Psych Test 4 Test Questions – Flashcards

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Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence
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creative
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Spearman's g factor refers to:
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a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
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The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of:
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emotional intelligence
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Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of:
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emotional intelligence
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In order to determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's:
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mental age
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For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as:
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mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100
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Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is:
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4
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Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the:
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WAIS
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When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a mathematical achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of:
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Standardization
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If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of:
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reliability
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A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:
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Validity
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A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity.
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high;low
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Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students.
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high school
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Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mentally retarded child. It is most likely that their child:
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was born with an extra chromosome
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Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?
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Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together
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Motivation is defined by psychologists as
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
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For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:
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A drive
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Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called:
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incentives
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On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of:
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incentives
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Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks?
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Arousal theory
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According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________.
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adequate clothing; self-esteem
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In a series of studies, research participants were informed that personality test results indicated they were the type likely to end up alone later in life. As a result, they became ________ likely to underperform on aptitude tests and ________ likely to become aggressive toward someone who had insulted them.
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less;more
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Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:
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achievement motivation.
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People who are high in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks; people who are low in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks.
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moderately difficult; very easy or very difficult
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The James-Lange theory of emotion states that:
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to experience emotion is to be aware of one's physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.
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The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the:
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Cannon-Bard theory.
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According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused.
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after; at the same time as
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The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory
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cognitive activity
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A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the:
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two-factor theory.
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Activation of the sympathetic nervous system:
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increases respiration and decreases salivation.
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People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of:
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anger
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Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their:
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facial expressions of emotion.
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The fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of:
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human genetic similarities.
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People experience a mood shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their sides. This best illustrates:
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the behavior feedback phenomenon
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The term catharsis refers to emotional:
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release
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Subjective well-being among university and college students is ________ with the extent to which love is valued and ________ with the extent to which money is valued
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positively correlated; negatively correlated
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A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a _______ level of validity.
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high;low
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Achievement tests are designed to
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assess learned knowledge or skills
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Spearman's g factor refers to
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a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
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Tests of ________ measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of ________ predict what an individual will be able to do later.
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achievement; aptitude
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Current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as
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the amount by which the test-taker's performance deviates from the average performance of others the same age.
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When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of
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reliability
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Studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence
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become more apparent
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Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to
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a deprived environment
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A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test.
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aptitude
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When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates
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emotional intelligence
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Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?
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cognition
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For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as
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mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
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Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)
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mental ability to learn from experience
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Most experts view intelligence as a person's
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ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
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If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of
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reliability
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Reported racial gaps in average intelligence scores are most likely attributable to
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environmental factors
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Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ relatively independent intelligences.
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eight
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Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is
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6
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A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of
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validity
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Standardization refers to the process of
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defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group
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A 6-year-old child has a mental age of 9. The child's IQ is
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150
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Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to
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identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.
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If a test is standardized, this means that
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a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group
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The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic associated with
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emotional intelligence
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Broad definition of Intelligence:
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The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills
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Charles Spearmans s factors are what
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Specific factors: verbal, mathematical or spatial skills
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g factor:
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general intelligence, underlying skills and abilities needed to perform well on all tests
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Howard gardeners theory of intelligence is called what?
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Multiple intelligences
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What is linguistic intelligence
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a strong capacity for using language
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what is logical/mathematical intelligence
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strong capacity for using numbers, logic, reasoning
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Musical intelligence
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ability to play or compose music and to recognize patterns and understand the structures of songs
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Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence
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the capacity to use and control ones bodily movements
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spatial intelligence
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ability to understand and visualize spatial relationships
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naturalist intelligence
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sensitivity to and recognition of patterns found in the natural world
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interpersonal intelligence
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awareness of the moods and motivations of others
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existential intelligence
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tendency to ponder questions about life, death and reality
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What is the triarchic theory of intelligence
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Analytic, creative, practical
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fluid intelligence
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the ability to solve problems and think abstractly, independently of past learning, education, or cultural experience
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crystallized intelligence
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the knowledge you've accumulated over the years from prior learning and past experiences
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What's a criticism about the standard IQ tests?
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they measure educational experiences, have exposure to language and reflect cultural learning more than they measure an innate ability for abstract thinking and problem solving
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What does the SPM do?
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The Ravens standard progressive matrices is a nonverbal assessment tool designed to measure one's capacity to observe, solve problems and learn
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Fluid intelligence
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the ability to solve problems and think abstractly, independent of past learning,education or cultural experience (peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood)
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crystallized intelligence
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the knowledge you've accumulated over the years from prior learning and past experiences (continues to improve across the life span and influenced more by environmental variables)
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Instincts provide what:
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a description of behavior yet they don't do a good job at explaining behavior
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Evolutionary psychology:
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based on the principle that behavior is guided by genetic urges and impulses related to survival
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Drive reduction theory:
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when you have a biological need that is not being met, an internal tension occurs
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A state of tension is called what?
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A drive
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Behaviors are motivated by what
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The need to reduce the tension (drive)
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The tension is reduced when:
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You've satisfied your need (ex. food or water)
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Drive reduction theory centers around the concept of:
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homeostasis
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Homeostasis
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Your body is constantly trying to maintain an internal state of balance
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