An open circulatory system contains a heart that pumps blood into an open cavity, which lacks arteries and veins; hence, the blood, which surrounds the tissues and the organs, is diffused into the cells.

On the other hand, a closed circulatory system consists of a heart, which pumps blood, and arteries and veins that transport the blood and oxygen throughout the body.

Here are the two different patterns of circulation in vertebrates:

1. Single-loop circulation
This circulation is characterized by a single pump that moves the blood in a unidirectional flow.

Example: When the heart of fishes receives the blood from the body capillaries through the atrium, then the blood is pumped out of the heart and into the gill capillaries through the ventricle.

2. Double-loop circulation
This pattern of circulation is characterized by a two-pump system.

Example: The first loop, which is located on one side of the heart, pumps oxygen-poor blood into the lungs. The second loop, which is on the other side of the heart, receives the oxygen-rich blood and pumps it into the rest of the body. through the systemic capillaries.

Here are the two different patterns of circulation in vertebrates:

1. Single-loop circulation
This circulation is characterized by a single pump that moves the blood in a unidirectional flow.

Example: When the heart of fishes receives the blood from the body capillaries through the atrium, then the blood is pumped out of the heart and into the gill capillaries through the ventricle.

2. Double-loop circulation
This pattern of circulation is characterized by a two-pump system.

Example: The first loop, which is located on one side of the heart, pumps oxygen-poor blood into the lungs. The second loop, which is on the other side of the heart, receives the oxygen-rich blood and pumps it into the rest of the body. through the systemic capillaries.

An open circulatory system contains a heart that pumps blood into the blood vessels that empty into an open cavity; hence, the blood surrounds the tissues and organs. On the other hand, an organism that has a closed circulatory system contains arteries and veins throughout its entire body.

Like other insects, a grasshopper contains blood vessels that empty blood into an open cavity; hence, it has an open circulatory system.

A closed circulatory system carries the blood within the arteries and veins that extend throughout the entire body. The nutrients and oxygen are usually transported in the bloodstream, then diffused into the cells of the body via capillaries, which are the small, branching blood vessels that link the arteries and veins.

The advantage of a four-chambered heart over the two or three-chambered hearts is its efficiency in sending blood to the organs without mixing the deoxygenated blood into the oxygenated blood.

The illustration below shows how the lung capillaries interact with the double-loop circulatory structures to provide oxygen to the rest of the body.

The illustration below shows how the lung capillaries interact with the double-loop circulatory structures to provide oxygen to the rest of the body. (Click to see illustration)