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PHSC Test 4 Essay Example

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Published: December 21, 2017

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a naturally occurring inorganic solid element or compound with a crystalline structure is a

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mineral

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a structural unit that is repeated in three dimensions is called a

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crystal

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which element is the most abundant in earths crust

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oxygen

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minerals are classified as

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silicates or non silicates

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the most abundant class of nonsilicates is the

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carbonates

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silicates are classified into two groups based on the presence of

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iron and magnesium

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the color of a mineral when iti is finely powdered is defined as the

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streak

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the hardness of a mineral is rated using the

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Mohs Scale

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the ratio of the minerals density to the density of water is

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specific gravity

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molten rock material from which minerals crystallize is called

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magma

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an aggregation of one or more minerals that have been brought together into a cohesive solid is a

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rock

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rocks that are formed from molten minerals are

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igneous

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igneous roc

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that slowly cooled deep below Earths crust is

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intrustive

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the rock that makes up the bulk of earths continents is

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granite

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the rock that makes up the ocean basins and much of earths interior is

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basalt

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rocks that are formed from particles of other rocks or from dissolved materials from previously existing rocks are classified as

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sedimentry

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accumulations of silt,sand or other materials that settle out of water are called

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sediments

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limestone and dolomite are

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carbonates

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heat and pressure change rocks into

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metamorphic rocks

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the relationship between rocks that are continually changing over long period of time is called rock cycle

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rock cylce

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the layer that covers earth surface is the

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crust

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based on its abundance in earths crust, most rocks will contain a mineral composed of oxygen and the element

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silicon

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the most common rock in earths crust is

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igneous

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an intrusive igneous rock will have which type of texture

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coarse-grained

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which igneous rock

would have the greatest density

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basalt

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which of the following formed from previously existing rocks

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all of the above are correct-sedimentary rocks-igneous rocks-metamorphic rocks

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sedimentary rocks are formed by the processes of compaction and

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cementation

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the greatest extent of metamorphic changes has occurred in

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gneiss

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which type of rock probably existed first, starting the rock cycle

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igneous

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earth is unique because it has

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water covering most of its surface

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the common structural feature of all silicates is

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silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit

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the one group that is not a subgroup of silicate mineral is

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plastic silicates

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the property that is not considered useful in identifying minerals is

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melting point

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the specific gravity of a mineral depends on

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kinds of atoms of which it is composed and manner in which the atoms are packed in the crystal lattice

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fluorite is a mineral that floats in liquid mercury. the specific gravity of fluorite must be

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less than the specific gravity of mercury

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the group that is not a class

of rocks is

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volcanic

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the classification of rocks is based on

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how they were formed

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an example of a sedimentary rock is

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shale

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the term that does not describe a size of clastic sediment is

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sandstone

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dissolved rock materials from

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chemical sediments

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an example of metamorphic rock is

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marble

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extrusive igneous rocks are formed on earths surface from

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lava

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foliation is found in

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metamorphic roks

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the core of the earth is composed of

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iron an nickel

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the middle part of earths interior is

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mantle

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the separation of materials that gave earth its layered interior is called

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diferentiation

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a vibration that moves through any part of earth is called a

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seismic wave

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the s-wave is a

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transverse wave

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waves that occur where s- or p- waves reach the surface are

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surface waves

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the three main areas

of earths interior are

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core, mantle, and crust

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the boundary between the crust and the mantle is called

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moho discontinuity

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the mantle is composed of

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silicates

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seismological studies suggest that the core

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has a liquid outer core and solid inner core

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evidence from meteorite studies proposes that the core is composed of

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nickel and iron

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the layer in the earth where seismic waves sharply decrease in velocity is called the

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astehnoshpere

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the layer that is broken up into plates that move in the upper mantle is the

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lithosphere

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the name of the single large continent suggested by Weagener is

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pangaea

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records of the strength and directions of earths magnetic field are found in

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igneous

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the chain of mountains found in the center of the Atlantic ocean basin is called the

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mid-Atlantic ridge

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long, deep, and narrow oceanic trenches are located

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parallel to the edges of continents

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the theory that the lithosphere is composed of several rigid plates that float in the asthenoshpere is called

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plate tectonics

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the plate boundary associated with the formation of new crust is called

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divergent

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the movement of one plate under another plate creates a

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subduction zone

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transform boundaries occur when

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two plates slide by each other without the formation or loss of crust

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what is the current theory about why the plates moveq

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convective cells move from the core to the lithoshpere

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the seismic waves that cause the most damage during an earthquake are

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surface waves

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Earths mantle has a chemical composition that agrees closely with the composition of

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basalt

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from seismological data, earths shadow zone indicates that part of earths interior must be

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liquid

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the mohorovicic discontinuity is a change in seismic wave velocity that is believed to take place because of

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changes in the composition on both sides of the boundary

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the oldest rocks are found in

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continental crust

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the lease dense rocks are found in

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continental crust

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the idea of a seafloor spreading along the mid-alantic ridge was supported by evidence from

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changes in magnetic patterns and ages of rocks moving away from the ridge

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according to the plate tectonics theory, seafloor spreading takes place at a

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divergent boundary

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the presence of an oceanic trench, a chain of volcanic mountains along the continental edge, and deep-seated earthquakes is characteristic of a an

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ocean-continent plate convergence

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the presence of an oceanic trench with shallow earthquakes and island arcs with deep-seated earthquakes is characteristic of an

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ocean-ocean plate convergence

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the ongoing occurrence of earthquakes without seafloor spreading oceanic trenches, or volcanoes is most characteristic of a

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transform boundary between plates

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the evidence that earths core is part liquid or acts as a liquid comes from

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the s-wave shadow zone

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the surfaces of early planets on our solar system were thought to be formed from

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bombardment by dust and debris remaining from initial planet formation

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the early earths core is thought to have form the

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gravitational pull of heavier materials to the center of earth

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indirect evidence that supports the theory of how earth formed is supported by the study of

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samples from earths core

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the oceanic crust is

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thinner than the continental crust

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seismic waves that do not travel through liquid are

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s-waves

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the fastest seismic wave is the

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p-wave

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information about the composition and nature of the mantle does not come from

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samples obtained from drilling

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primary information about the nature of the core is provided by

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seismological data

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the atmosphere is not defined as

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rigid

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earths magnetic field is thought to be generated by

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electrical currents in the core

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studies of the mid-atlantic ridge provided evidence of

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seafloor spreading

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evidence that supports seafloor spreading does not include the

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younger sediments near the continetns

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a geological feature that was produced by divergent boundaries is

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the mid-atlantic ridge

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which type of plate boundary accounts for the formation of the Appalachian mountains

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continental to continental convergence

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which type of late boundary was responsible for the formation of the japanese islands

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ocean to ocean convergence

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a famous tranform boundary in the united states is the

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san andreas fault

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plate movement is measured by

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all of the above-reflected laser light experiments-age of sediments-analysis of magnetic patterns in rocks

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islands that form when melted subducted material rises through the plates above sea level are called

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arc islands

PHSC Test 4 Essay Example

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