India's peninsular coast spans approximately 7,517km, extending from Gujarat on the West Coast to West Bengal on the East Coast, incorporating the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The country boasts 12 major ports, namely Khandla, Mumbai, JNPT, Mormugao, New Mangalore, Cochin on the West Coast and Tuticorin, Chennai, Ennore, Visakhapatnam, Paradeep, and Kolkata. Additionally, there are around 183 non-major ports in India.
The coast of India lacks a continuous navigation channel that links the east and west coasts. Presently, ships traveling from the west coast and countries such as Pakistan, Dubai, and other western countries heading towards the east coast, a
...s well as ships from countries like Bangladesh, China, and Indian naval and Coast Guard ships, have to navigate around the coast of Sri Lanka. This leads to longer travel distances, increased time, and higher costs.
The presence of the shallow region known as Adam's bridge, located southeast of Rameshwaram, connecting the Talimannar Coast of Sri Lanka, is the reason behind this. From 1860 to 2001, several proposals were considered to create a ship canal called Sethusamudram Canal through Rameshwaram, which would link the Gulf of Mannar with the Palk Bay. This project aims to establish a continuous navigable route around the Indian coast within its territorial region.
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