

answer

question

Divergent thinking (creativity) is a skill that responds especially a. to the child's abusive or neglectful experiences. b. to the quality of the family home environment. c. when phenotype is determined by genotype. d. to the child's high level of intelligence.

answer

question

"Calculate the speed of the Space Shuttle 200 seconds after launch." This question has just one correct answer, so its formula calculation requires a. convergent thinking. b. culture-fair testing. c. a relevant set of test norms. d. divergent thinking.

answer

question

"How can we improve the accuracy of election balloting?" This question requires ____ because there are many possible solutions. a. compensatory interventions b. crystallized intelligence c. divergent thinking d. stereotype threat

answer

question

Presently, most school programs for gifted children a. are integrated with the general curriculum. b. focus on enriching and speeding up traditional learning. c. encourage children to develop the six areas of resources that facilitate creative thinking. d. encourage the gifted to mimic their teachers' brilliance.

answer

question

Creativity may be fostered in schools by a. teaching boys and girls separately so that gender-related distractions are minimized. b. rewarding children who improve their own creativity. c. encouraging exploration and self-paced learning. d. teaching about the importance of convergent thinking.

answer

question

Which of the text's theme is most prominent in the study of intelligence? a. Active child b. Nature and nurture c. Continuous and discontinuous changes d. Holistic nature of intelligence

answer

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Psychology

Chapter 9 Psy – Flashcards 50 terms

Henry Lowe

50 terms

Preview

Chapter 9 Psy – Flashcards

question

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

answer

an algorithm

question

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the

answer

availability heuristic.

question

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

answer

people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood.

question

We fear too little those events that will claim lives

answer

undramatically.

question

Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they

answer

can communicate through the use of symbols

question

An algorithm is a

answer

methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems

question

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

answer

the availability heuristic

question

Bilingual children who inhibit one language while using the other can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information. This has been called

answer

the bilingual advantage

question

Spearman's g factor refers to

answer

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks

question

In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of

answer

prototypes

question

With which of the following statements will people typically agree most quickly?

answer

A robin is a bird

question

People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of

answer

a mental image

question

Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates

answer

overconfidence

question

Research findings suggest that the best advice to give people who want to avoid belief perseverance is

answer

"Consider other options."

question

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

answer

belief perseverance

question

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

answer

confirmation bias.

question

A televised image of a starving child had a greater impact on Mr. White's perception of the extensiveness of world hunger than did a statistical chart summarizing the tremendous scope of the problem. This suggests that his assessment of the world hunger problem is influenced by

answer

the availability heuristic.

question

Psychologists are most likely to question whether chimps have the capacity to

answer

transmit cultural innovations

question

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

answer

identify clusters of closely related test items

question

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

answer

fixation

question

Students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects. This best illustrates the impact of

answer

overconfidence.

question

Having learned the rule that a triangle has three sides, we thereafter classify all three-sided geometric forms as triangles. This best illustrates the role of ______ in concept formation.

answer

definitions

question

B. F. Skinner emphasized the importance of ________ in language acquisition.

answer

reinforcement

question

Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development.

answer

two-word

question

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ intelligences.

answer

eight

question

The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

answer

search for information that supports our preconceptions.

question

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion could be used to support

answer

linguistic determinism

question

Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

answer

identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes

question

answer

confirmation bias

question

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

answer

one-word

question

answer

framing

question

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

answer

"eat apple"

question

A prototype is a

answer

best example of a particular category

question

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that

answer

words shape the way people think.

question

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

answer

heuristics.

question

In contrast to our explicit conscious reasoning, our seemingly effortless and automatic feelings or thoughts are called

answer

intuitions.

question

As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself "i before e except after c." Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of

answer

a heuristic.

question

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating?

answer

cognition

question

With respect to the debate over the process of language development, nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________.

answer

Chomsky; Skinner

question

Beatrice and Allen Gardner taught the chimpanzee Washoe to communicate by means of

answer

sign language.

question

Eva had difficulty recognizing that a sea horse was a fish because it did not closely resemble her fish. The reason for this is most likely that a sea horse is qualitatively different from her __________.

answer

prototype.

question

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

answer

concept.

question

Language refers to the

answer

spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning.

question

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to

answer

save time in arriving at solutions to problems.

question

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiment, the chimpanzee Sultan retrieved a long stick with a short stick to retrieve a piece of fruit. Sultan was able to reach the fruit as a result of

answer

insight.

question

If using a stick is successful in retrieving termites from a mound, chimpanzees improve their ability to use sticks for this purpose. This illustrates that the chimps' problem-solving strategy is shaped by

answer

reinforcement.

question

answer

insight.

question

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

answer

right temporal

question

The risks of smoking are more alarming when presented in terms of the number of smokers with lung cancer than the percentage of smokers with lung cancer. This illustrates the importance of

answer

framing.

question

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is

answer

STUDY

Binet And Simon Psychology Psychometrics

Dev Psychology Final – Flashcards 74 terms

Owen Clarke

74 terms

Preview

Dev Psychology Final – Flashcards

question

Skill levels are consistent across the tasks

answer

The intelligence concept of "g" was based on the observation that

question

Fluid

answer

Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colors and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The use of this novel task indicates that the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing --- intelligence.

question

Determine which school children were likely to be slow learners.

answer

The intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (1904) was specifically designed to

question

Lewis Terman

answer

Who developed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

question

Mental age is no longer used to calculate IQ

answer

On the fifth edition of the Stanford-Binet test,

question

has separate scores for verbal and performance abilities

answer

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children test differs from the Stanford-Binet test because only the WISC-IV

question

How children solve the problems on the test

answer

An information-processing theorist focusing on intelligence testing would be most likely interested in

question

Naturalistic

answer

Given that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was based on Darwin's extremely insightful observation of animals, it is likely that Gardner would have viewed Darwin as having exceptionally high --- intelligence.

question

Consists of multiple and distinct abilities

answer

People with savant syndrome illustrate that intelligence

question

Practical

answer

According to triarchic theory, person with "street smarts" possesses high levels of --- intelligence.

question

Life

answer

"Successful intelligence" is best summarized as the ability to succeed in

question

Convergent thinking

answer

Miss Whitney asks her class to name the person who invented the cotton gin. This question best represents a measure of

question

Drew, who quickly generated a list of 20 novel uses for marshmallows

answer

Who is demonstrating a high level of ideational fluency?

question

They may tap qualitatively different abilities

answer

Why do scores on infant developmental scales appear to be such poor predictors of later IQs?

question

Overall age group stability but large individual variation

answer

Which statement best summarizes the pattern of IQ-Score change in childhood?

question

Participation in such programs may reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.

answer

Long-term research on children who were in Project Head Start indicates that

question

A spurt in brain development

answer

What physiological event has been associated with the acquisition of Piaget's formal operation stage of thinking?

question

average IQ scores have been increasing

answer

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that

question

Better able to monitor and treat their illness.

answer

Research on IQ and diabetes indicates that the reason individuals with higher IQs may live longer is because they are

question

Fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood

answer

Longitudinal research on IQ change during adulthood indicates that

question

A rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying

answer

Terminal drop is the name given to

question

Expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age.

answer

A study on the development of wisdom in young and elderly women by Staudinger, Smith, and Baltes found that

question

As original and less productive with creative ideas

answer

Research on aging and creativity has shown that older individuals are --0 than younger adults

question

Morphemes

answer

--- are the basic units of meaning in a language.

question

Syntax

answer

Shakespeare turned in a paper in his English composition class. The teacher returned it with a note that he needs to work on sentence structure. Which aspect of language is this comment addressing?

question

Distinct words in a sentence.

answer

Word segmentation is best defined as the number of

question

Consonant-plus-vowel

answer

A "babble" is best defined as a --- sound.

question

A parent directs a child's gaze to an object and names the object for the child.

answer

Concerning language development, joint attention is best defined as occurring when

question

A holophrase

answer

Joel reaches up to Daddy with waving outstretched arms and says "Up!" meaning "Daddy, pick me up!" This is an example of

question

Overextension

answer

Two-year-old Tonka calls every four-wheeled vehicle he sees "truck." This is an example of

question

Semantic

answer

Over-and underextension are best associated with --- errors.

question

Functional grammar

answer

Logan has just realized that the phrase "daddy run" can mean both "daddy is going for a run" and "can I go for a run with daddy." This realization best illustrates the acquisition of

question

Transformational grammar

answer

John as just developed the ability to convert a declarative sentence (I like pizza) into both a question (Do I like eating pizza?) and an imperative (I must eat pizza). This would indicate that he now is aware of

question

Becoming less egocentric and then becoming better able to understand the meaning of selfishness

answer

Which examples best illustrates metalinguistic awareness?

question

ERPs

answer

As a neurobiologist, Dr. Proctor would be most likely to utilize --- as an assessment tool.

question

There is no doubt that language acquisition is impacted by both heredity and environmental factors.

answer

What is the best summary of implications of neurobiological research on language?

question

Children are biologically programmed for language acquisition.

answer

With regard to language learning, nativists believe that

question

First spoken, second spoken, and signed languages

answer

In which areas does there appear to be a sensitive period?

question

Interactionist

answer

When describing his ideas on language acquistion, Harlan says, "I believe that humans have a natural biological predisposition toward language and that the environment that the child is raised in also impacts the development of language skills." Given this description, Harlan appears to hold a(n) --- perspective concerning the acquisition of language.

question

High-pitch sounds and varied intonation

answer

Young infants appear to pay more attention to speech characterized by

question

Kramer's innate drive to succeed.

answer

Which example best illustrates mastery motivation?

question

Academic skill-building and play

answer

Preschool programs that emphasize --- appear to be the most benefit to children, especially those from disadvantaged families.

question

"I knew I was smart enough"

answer

Jeff is a low achiever. After doing well on an exam, he is least likely to say

question

Be seen as smart and not dumb

answer

The key motivation for someone with a strong sense of performance goals is to

question

Provide the most cognitively stimulating home environment that she can.

answer

Angelina doesn't seem to even want to try to do well in her high school math class. If her mom Jolie wants to help her change her self-defeating pattern of behavior, Jolie should

question

Alphabetic

answer

The idea that the letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words in a systemic way is referred to as the --- principle.

question

Situation-specific and changeable

answer

Characteristic adaptations are --- ways of adapting to one's environment.

question

human nature

answer

According to researchers McAdams and Pals, we all share the same

question

Is best thought of in terms of a set of dispositional traits.

answer

The psychometric approach to personality has led researchers to believe that personality

question

Well-organized and highly self-disciplined.

answer

Cleo has received a high score on the conscientiousness scale of a personality test. This indicates that she would most likely be

question

Mischel

answer

Who is accurately associated with the social learning perspective or personality?

question

They are incompatible notions

answer

How does the concept of an infant as a "blank slate" fit with the concept of infant temperament?

question

Surgency

answer

One-year old Markus loves interacting with his peers. A developmetnal theorist would most likely describe Markus as being high on the --- dimension of temperament.

question

An infant's high ability to exhibit effortful control predicts a lack of conscientiousness in later life.

answer

Which statement between temperament and later personality is FALSE?

question

In a school with a lot of high achievers

answer

Marsh and Kit-Tai Hua's 2003 study on the "big-fish-little-pond effect" found that a student's academic self-concept is less positive when students are

question

Relatively free of responsibilities

answer

Fidel is a college student who is currently experiencing a moratorium period. This means that he is most likely

question

Minority status may lead one to lower or compromise one's career plans.

answer

Which statement concerning vocational development in adolescence is true?

question

Older individuals may retain a high sense of self-image by reducing the ideal-real self gap.

answer

Which statement concerning self-esteem development is true?

question

A person cannot develop normally without individuating one's self from others.

answer

Research on individuals from collectivist cultures challenge the Western assumption that

question

Communality

answer

A brain "hardwired" for --- would always show a high level of sensitivity toward others

question

Exploration of how things work

answer

Which trait is best associated with the tendency to systemize?

question

Females appear to have a small advantage

answer

The best summary concerning differences in verbal abilities is that

question

Males and females are far more similar than different.

answer

What is the best conclusion about psychological differences between the sexes?

question

One year

answer

At what age do infants first appear to demonstrate cross-modal associations concerning gender information by looking longer at a female face when a female voice is heard vs when a male voice is heard?

question

Gender typing

answer

Through her mother's efforts, Olive has just come to realize that she is a girl and has also begun to acquire behaviors expected of girls. This process is best classified as

question

answer

When asked if it is okay for a boy to play with dolls, Geoffery says, "Absolutely not, it's a rule that only girls can play with dolls." Based on research on gender roles and stereotypes, what age is Geoffery's most likely age?

question

A 5 year old and a 13 year old

answer

Based on research by Stoddart and Turiel, which two people would you expect to hold the most negative attitudes concerning the violation of gender roles?

question

Several critical biological events set the stage for different social reactions to males and females.

answer

According to Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of gender-role development,

question

A fertilized egg can acquire the anatomical and physiological features of either sex.

answer

Which statement concerning the development of genitalia and internal reproductive structures is true?

question

It will attempt to sexually "mount' male partners when it reaches sexual maturity.

answer

What is the most likely behavioral outcome of exposing a female rhesus monkey to testosterone during its prenatal time of development?

question

Parents attribute their daughter's math success to luck and not ability so the daughter becomes convinced that she is not good at math but rather gets lucky on math tests sometimes.

answer

Which would best fit with the theory that differential treatment by parents negatively influences math skills in a child through the creation of self-fulfilling prophecy?

question

Constancy

answer

For Kohlberg, the outcome of the three childhood stages of gender development is the acquisition of gender

question

Begins as soon as children acquire gender identity at around two to three years of age

answer

A major difference between Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory and Martin and Halverson's gender-schema theory is that gender typing in the gender-schema theory

question

High in masculine traits and high in feminine traits.

answer

Androgyny refers to individuals who are

STUDY

AP Psychology Binet And Simon Cognitive Psychology Psychology

Psych Test 2 (Chapter 7) 82 terms

Matthew Carle

82 terms

Preview

Psych Test 2 (Chapter 7)

question

One of the most important skills to have in jobs that require quick decision making is the ability to

answer

weed out irrelevant information

question

Confidence in the ability to make good decisions on the job is

answer

earned through practice

question

One effective way to practice the skill of quick decision making in stressful situations is to

answer

use simulations that make you feel like you are in that situation

question

People who feel accountable for the decisions they are making

answer

tend to make better, more thoughtful decisions

question

The two types of problem solving systems we have are _______ and ________

answer

automatic response; logical and systematic reasoning

question

Abby's new puppy cries each night when left in her crate. When Abby picks up the puppy and holds her to her chest, the puppy stops crying and falls asleep. However, after she puts the puppy back in the crate, the crying begins again. After a few nights, Abby suddenly realizes that her heartbeat is helping the dog fall asleep. She places a ticking clock next to the crate, and the puppy goes right to sleep at night. Abby's realization is an example of

answer

insight

question

PET scans show areas of the _____ being activated during the process of forming an image

answer

visual cortex

question

Research suggests that _____ affect the person's prototype for that category.

answer

what a person knows about a particular type of object does

question

William's alarm clock went off, and he knew what he had to do. In waking up and getting ready for class in the morning, William would most likely follow a(n)

answer

script

question

Whether a whale is a fish or a mammal is an example of a

answer

fuzzy natural concept

question

The representativeness heuristic can be used to create and sustain

answer

stereotypes

question

Writing a term paper may be best approached by using

answer

subgoals

question

An important factor in the formation of prototypes is

answer

culture

question

When people think, they often have _____ in their minds.

answer

images and words

question

Brainstorming, keeping a journal, and subject mapping are all

answer

strategies to stimulate divergent thinking

question

Keneisha is only 11 years old, but she can answer questions that most 15 year olds can answer. Fifteen is Keneisha's

answer

mental age

question

A test can fail in validity and still

answer

be reliable

question

According to Sternberg's theory, _____ intelligence is measured in academic achievement tests.

answer

analytical

question

Terry exhibits extraordinary musical ability. According to Spearman, this is an example of _____ intelligence.

answer

s factor

question

If a test measures what it is supposed to measure, that test has

answer

validity

question

_____ intelligence includes the ability to be self-motivated, to understand what others feel, and to be socially skilled.

answer

emotional

question

Samantha does really well with managing her own emotions, as well as recognizing and understanding the emotions of others around her. It could be said that Samantha has a high level of

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Sternberg's three types of intelligence are analytical, creative, and

answer

practical

question

_____, which is more frequent in males, is caused by a genetic defect that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development.

answer

fragile x syndrome

question

"Michael painted the picture" and "the picture was painted by Michael" have the same semantic meaning but different

answer

syntax

question

Language allows people to _____ and _____.

answer

communicate with one another; represent their own internal mental activity

question

In some languages, changing the _____ of a spoken word can change its entire meaning.

answer

intonation

question

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through

answer

their language acquisition device

question

Derrick was given a test where he had to identify morphemes. In one particular case, he was asked to identify the number of morphemes in the word rescuer. If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s).

answer

???

question

Three-year-old Jamal is learning how to wait his turn to talk during circle time in preschool. Jamal is learning the _____ of language.

answer

pragmatics

question

mental activity for organizing, understanding, and communicating

answer

thinking (cognition)

question

picture-like representations in the mind that stand for objects and events

answer

mental images

question

ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities

answer

concepts

question

concepts with specific rules for inclusion/agreed upon definition ex: planet

answer

formal concepts

question

"fuzzy," concepts people form not as a result of a strict set of rules but rather as the result of experiences with these concepts in the real world ex: bobsleds and rafts as vehicles

answer

natural concepts

question

most common response/basic example of a concept can be different for different cultures ex: fruit-->apple

answer

prototype

question

process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways restructuring aids solutions (5 sets of rings), work backwards, break into subgoals

answer

problem solving

question

process of cognition that involves identifying, evaluating, and choosing among several alternatives

answer

decision making

question

problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is trued until a successful one is found ex: getting into your house

answer

trial and error (mechanical solution)

question

very specific, "fool-proof," step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems ex: math formulas, recipes

answer

algorithms

question

"rule of thumb," an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem doesn't always work, mental shortcut ex: finding books in a library

answer

heuristic

question

assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category ex: all people with dark skin are African American

answer

representativeness heuristic

question

estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of relevant examples ex: "in most industrialized countries, are there more librarians or farmers?"

answer

availability heuristic

question

a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects only in terms of their typical functions ex: chair used for sitting

answer

functional fixedness

question

rely on a strategy for problem solving that has worked for us in the past ex: 9 dot exercise break it by thinking creatively/divergently

answer

mental set

question

block to problem solving, only searching for evidence that confirms your own belief ex: believers in ESP will look for evidence that supports its existence

answer

confirmation bias

question

the process of solving problems by combining new ideas or behavior in new ways can solve problem solving blocks

answer

creativity

question

type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all kinds of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic

answer

convergent thinking

question

type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point

answer

divergent thinking

question

the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and adapt

answer

intelligence

question

one ability of intelligence in Spearman's theory of intelligence the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence tested with IQ test

answer

g factor

question

second ability of intelligence in Spearman's theory of intelligence the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence ex:task-specific abilities such as music, business, art

answer

s factor

question

Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical

answer

triarchic theory of intelligence

question

the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving ex: traditional intelligence like success in school, mathematical abilities, verbal skills (tested w IQ test)

answer

analytical intelligence

question

the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems ex: people who are good with their hands, compose music, artists

answer

creative intelligence

question

"street smarts," the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful ex: fixing cars

answer

practical intelligence

question

developed the first intelligence test decided the key element to be tested was a child's mental age

answer

Binet and Simon

question

the average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions

answer

mental age

question

Stanford-Binet test IQ test= (mental age/chronological age) x 100 IQ tests more applicable to children

answer

Lewis Terman

question

a number representing a measure of intelligence using the formula

answer

intelligence quotient (IQ)

question

IQ tests for specific age groups (age-appropriate, culture-free, valid and rational) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

answer

David Wechsler

question

the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people

answer

reliability

question

the degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure

answer

validity

question

a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15 (higher IQ= the ability to delay gratification) (negative correlation between IQ score and juvenile crime)

answer

deviation IQ scores

question

condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; may also be referred to as developmentally delayed, condition was formerly known as mental retardation (these people fall on the low end of the intelligence scale)

answer

intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)

question

"geniuses," IQ 140-145, the 2% of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve possessing an IQ of 130 or above

answer

gifted

question

the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions to facilitate thinking and attain goals, as well as the ability to understand emotions in others

answer

emotional intelligence

question

degree to which the changes in some trait within a population can be considered to be due to genetic influences; the extent individual genetic differences affect individual differences in observed behavior; in IQ, proportion of change in IQ within a population that is caused by hereditary factors intelligence at 50%

answer

heritability

question

condition in which being made aware of a negative performance stereotype interferes with the performance of someone that considers himself or herself a part of that group

answer

stereotype threat

question

a system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others

answer

language

question

the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language

answer

grammar

question

the basic units of sound in language

answer

phonemes

question

the smallest units of meaning within a language

answer

morphemes

question

the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences

answer

syntax

question

the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences

answer

semantics

question

aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language

answer

pragmatics

question

the theory that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language

answer

linguistic relativity hypothesis

question

theory that concepts are universal and influence the development of language

answer

cognitive universalism

question

nature=genetics raising children in different environments increases the chances of a differing IQ

answer

nature vs. nurture

question

regions in the prefrontal cortex and parietal lobe that play the largest role in intelligence amount of gray matter in brain, faster reaction times, and high speed of processing/low rate of decay mean you are a more intelligent person

answer

parieto-frontal integration theory (PFIT)

question

theory stating CONCEPTS precede language studied children, "schemas" ex: experiment where children where shown pictures of bats, flamingos, and a crow and only one group of children was told the crow was a bird

answer

cognitive universalism and Piaget

question

theory arguing word formed concepts, the language we use influences our thoughts ex: sexism brought about by using terms like fireMAN, policeMAN, co-ed (female college student), by restricting language we restrict thought ("friendly-fire")

answer

linguistic relativity hypothesis and Vygotsky

STUDY

1954 Supreme Court Decision Abnormal Psychology AP Psychology Applied Philosophy Binet And Simon John Stuart Mill Physics And Chemistry Psychology

History of Psychology Final 150 terms

August Dunbar

150 terms

Preview

History of Psychology Final

question

Psychology is unique among the sciences in its requirement that its students

answer

study the history of psychology

question

Psychology is marked by diversity and divisiveness. The one aspect of the discipline that provides cohesiveness and a common ground for discourse is its

answer

History

question

According to Schultz & Schultz, a course in the history of psychology is useful because

answer

a. it helps us to understand why modern psychology has so many different movements. b. it helps to integrate the areas and issues that constitute modern psychology. c. it provides a fascinating story on its own. d. ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

question

As a scientific discipline psychology is

answer

one of the newest and one of the oldest

question

The feature of modern psychology that distinguishes it from its antecedents is its

answer

Methodology

question

Modern psychology differs from philosophy in which of the following ways?

answer

Modern psychology uses objective methods to study questions. Philosophy depends upon speculation and intuition in order to answer questions.

question

The data of history are most accurately depicted or described as

answer

data fragments

question

Skinner's self-discipline as a student and Freud's being ignored and rejected early in his career indicated that

answer

participants may themselves produce biased accounts.

question

A surge in the practice of applied psychology occurred in response to the lack of jobs in academic settings for PhDs. Thus, the development of applied psychology was a direct consequence of the

answer

economic context of the United States.

question

According to the textbook, psychology as a discipline has

answer

engaged in the discriminatory practices that mark American culture as a whole.

question

What invention was considered the perfect metaphor for the \"spirit of mechanism\"?

answer

clock

question

The doctrine that acts are determined by past events is

answer

determinism

question

Contemporary cognitive psychologists' computer model of artificial intelligence is a direct descendant of

answer

Babbage's calculating machine

question

Empiricism attributes all knowledge to

answer

experience

question

Descartes was significant to psychology as a science because he helped liberate

answer

science from the stranglehold of theology.

question

The question of the distinction between mental and physical qualities refers to

answer

the mind-body problem.

question

Descartes changed the focus from the study of ____ to the study of ____.

answer

the soul; the mind

question

Descartes' notion that we are born with certain perceptual processes is also a principle of which modern school of psychology?

answer

Gestalt

question

The idea that science should be based totally on objectively observable facts is called

answer

Positivism

question

Materialism is the belief that

answer

a. speculation and inference are acceptable. b. consciousness exists beyond physics and chemistry. c. the mental world exists on a plane of its own. d. ALL THINGS CAN BE DESCRIBED IN PHYSICAL TERMS.

question

David Kinnebrook was fired because

answer

his observations differed from the observations of his boss.

question

The practice of psychosurgery such as prefrontal lobotomies, has its roots in the

answer

extirpation method.

question

____'s phrenology proposed that the topography of a person's skull revealed his of her intellectual and emotional characteristics.

answer

Gall

question

The researcher credited with the finding or conclusion that nerve impulses are electrical within the neuron is

answer

Galvani

question

German universities were especially fertile ground for scientific advances because

answer

there was academic freedom for students and faculty alike.

question

Why did Helmholtz abandon his research into human reaction times?

answer

He found differences from one individual to the next and he found differences in the same individual.

question

Weber's Law, the formulation of how much change in a stimulus is required for a subject to detect it, rests on the measurement of the

answer

just noticeable difference

question

Fechner's most important contribution to psychology was the

answer

quantification of the mind-body relationship

question

The point of sensitivity at which the least amount of change in a stimulus gives rise to a change in a sensation is a definition of

answer

the differential threshold

question

How did the British empiricists (BritE) and the German physiologists (GerP) differ in their approach to the study of the senses?

answer

The BritE studied the senses from the viewpoint of philosophy. The GerP used scientific methods to study the senses.

question

In his early work when he was his own experimental subject, the 29-year-old Wilhelm Wundt found that he could

answer

not pay attention to two things at once.

question

For Wundt, the subject matter of psychology was

answer

Consciousness

question

Introspection as used by Wundt is also called

answer

Internal perception

question

According to Wundt, there were two elementary forms of experience, namely

answer

Sensation and feelings

question

The Gestalt psychologists' best-known tenet is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This same tenet was alleged in Wundt's principle of

answer

Apperception

question

Wundtian psychology in Germany was slow to develop because

answer

it was not seen as having practical value

question

Ebbinghaus is important for the history of psychology because he

answer

successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory, could not be studied in the laboratory.

question

Ebbinghaus's focus of study was on the

answer

initial formation of associations.

question

Ebbinghaus measured learning by

answer

counting the number of repetitions needed for one perfect reproduction of the material.

question

Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting shows that

answer

material is forgotten rapidly in the first hours after learning and then the forgetting slows down

question

Subjects in Titchener's laboratory were asked to

answer

a. swallow a stomach tube. b. record their sensations and feelings during urination and defecation. c. make notes of their sensations and feelings during sexual intercourse. d. attach measuring devices to their bodies to record their physiological responses during sexual intercourse. e. ALL OF THESE ANSWERS ARE CORRECT

question

Titchener's manner with his students during lectures was one of

answer

Formality

question

One of the main reasons that Titchener's thought was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt was that Titchener

answer

translated Wundt's books from German into English

question

This person was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. degree in psychology.

answer

Margaret Floy Washburn

question

Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is

answer

conscious experience

question

To confuse the mental process under study with the stimulus or object being observed was to commit

answer

stimulus error

question

The sum of our experiences accumulated over a lifetime is Titchener's definition of

answer

Mind

question

In his introspection experiments, Titchener wanted his subjects (observers) to

answer

be passive recorders of the experiences registering on the conscious mind.

question

Toward the end of Titchener's career, he came to favor the ____ method

answer

phenomenological

question

When Titchener died, the era of structuralism

answer

Collapsed

question

The most important consequence of functionalism was

answer

applied psychology

question

The most significant immediate antecedents of functionalism were

answer

the work of Darwin and Galton and comparative research.

question

____ was an early evolutionary theorist who argued that acquired characteristics could be inherited.

answer

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

question

A theory of evolution based on natural selection was developed independently by

answer

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

question

The most fundamental point of Darwin's theses was the

answer

fact of variation among members of the species.

question

A consequence of Darwin's work for psychology was

answer

a focus on individual differences.

question

Who was the first to show that human mental characteristics followed a normal distribution?

answer

Galton

question

The term mental tests was coined by ____, but ____ originated this concept.

answer

Cattell; Galton

question

When Galton's measures are compared to the same measures taken today, the data reveal

answer

the developmental rate was slower in Galton's time.

question

The work of Romanes was especially flawed because of his

answer

use of the anecdotal method.

question

Perhaps the most important factor that enabled functionalist psychology to flourish in the United States was the

answer

American temperament as a whole.

question

Who should social Darwinism bring to mind?

answer

Spencer

question

Who pioneered an innovative method of information processing?

answer

Hollerith

question

William James

answer

established an environment favorable for functionalism with his Principles of Psychology.

question

For James, one's stream of consciousness

answer

is distorted when analyzed into distinct elements.

question

Woolley's research on sex differences and alleged male superiority was

answer

the first experimental test of the variability hypothesis of male superiority.

question

The notion of a \"motherhood instinct\" was

answer

refuted by Hollingworth's research.

question

The first American PhD in psychology was earned by

answer

Hall

question

The first African American to earn a PhD in psychology was

answer

Sumner

question

The notion that children's development reflects the history of the human race is the

answer

recapitulation theory.

question

Why did the FDA take Coca Cola to court in 1911?

answer

because one of Coke's ingredients was caffeine

question

According to Cattell, by 1895 psychology was

answer

a required subject for an undergraduate degree.

question

Galton's influence on Cattell led to

answer

the study of large groups rather than single subjects.

question

The original purpose for the founding of The Psychological Corporation was to

answer

deliver applied psychological services

question

Binet and Simon's test differed from those of Galton and Cattell in its

answer

emphasis on the relationship of higher cognitive processes to intelligence.

question

The construct called \"IQ\" was developed by

answer

Stern

question

The fundamental difference between the Binet tests and the army Alpha and Beta tests was that

answer

Binet's tests were individually administered; the army tests were for groups.

question

One consequence of the adoption of the Stanford-Binet test in the United States is that

answer

public education has revolved around the IQ construct ever since.

question

Witmer's \"clinical psychology\" is today known as

answer

school psychology

question

The two most profound influences on the growth of clinical psychology as a specialty were

answer

World War II and the VA hospital system.

question

By the second decade of the 20th century, psychologists agreed on the

answer

a. value of introspection. b. existence of mental elements. c. need for psychology to be a pure science. d. replacement of structuralism by functionalism. e. NONE OF THESE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

question

The early 20th-century Zeitgeist in science was marked by

answer

Positivism

question

For Loeb, a tropism is a/an

answer

involuntary forced movement.

question

The case of Clever Hans served to

answer

illustrate the importance of objective, experimental study of animal behavior with proper control conditions.

question

Habit strength is a function of repetition. This is an instance of

answer

Thorndike's law of exercise.

question

Thorndike's revision of his law of effect stated that

answer

punishing a response weakened a connection but not to the same degree that rewards strengthened a connection.

question

Pavlov's conditioned reflexes require ____ for learning to occur.

answer

reinforcements and S-R connections.

question

For Pavlov this is necessary for learning to take place.

answer

Reinforcement

question

While Pavlov was exploring conditioning in Russia, an American named ____ also discovered the existence of conditioned reflexes

answer

Edwin Burket Twitmyer

question

Bekhterev

answer

applied Pavlovian principles to the muscles.

question

In his 1914 book, Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology, Watson argued

answer

for the acceptance of animal psychology.

question

After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson

answer

published for the American public through popular media.

question

For Watson, the goal of psychology is

answer

the prediction and control of behavior.

question

The most important research method of the behaviorists was

answer

the conditioned reflex method.

question

Watson predicted that the laws of behavior would be identified when

answer

behaviors were reduced to their basic S-R units.

question

The Little Albert study

answer

has never been replicated.

question

Mary Cover Jones's study of Peter

answer

was a forerunner of behavior therapy.

question

A major criticism of Watson's system is that it discounts

answer

sensation and perception

question

The efficiency of learning is a function of the total amount of brain tissue; this is ____ law of ____.

answer

Lashley's; mass action

question

McDougall believed that human behavior

answer

derives from innate tendencies.

question

Skinner's former students, ____ and ____, demonstrated that operant conditioning can be taken out of the animal lab and applied to the real word.

answer

Breland; Breland

question

Operationism means that a concept

answer

is synonymous with its methods of measurement.

question

Tolman's concept of cognitive maps, i.e., that the animal learns the \"whole,\" might be traced to his work

answer

with Koffka during graduate school.

question

Which of the following did Tolman not consider to be a cause of behavior?

answer

motivation

question

The term intervening variable refers to

answer

internal processes that \"connect\" the stimulus with a response.

question

In Tolman's system, the repetition of an act leads to

answer

sign Gestalts.

question

The classic test of Tolman's learning theory concerned whether a rat in a maze

answer

learns by using a cognitive map or learns by using a set of motor responses.

question

From the 1940s to the 1960s, who dominated American psychology?

answer

Hullians

question

Hull's system sought to describe and explain

answer

all behavior.

question

The technique that Hull added to the then-accepted battery of experimental methods was

answer

the hypothetico-deductive method.

question

The Gestalt school's major difference with behaviorists was over the

answer

utility of the concept of consciousness.

question

The unbiased description of immediate experience as it occurs is

answer

phenomenology

question

\"Apparent movement\" is another term for

answer

the phi phenomenon.

question

One of the major reasons that Gestalt psychology failed to become popular in the United States apparently was

answer

American scholars' belief that Gestalt theory had only to do with perception.

question

____ was the spokesman for the Gestalt movement who studied the thinking processes of chimpanzees, left Germany because of his anti-Nazi activities, came to the United States, and eventually became president of the American Psychological Association.

answer

Wolfgang Köhler

question

A(n) ____ is a quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experiences that does not vary even when the actual sensory elements change.

answer

perceptual constancy

question

The basic premise of the Gestalt principles of perception is that perceptual organization is

answer

Innate

question

Köhler argued that solving a problem requires

answer

a restructuring of the perceptual field.

question

Köhler argued that trial-and-error learning

answer

was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation.

question

The Gestalt psychologists maintained that a correspondence called ____ exists between perceptual activity and brain activity.

answer

Isomorphism

question

A basic difference between psychoanalysis and the other systems of psychology was that

answer

the other systems had an academic background and a focus on pure science.

question

A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was

answer

the unconscious.

question

The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg, with its bulk hidden from view (unconscious), is attributed to

answer

Fechner

question

The person who most strongly influenced humane reforms for the mentally ill in the United States was

answer

Dix

question

The techniques of Mesmer

answer

were investigated and he was discredited and often involved convulsions.

question

Freud's interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading of

answer

Darwin

question

Freud's use of hypnosis was a direct consequence of

answer

his association with Breuer and a research grant to study with Charcot.

question

The goal of Freud's therapies was to

answer

make the unconscious conscious.

question

Freud argued that whether an event happened in childhood

answer

is less important than the patient's belief that it occurred.

question

According to Freud, the biological, need-related part of everyone's personality is the

answer

question

The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters

answer

developed their own theories during Freud's lifetime.

question

The primary form of psychoanalysis practiced in the United States for some 30 years after Sigmund Freud left Vienna was

answer

ego psychology

question

Jung's theoretical system is known as

answer

analytical psychology.

question

For Jung, dream analysis was

answer

a lifelong practice for resolving personal crises.

question

Jung's concept of the personal unconscious

answer

contains individual experiences that have been suppressed or forgotten.

question

According to Jung, in our ____, we retain experiences of our ancestors, animal and human.

answer

collective unconscious

question

A component of the Zeitgeist at the beginning of the 20th century that influenced some dissenters within psychoanalysis was the

answer

recognition of the influence of social forces.

question

As he himself acknowledged, Adler's childhood experiences are a direct reflection of his concept of

answer

inferiority feelings.

question

Which aspect of Adler's system has led to the most research?

answer

birth order

question

In general, the designation \"third force\" applies to

answer

humanistic psychology.

question

There are no structural psychologists left in the United States. However, structural psychology was a success because it

answer

helped to establish psychology as an independent science.

question

Cognitive psychology is concerned with

answer

the study of all mental processes such as perception, learning, memory, and problem solving.

question

The founder of cognitive psychology was

answer

There was no single founder.

question

Neisser's definition of \"cognitive\" basically involves terms from the metaphor of

answer

information processing.

question

The very first \"thinking\" machines, used for calculations, were developed by

answer

Babbage and Hollerith.

question

Cognitive psychology differs from behaviorism because cognitive psychologists

answer

a. believe that people actively and creatively arrange environmental stimuli. b. are interested in how the mind organizes experience. c. focus on the process of knowing, not just on responses to stimuli. d. ALL OF THESE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

question

The cognitive psychologists' focus on cognitive processes has meant that using animals as subjects is

answer

fruitful in cognitive psychology.

question

This is the most recently developed approach to psychology.

answer

evolutionary psychology

question

The behaviorist premise that all behavior is learned was challenged by

answer

a. the Brelands' work on instinctual drift. b. Harlow's work with monkey-mothers. c. Seligman's work on biological preparedness. d. ALL OF THESE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

question

According to Schultz and Schultz, when a movement within psychology becomes a formalized school, the only way its momentum can be stopped is by its

answer

Success

STUDY

Binet And Simon Flashcards, test questions and answers

We've found 17 Binet And Simon tests

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards